【大学】大学英语语法英语专业必看.docx

【大学】大学英语语法英语专业必看【关键字】大学1.NounIdentifytheuncountablenouns?1.Nounsthathavenodistinct,separateparts,welookasthewhole(气、液、固体)?2.Nounsthathavepartsthataretoosmallorinsignificanttocount(sandgrasshair)?3.Nounsthatareclassesorcategoriesofthings(food,clothing,money)P49?4.Nounsthatareabstraction(life,work,music)?5.Subjectsofstudy(history,math)不可数变可数三大规律?1.物质名词(总称名词)若表示不同的种类，或者表示特定的意思，或者是液体名词表示“几杯或“几瓶这样的数量时。?2.抽象名词若是详细化，则可数。与此相反，可数转化为不可数。?3.当一个名词表示抽象、总称的概念，则为不可数，当一个名词表示详细、特定的事物，则为可数。物质名词/总称名词变可数?1.总称名词详细化?A:Wouldyoulikeacake?B:No.Idontlikecake.?2.物质名词变意思?Ineedsomepaper./Iboughtapaper.?3.液体物质名词表数量?Twobeersandthreecoffees,please.抽象名词变可数?Art(anart)/beauty(abeauty)/youth(ayouth)?Eg.1.Youthisnotatimeoflife.Itisastateofmind.?2.WhenasachildIlaughedandwepttimecrept.?WhenasayouthIdreamedandtalked-timewalked.2ArticlesSpecificreference-the?1.特指是针对交际双方来讲的?2.特指就是根据讲话者和听话者共有的知识，或根据上下文，能够识别的事物。?3.讲话者用the是想要听话者找到双方心中都知道的所知，而听话者一方“断定或“复原所指对象的方法有多种。?1.Situational/culturalreference?Eg.AlbertEinstein,thefamousphysicist.?2.textualco-reference?anaphoricreference(前指&?cataphoricreference后指?1.generalknowledge(thesun,themoon,theNorthPole,theEquator,theuniverse,theRenaissance,thePope罗马教皇?2.specificknowledge/localuse(letsgotothelibrary)?3.immediatesituation(Therosesareverybeautiful.Canyoufindthepage?大概冠词泛指与非泛指a/an+uncountablenoun?AwashingpowderIvefoundtobeextremelygoodis“Tide.种类?Ilikeabeerplease.一杯?Aglass/aniron意变Conditionswhen“oneisbetter?1.强调数量“一时用one(oneonly),?C:whenwilltheybeready?A:theytakeaweek.C:Oneweek,right,thanks.?2.用于准确的对照数字?Twokilosofflourandonelitterofwater.?3.讲故事中用one,强调人或事作为将要讲到的话题?ThereisoneplacewegotowhichisaMexicanrestaurant,andtheyhadahappy?hourbetween5:30and7:30.Conditionswhen“a/anisbetter?1.类指意义的a/an不能换one?Ashotgunisnogood.?2.表示度量的a/an不能换one?Therentis$100aweek.?3.表示数量的固定搭配a/an不能换one?Afew,agreatmany,alargenumberof用不用冠词的意义区别?1.家具生活类：at(the)table,in(the)bed?2.处所、建筑物或社会机构：goto(the)prison,in/at(the)church,in(the)hospital?3.关于上学：class,school,college,university,desk?4.关于sea:goto/at/by(the)sea?5.抽象总称意义与详细特指意义:time,red,day,place,question,etc使用冠词的场合?1.形容词或副词的最高级、序数词以及only用作形容词加名词连用时，一般用the.?Theonly/bestwaytocopewiththeproblem.?2.乐器、乐团、合唱团及流行音乐团体前加the?TheBeatles/PhiladelphiaOrchestra/piano?3.the与姓氏连用?TheSmiths,theBushes其他不用冠词的场合?1.关于职业、身份或头衔?2.关于球类、棋类运动(不加冠词?3.特殊名词(nature,society,history,man,space)?4.关于星期?5.关于四季?6.关于昼夜各阶段(by,at,after,before)?7.关于进餐(有adj则加the?8.关于交通工具by后不加，其他时候要加?9.关于通讯工具by后不加，其他时候要加?10.平行构造?关于职业、身份或头衔1.唯一无二头衔在表语位置?Johnis(the)captainoftheteam?2.唯一无二头衔在主语补足语位置?HewaselectedPresidentthesecondtime.?3.唯一无二头衔在宾语补足语位置?WeelectedHenrychairman.?4.唯一无二头衔在同位语位置?ElizabethII,QueenofEngland特殊名词?Ifyoudestroynatureyoullsufferfromit.(泛指自然界)?Societyturnspeopleintocriminals.(社会)?Manhastakenhisfirststepintospace.(泛指星球之间的空间)?Mancanconquernature,(泛指人类)?Historymayrepeatitself.(泛指人类整个历史)此文档是由网络采集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！