2021 年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套).docx

2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)PartIWriting(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshopbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.C)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.B)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)Toidentifythereasonsforthelionsdisappearance.C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions.7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lionstracks.D)TrapssetbylocalhuntersSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Herluckybirthday.C)Herweddinganniversary.B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.10.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.11.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouplesholidaytrip.B)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplesholidayturnsout.D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouplesholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.B)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.D)Theytaketherivalsattitudeintoaccount.13.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.15.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sstrategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.C)Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.D)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,hesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucantcontrol,hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“Thereremanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,Hayflicksaid. “Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease?A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.C)Theycancontributetopeopleshealthonlytoalimitedextent.D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeoplesagingprocess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.StudiesshowtheyrealsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentIveeverhad,saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversitysLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthatsclearlysolidpraise,butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanout-standinglettersofrecommendation.“We'renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?A)Raiserecommendationwritersawarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininreaserachwork.C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomensstatusinacademiccircles.PartTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有很多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。参考答案：PartIWriting：Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipwillmakelearningandteachingenjoyableandinteresting.Bothteachersandstudentsshouldmakeeffortstobuildaharmoniousrelationship.Ontheonehand,theteacherplaysanessentialroleinsettingupagoodteacher-studentrelationship.Theteachershouldmotivatethestudentsandleadthemtobeinterestedinlearning.Agoodteachershouldbepatient,kindlyandstrict.Tookindlyortoostrictcanbebothharmful.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsshouldrespecttheirteachers,andpaymoreattentioninclasstolearnhowtosolveproblems.Itsimportanttolearntoraisequestionsandworkoutproblemsinnewways.Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipbenefitsboththeteachersandthestudents,soitsvitalforthemtowordharder.PartIIListeningComprehension1.B)Herlittlebrother.2.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.3.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.4.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.6.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions.7.B)Lionstracks.8.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.10.B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.11.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouplesholidayturnsout.12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.13.B)Theyknowwhentostop.14.C)Theylearnquickly.15.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.16.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.19.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.21.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.22.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.23.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.24.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)26.G)exposure27.L)levels28.F)enroll29.O)participated30.C)championships31.E)developing32.M)local33.N)operates34.I)feeding35.B)career36H)tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon'tknow.37.D).accordingtoleslie,curiosityisessentialtoonessuccess.38.O)weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledgessake39M)politicalleaders'lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40.B)thereareoftenaccusationsabout.politiciansandthemediaslackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth41.L)thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.k)itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.J)abookshopascuriosityeadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.G)boththeriseoftheinternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople'sdecliningcuriosity.45.F)mankindwouldn'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.46-50：BADCA51-55:CCBDD46.whatdovelieveaboutaging?b)theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutIt47.howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?a)mightbepreventedandtreated