在英语句中倒装句.docx

在英语句中倒装句在英语句中，语序有两种：一是正常语序又叫自然语序即主语在前，谓语在后，这也是我们在学习英语各大从句所要求的，也是符合汉语语言思维的。另一种是倒装语序即谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语的前面，这是由于在进行白话或书面沟通经过中表达的需要，要么平衡句子，语法构造的需要；要么行文需要强调以加强表达效果，或者二者兼而有之。比方：DoyouspeakEnglish?这是英语中最常见的倒装语序。英语的一般疑问句就是通过把谓语的一部分提到主语前面而到达疑问的目的而汉语则是陈述句后加“吗？；日语通过加“力'；又比方：Growingonbothsidesoftheroadarefruittrees.Gonearedayswhenwomenweretreatedassecondcitizens.都是比拟典型的例句。还有，在写作中同学们喜欢用“Onlyinthiswaycanwepreventthiskindofdiseasefromspreading.来作总结句以提高表达效果。因而，倒装句作为非正常句值得研究。下面我们就探究一下它内在的规律：倒装句分为部分倒装和完全倒装两种。部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分置于主语前即助动词do,does,did,have,had)，be动词或者具有助动词功能的词如can,may等情态动词。完全倒装则是谓语全部置于主语前。如：Herecomesthebus.一.部分倒装1.当only+状语从句置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。注意：必须能清楚“状语的概念1).OnlyonceinhistoryhasthesamemanheldthetwohighofficesofPresidentandChiefJusticeoftheUnitedStates.历史上只要一次，同一个人拥有美国的总统和最高法官这两个高级职务。once副词“一次2).Onlyinthatwaywillwebereadyforthechallengesandopportunitiesinlife.只要这样我们才能保证本人对生活中的挑战和机遇有充分的准备。(inthisway介词短语“用这种方法3).Onlywithcombinationofconsideration,courageandconfidencecanwegetoveranydifficulty.因而，只要把考虑、勇气和自信心这三者结合起来，我们才能战胜一切困难。(withcombinationofconsideration,courageandconfidence介词短语)4).Onlyifthecaseisurgentshouldyoucalloutthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.只要患者情况紧急时，你才能够在半夜叫医生看病。(ifthecaseisurgent是条件状语从句2.当否认副词或具有否认意义的介词短语或从句位于句首时，主句句子为部分倒装语序。这类的副词以及短语有：seldom,rarely,scarcely,little,no,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,innocase等。e.g1)Nolongerwasshesogentle,sorelaxedandeasy-going.她不再这样温顺、这样轻松、这样容易相处了。2)Littledidtheyknowthewonderfulsurprisethatwasinstoreforthem!对于正在等待着他们的惊奇，他们则知之甚少。3)Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet,beautifulplace.这样一个平静、优美的地方你到哪儿找去呀。4)BynomeansshallImisunderstandyou.我决不会误解你。5)Atnotimeshouldwegiveupstudythoughwehavemadegreatprogress.尽管我们已经获得很大进步，但是，也不应该停止学习。注意：要熟练把握并运用下面4个经典句型：Notonly.butalso.,Notuntil.,.Nosooner.than.,HardlyScarcely.when.1)NotuntilyearslaterdidIrealizethatPeterBeatushadgivenmeamoreimportantgift.直到几年之后我才意识到皮特?贝特斯送给我的是一件愈加重要的礼物。2)ScarcelyhadIarrivedwhenhecameouttomeetme.我刚一到他就出来迎接我。(注意：主句的过去完成时态3)Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.他一到她就开场抱怨。4)NotonlywillAustraliansnevertrytowipeoutflies,butalsotheywillprotectthemastheyprotectotheranimals.澳大利亚人不但从不消灭苍蝇，而且还会像保护其它动物那样去保护它们。3.So修饰形容词或者副词，such修饰名词并位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。1SoconvincedwasIofthatwoman'sbeinghermotherthatIwantednoevidencetoestablishthefactinmymind.那位妇女是她的母亲，这一点我坚信不疑，心里也不想再找任何证据来证实这个事实。2SuchanoisewastherethatIcouldn'tworkintheroom.房间里噪音这么大，我没法工作。3Sotiredwasheafterawholeday'shardworkthathecouldhardlystand.经过一整天的辛苦劳动，他累得几乎站不住了。4Somuchdidtheyeatthattheycouldnotmoveforthenexthour.他们吃得过多了，一个小时都动弹不得。假如讲以上3种倒装都发生在主句里，那么下面两种却在从句中进行而且各具特点。4.as引导的倒装句:as作“固然解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提早的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提早的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may,might,will,would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时可以像as这样使作倒装。如：1TiredasIwas,Itriedtohelpthem.固然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。tiredadj.作表语2Tryashewould,hecouldn'topenthedoor.他试太多次了,却仍打不开那门。tryvi.)3Searchastheywould,theywouldfindnobodyinthehouse.无论如何搜寻，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。4Hardas(though)theytried,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.(hardadv.努力地5Boyashewas,hebehavedlikeagirl.他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。boy前省略冠词5.If引导的虚拟条件句中，引导词if的省略。假如在条件句中有助动词should,were和had,省略引导词if，把助动词提早。1WereIateacher(=ifIwereateacher),whatwouldyoudothen?2Hadwemadeadequatepreparations(=ifwehadmade),thepartywouldhavebeenasuccess.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youmighthavepassedthetest.改写：_.IfIwereabillionaire,Iwouldbuyyouavilla.假如我是亿万富翁，我就给你买别墅。改写：_Ifitshouldraintomorrow，wewouldn'tgotothesea.改写：_.注意：在下列句子中"should"表示“万一，仍然能够进行“if的省略倒装。Shouldyoubeinterested(ifyouare),Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.Shouldyouneedanyhelp(=ifyouneedanyhelp),youcanalwaysphonemeattheoffice.