2021-2022年收藏的精品资料专题 04 数词2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版.docx
专题04 数词解读考点【考点分布】基数词、序数词和分数 【考点内容】了解基数词、序数词的构成及基本用法,以及在具体语境中的准确运用, 同时掌握分数的构成和基本用法 【中考解读】1.中考主要考查以序数词的基本构成及用法,分数的构成及用法 2.对概数表示法考查力度加大 数词定义:数词-就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词, 分为基数词和序数词两种直击考点中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点:1基数词和序数词的用法;2日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法;3分数的表达;4hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法。【名师点睛】高频考向一基数词1基数词的构成112独立成词。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。1319的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。表示整“十”的基数词:2090的基数词都以ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的正确写法。2199的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“”连接。如:26 twenty-six;57 fifty-seven101999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123 one hundred and twenty-threehundred,thousand,million,billion等词在表示确定数目的时候,直接前面加基数词;表示不确定数目时,要在它们后面加s,其后还要加of。如:three hundred students三百名学生thousands of students成千上万的学生2基数词的用法表示数量的多少。表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight表示时刻。7:00读作seven o'clock8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty3:05读作five past three/three five5:48读作twelve to six/five fortyeight表示顺序。单数名词基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:Class Two,Room12,No.3 Middle School注:“单数名词基数词”可转换成“the序数词单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:Lesson Threethe third lesson“数词单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词单位名词形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如:ten years old,3600 meters long“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如:In his sixties,he rode a bike round the world.The light was invented in the 1870s.与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加定数量。如:another three hours,two more cakes【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。高频考向二序数词1序数词的构成序数词多数是由“基数词th”构成。如:six-sixth,seven-seventh等。以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-fiftieth,seventyseventieth等。21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:twenty-one twenty-first,thirty-two thirty-second,two hundred and ninety-eight two hundred and ninety-eighth等。少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,twelvetwelfth注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)2序数词的用法表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。如:I'm the first one to arrive here.注:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时,则关系代词只能用that。如:Today is my thirtieth birthday.用于最高级前。如:John is the second tallest boy in our class.分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为l,分母用单数,分子大于l,分母用复数。如:one fifth,three fifths些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为a quarter,3/4也可表示为three quarters,1/2也可表示为a half带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如:Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。KTwo fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)序数词单数名词。如:She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。基数词变序数词要遵循以下原则:1. 一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。2. 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。3. 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。onefirst twosecond threethird fourfourth fivefifth sixsixth sevenseventh eighteighth nineninth tententh eleveneleventh twelvetwelfth thirteenthirteenth fourteenfourteenth fifteenfifteenth sixteensixteenth seventeenseventeenth eighteeneighteenth nineteennineteenth twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth fortyfortieth fiftyfiftieth sixtysixtieth seventyseventieth eightyeightieth ninetyninetieth基数词变序数词口诀基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;一二三,特殊记,八加h,九去e,ve要用f替,以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。命题点1 基数词和序数词的用法1. 