以上是对倒装句部分倒装五大经典构造的分析与讲明，使用时可根据本人的学习情况填充更丰富的内容.稳固练习：1.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.Irealized2.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou3.Nosooner_tothestation_thetrainleft.A.hadIgot，whenB.Ihadgot，thanC.hadIgot，thanD.didIget，when4._today,hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave5.Neverinmylife_suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee6._，Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch7._theexpense，I_toItaly.A.Ifitwerenot，goB.Wereitnotfor，wouldgoC.Weren'titfor，willgoD.Ifithadn'tbeen，wouldhavegone8.So_inthedarknessthathedidn'tdaretomoveaninch.A.hewasfrightenedB.washefrightenedC.frightenedhewasD.frightenedwashe9.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain_itsmainidea.A.thatIknowB.didIknowC.IcouldknowD.Ididknow10.Soexcited_thathecouldn'tsayaword.A.heseemedB.didheseemC.washeseemingD.hedidlook11._Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunaroundagain.A.HadB.IfC.unlessD.when12.Little_whenItookthetripwhereitwouldleadme.A.haveIknownB.hadIknownC.doIknowD.didIknow13.Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore？-_.A.No，IneverhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeB.No，neverIhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeC.No，neverhaveIseenanythinglikethatbeforeD.No，Ihaveseenanythinglikethatbeforenever14._，Iwouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.A.WereIyouB.WasIyouC.HadIbeenyouD.WouldIbeyou15.Notonly_apromise，butalsohekeptit.A.didhemakeB.hemadeC.doeshemakeD.hashemade16.Notonce_theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchange17.Notuntilhearrivedhome_hefindthatthiswallethadbeenstolen.A.didB.wouldC.whenD.that18.Nowhereelseintheworld_cheapertailoring裁缝业thaninHongKong.A.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindC.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound19._succeedindoinganything.A.OnlybyworkinghardwecanB.ByonlyworkinghardwecanC.OnlywecanbyworkinghardD.Onlybyworkinghardcanwe20._thatweallwentout，lyinginthesun.A.SofinewastheweatherB.SowasthefineweatherC.TheweatherwassofinewasD.Sotheweatherwasfine21._aniceman_thatweallbelievehim.A.So,didheseemB.So,heseemedC.Such,heseemedD.Such,didheseem22._,heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.A.TryashedoesB.AshetriesC.TryasdoesheD.Astryhedoes23.Socarelessly_thathealmostkilledhimself.A.hedrivesB.doeshedriveC.didhedriveD.hedrove24.Little_abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.hecaresD.doeshecare25.Nosooner_theyrushedoutintothestreet.A.didtheyhearthenewsthanB.didtheyhearthenewswhenC.hadtheyheardthenewsthanD.hadtheyheardthenewswhen26.Littlewonder_uptheirhandsindismay.A.havesomethrownB.somehavethrownC.thrownsomehaveD.havethrownsome27._,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretostudyB.IfhestudiedhardC.HadhestudiedhardD.Shouldhestudyhard28.Wewereluckyenough,fornosooner_home_itrained.A.wereturned，andB.wehadreturned，whenC.didwereturn，whenD.hadwereturned，than29.Solittle_agreeontheplanthattheycouldnotsettletheirdifference.A.didtheyB.dotheyC.theydidD.theydidnot30._herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlydiditgrowdarkwhenC.ItwasnotuntildarkthatD.Itwasuntildarkthat31.Jimmywassonervousnotasingleword_downinthedictation.A.hewroteB.hewaswrittenC.didhewriteD.washewritten32_understandingthechallengesfacedbytheworld'spoorestpeoplecanweexpectanewfuturefreeofextremepovertyandhunger.A.OnB.ThroughC.OnlyD.Onlyby33._helikesphysics,helikesmathematicsbetter.A.MuchasB.AsmuchC.SomuchD.Moreas34.So_areyouthatyouaredoubtfulofeveryone'swords,whichisnotgoodtoyourhealth.A.sensibleB.contentC.sensitiveD.impressive35.Rarelyhadtheyseatedthemselveshurriedlyinthetheater_thecurtainwentup.A.thanB.whenC.assoonasD.before二.全部倒装在下面几种情况下，需把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装：(1)在Therebe/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如：Look,there'sthatbookshopIwastellingyouabout.Longagotherelivedakingwithhisthreelovelydaughters.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描绘情景而采用倒装语序。此时，句子多用一般如今时或一般过去时。例如：Theregoesthephone.I'llanswerit.Therecomesthebus!Suddenly,incameamanwithamaskonhisface.(3)Such作表语置于句首时。例如：SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury'sgreatestscientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。例如：“Ifyoudie,whowillgetyourmoney?askedHolmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语开始的句子。Inthecenterofthesquarestandsamonument.Onthebackwallhangsaportrait.Insidethepyramidsareburialroomsforthekingsandqueens。 (6)为平衡句子构造，或使上下文衔接严密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。例如：GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.Seatedonthegrassareagroupofstudents.Lyingaboutonthefloorarebooksandmagazines.三.省略倒装当表示前面所讲的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也是。例如：TimeshavechangedandsohaveI.Evesverytall,aswashermother.(6)当neither,nor位于句首，表示前面否认的内容也适用与另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也不。例如：Theycouldntunderstanditatthetime,andnorcouldwe.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were、had、should提到主语前面时。例如：Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,weshouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.四.精典名题导解1.(2020上海)Somuchofinterest_thatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.A.offersBeijingB.BeijingoffersC.doesBeijingofferD.Beijingdoesoffer考点解析：题干为sothat句式，因so位于句首，因而主句采用部分倒装语序。最佳答案为C。2.(2020陕西)Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew_repairingandcleaningit.A.hestoppedB.didhestopC.stoppedheD.hedidstop考点解析：题干中含有not.until.。.句式，而且not+until从句位于句首，因而主句采用部分倒装语序。最佳答案为B。3.(2020辽宁)BillwasnthappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and_.A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI考点解析：前句为否认句，下句不是前句的情况适用于另一主语，因而应用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，最佳答案为B。4.(2020重庆)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly_howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize考点解析：因Only+when状语从句位于句首，因而主句应采用部分倒装语序，最佳答案为D。5.(2020年郑州市高中毕业班第一次质量预测)Howdidyouenjoyyourvisit?-_inmylifehadIreceivedsuchgoodservicefromanybusiness.A.FewB.NeverC.OnlyD.None考点解析：根据题干中hadIreceived谓语采用倒装的信息，可判定空白处填副词Never，最佳答案为B。6.(江西省重点中学协作体2020届高三第一次联考)Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftthehousewithoutturningoffthecooker.MyGod!。A.SowereyouB.SowasIC.SodidID.SoIdid考点解析：答语中的MyGod!暗示讲话人同意上句的内容，因而空白处填SoIdid，表示“天那，我真是(太粗心)。最佳答案为D。7.(2020年江西省南昌市高三调研测试卷)Neverbeforeingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas考点解析：因含否认意义的词语Never位于句首，因而谓语需用部分倒装语序，句中含副词before多用如今完成时，因而最佳答案为A。8.Soonthesoldiersreachedafarmhouse,infrontof_satasmallboy.A.itB.whichC.thereD.where【考点解析】句意：很快兵士们就到了一个农舍，农舍前坐着一个男孩。逗号后面的部分是个倒装句，由于是逗号将两个句子隔开空格部分就需要一个连词，所以选择B关系代词which正好解决这个问题。此题可以改成：Soonthesoldiersreachedafarmhouse,andinfrontofitsatasmallboy.9.Hereisanotebook,inwhich_thenamesoftheclassrooms.A.werewrittenB.waswrittenC.wroteD.written【考点解析】句意：这里有个笔记本，上面写着同学们的名字。逗号后面为倒装了的定语从句。应选A。1.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.Irealized2.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou3.Ifyoudon'tgo，neither_.A.shallIB.doIC.IdoD.Ishall4.Nosooner_tothestation_thetrainleft.A.hadIgot，whenB.Ihadgot，thanC.hadIgot，thanD.didIget，when5.-Yourfatherisverystrictwithyou._.Heneverletsoffasinglemistakeofours.A.SoheisB.SoisheC.HeissoD.Sodoeshe6._today，hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Neverinmylife_suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee8.-Here_!WhereisXiaoLiu?There_.A.comesthebus，isheB.comesthebus,heisC.thebuscomes，isheD.thebuscomes，heis9._，Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch10.-Ilikefootball.Idon'tlikevolleyball._.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoitiswithmeD.Soisitwithme11._theexpense，I_toItaly.A.Ifitwerenot，goB.Wereitnotfor，wouldgoC.Weren'titfor，willgoD.Ifithadn'tbeen，wouldhavegone12.So_inthedarknessthathedidn'tdaretomoveaninch.A.hewasfrightenedB.washefrightenedC.frightenedhewasD.frightenedwashe13.-Inmodemtimes，girlslikebeautifulclothes.Yes,_and.Afterall,ourlifehasgreatlyimproved.A.sodothey，sodoyouB.sotheydo，soyoudoC.sodothey，soyoudoD.sotheydo,sodoyou12下一页