序数词前必须加the。如:The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。2. 序数词前若有限定词,则可以不用加the。如:It is my third time to visit Beijing. 这是我第三次参观北京。3. 序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再”,内含顺序性。如:We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次(第四次)吗?命题点2 年龄、长、宽、高、面积等的表示方法基数词加量词(meter(s)/kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/year(s)/.)加形容词(long/wide/high/deep)。如:three years old 三岁大;two meters tall 两米高;ten meters long 十米长命题点3 hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法1. hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时用单数,在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”“数十亿”等不确定的数目时,用“hundreds of/thousands of/millions of/billions of+可数名词复数”表示。与of 连用时,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加数字。如:thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂2. 与具体的数字one, two.或several, some, many等词连用时,要用单数形式。如:five hundred people 500人two thousand books 两千本书many million trees 几百万棵树命题点4年份、日期与编号的表示法1. 年份、日期、编号的表达年份、日期表示法通常英式英语表达为“日、月、年”,而美式英语表达为“月、日、年”。一般年份用基数词,日期用序数词(可简写),月份用月份名称,年份后面不用year(年)。如:on August 8th, 2012在2012年8月8日编号表示法名词加基数词等于the加序数词加名词。如:第一课Lesson One等于the first lesson;第二页Page Two等于the second page路公车Bus number 2 或the number 2 bus。有时可以直接用数字来表示。如:Room two o six, Class two, Grade one.(注意:使用时要注意大小写)2. 年份、日期、时间的读法年份:四位数通常分两组来读。如:1999读作:nineteen ninety-nine日期:用序数词来表示。如:November 3rd读作:November the third时间:时间的读法有以下方法:一般直接按照表示时间的数字来读。另外英语中的15分钟也可以说成a quarter,如:8:30读作:eight thirty4:15读作:a quarter past four命题点5其他重要表达方式:1. half an hour半小时2. one and a half hoursd等于one hour and a half一个半小时3. in ones thirties在某人30多岁(区别:in the thirties在30年代)4. an eightyearold boy一个八岁的男孩5. a 100meterlong bridge一座100米长的桥6. a tenminute walk等于ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程7. two more hours等于another two hours再多两个小时2年中考2014年题组1. 【2014年湖南省娄底市中考】Whats the date today?Its June _, 2014.A. the fifteen B. the nineteenth C. eighteen2. 【2014年内蒙古通辽市中考】 She has cut the cake into pieces. Which piece do you want? The one. Its the biggest.A. five; four B. five; fourth C. fifth; fourth D. fifth; four3. 【2014年福建省莆田市中考】According to the new family planning policy in China, a couple can have a_child if one of them is an only child.A. two B. second C. twice4. 【2014年福建省漳州市中考】In his_,Wilson returned to his hometown and began to teach .Athirty Bthirties Cthirtieth5. 【2014年甘肃省兰州市中考】Please tum to Page and read the story. A. Ten; two B. Ten; second C. Tenth; second D. Tenth; two6. 【2014年湖北省恩施州中考】Tomorrow is my father's_birthday.I will buy him a gift.A. fortieth B.forty C.fourteenth2015年题组1. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her .A. fiftiesB. fifty C. fiftiethsD. fiftieth2. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】 I live in Room 403, Sam lives in the room right above mine, on the _ floor. A.third B.three C.fifth D.five 3. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ people. A.less,less B.fewer,more C.more,fewer D.less,fewer 4.【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】It took people three months to build this great building. A. two hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. two hundred of5.【内蒙古呼和浩特市2015年中考英语试题】Boys and girls, please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture. A. Fifth; fiveB. Five; five C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; fifth6. 【四川省成都市2015年中考英语试题】The biggest earthquakes in Nepal(尼泊尔)have killed more than 8,000,people.Atwo Bsecond Ctwice7.【天津市2015年中考英语试题】Basketball is so exciting that _ people play it for fun. A. million B. two millions C .million of D. millions of考点归纳一、基数词写法、读法的考查1.There are _ days in a week.A. the seven B. seventh C. the seventh D. seven 2.Can you write the number eighty-five thousand,six hundred andtwenty-six?Yes,it is. _.A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 析基数词的写法须熟记:1至12逐个记忆,13至19均以-teen结尾;20至90十位数整数皆以后缀-ty结尾;21至99(整十除外),在十位数与个位数之间加连字符号;101至999,在百位与十位之间加and;一千以上的基数词,从后面向前数,阿拉伯数字每三位为一段,用逗号分开,所用的数字名称依次为thousand,million,billion,需要注意的是,在这里它们的后面不能加-s。二、序数词构成、用法的考查3. I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen 4. December is the _ month in a year.A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth 析序数词的构成一般是在基数词后加-th,但也有几个例外。请记住这个顺口溜:“一、二、三特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八减t,九去e,f替ve。逢上y字换ie。词尾普加th。”另外,序数词前一般要用定冠词the。三、分数词构成、用法的考查5. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth (2002甘肃)析分数词的写法一般是:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示:分子为“1”,分母用序数词的单数形式;分子大于“1”,分母用序数词的复数形式。另外,分数主语的数取决于of后面的名词的数。四、数词与名词表编号的考查6. The new student is in _.A. Class 2 B. Class Second C. 2 Class (2002武汉)析在通常情况下,表示年级、班、行、课等的编号时用基数词。其习惯表达为年级、班、行、课等的词在前,基数词在后,且词首的字母要大写。即“名词基数词”也可用“the序数词名词”表示。五、hundred,thousand,million等词复数形式的考查7. _ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred of B. Hundreds ofC. Five hundreds D. Hundred (2002哈尔滨)析一般地,基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加-s,也不带of。它们的复数形式后面常需跟of.短语,表示约数。如:hundredsof数百,thousands of成千上万,millions of数百万三、分数词构成、用法的考查8. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth (2002甘肃)析分数词的写法一般是:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示:分子为“1”,分母用序数词的单数形式;分子大于“1”,分母用序数词的复数形式。另外,分数主语的数取决于of后面的名词的数。易错易混高频考点一:基数词变序数词的拼写,序数词前要用the。 基变序,有规律,first,second,third 要牢记。th从四起,ve要用f替,8少t, 9 减e,ty变为tie。几十几也容易各位序数要牢记。 高频考点二:基数词常考的用法归纳 高频考点三:表示编号,年代,年龄,年月日,时刻的考点归纳 高频考点三:表示编号,年代,年龄,年月日,时刻的考点归纳 【典例1】【重庆市2015年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题(A卷)】Helen loves reading. She has read _ books this month.A. fiveB. fifthC. five ofD. fifth of 【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:Helen喜欢阅读,这个月她已经读了五本书了。five 五;fifth第五;five of中的五个,后跟名词;fifth of中的第五个。根据句意可知,Helen这个月已经读了五本书了,应该用基数词,故应选A。【考点定位】考查数词。【典例2】【四川省资阳市2015年中考英语试题】 Come on, baby. We have already done _ of the work.A. two-threeB. two-thirdC. two-thirdsD. second-three【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:来吧,宝贝。我们已经完成了工作的三分之二。在英语中,分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数形式。所以选C。【考点定位】考查数词。【典例3】【湖南省张家界市2015年中考英语试题】A quarter to four is _.A. 3:15 B. 3:45 C. 4:15【答案】B来源:Zxxk.Com【解析】试题分析:句意:差一刻钟到四点怎样写?分钟+past/to+小时的具体用法是:分钟30,用past;分钟>30,用介词to,前面的分算成差多少分到下一个整点(也就是:60-分),后面的时是下一个整点(也就是:时+1)。A quarter to four 中用的介词to,说明分是:差一刻钟到整点,即:60-15=45分;时要少1,即:4-13。所以时间是:3:45,故选B。【考点定位】考查数词。解题技能2015年中考命题要点强化与新题预测数词 中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点: 1 基数词和序数词的用法; 2日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法; 3分数的表达;4hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法。1年模拟1.【山东省济南市2015届九年级学业水平模拟考试英语试题】There are _ students in our class, twenty-two boys and eighteen girls.A. fourth B. forty C. fourteen D. four2.【2015年广东省汕头市潮南区初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】 people were worried because Malaysia Airlines Flight M370 , with more than passengers and crew, was missing on March 8 , 2014.A. 3 million; 2 hundreds of B. Millions of ; 2 hundreds来源:Zxxk.ComC. 3 millions of ; hundred of D. Millions of ; 2 hundred3.【广东省汕头市金平区2015年中考模拟英语试题】- _ Haojiang Peach Blossom(桃花) Festival took place in late February. Did you go there?- Yes. I took the No. 36 bus and then a _ walk to Ju Feng Temple.A. The seventh; 20-minuteB. The seven; 20-minuteC. The seventh, 20 minutesD. The seven; 20 minutes4.【山东省济南市历城区2015届九年级模拟考试英语试题】 What day is it today?Its Monday, and its my birth May is the month of a year. A.fifty B.fifteen C.fifth D.five5.【山西农业大学附属中学2015届九年级3月单元测试英语试题】It is reported that people in the world are suffering from the HlNl flu.A.ten thousands B.thousands ofC.several thousands of