（蝴蝶梦）文中悬念手法赏析.docx

（蝴蝶梦）文中悬念手法赏析 AbstractSuspenseisanimportantelementofwriting.Itsspecialfeature,astheEnglishdramatist,WilliamArchillsaid,topredictaveryattractivestateofaffairswithouttellingitout.Onsuspensesforming,theEnglishcritic,DavidLodgehasincisiverecapitulation,Tosetforthaquestionandpostponetheanswer.Tobeexactly,thatis,tostressamain,unusualsituation.Andthereisenoughtimeandspaceleftforreaderstoimagine.DaphneduMaurierbringsskillofsuspenseintofullplayinhermostfamousnovelRebecca.Init;shesetsforthaseriesofsuspense,includingbothfull-textsuspenseandpartialsuspense.Moreover,smallersuspensehavemutualrelationsinoramongeachlevel.Thiskindofarrangementnotonlybecausethemotiveforcewhichhelpstheplotsdevelopbutalsodrawreaderstoreadandguesswhatisinthenextstep.ThisarticleexpoundsthespecialskillusingaseriesofsuspenseinRebeccaanditsartisticeffects.Andthen，thenovelsdesign.KeyWordsRebecca;suspense;Manderley;implications.【摘要】悬念是一种独特的文学构造形式,其重要特征,用英国戏剧理论家威廉阿契尔的话讲,就是预示出一种特别吸引人的事态,却不把它预叙出来.对于悬念的构成,英国现代小讲批评家戴维洛奇曾作过精辟的概括,即提出问题，延缓提供答案.详细而言,就是突出不同寻常的情境并延缓批露底细,使其呈明显的悬而未决的状态.达夫妮杜穆里埃在（蝴蝶梦）(原名（吕蓓卡）)中充分发挥悬念这一独特的文学构造形式的优势,设置了一系列悬念,这些悬念不仅成为推动故事情节发展的内在动力,而且极大地刺激读者的浏览兴趣,给读者带来了独特的审美感觉.本文从构造上讨论作品别具匠心的悬念艺术,以助于更好的欣赏作品中的悬念。此外，从创作手法的角度分析了文中一系列悬念手法产生的非同一般的艺术效果，指出这种手法在全文篇章构造中的重要作用。【关键词】（吕蓓卡）;悬念；曼陀丽；暗示1.IntroductionTheEnglishfemalewriter,DaphneduMarriehadbeenamemberoftheRoyalSocietyofLiterature.Shehadwritten17novelsandtriedmorethan20kindsofstylesinliteratureswriting,DaphnelivedinCornwall,acountryontheAtlanticcoast,NorthEngland,foralongtime.Mostofherworkssetbackgroundinthelocalconditionsandcustoms.Asaresult,CornwallNovelisgivenasanameforherworks.BeingdeeplyinfluencedbyGothicNovel,whichisfamousforitsmystery,curiousnessandterror,Daphnewroteherworkswithplotsfulloftwistsandturning.AnyonewhohasreadRebecca,themostfamousnovelwrittenbyDaphne,willneverforgetthosedismalandconstrainedscenesandhorribleimaginations.However,thespecificfeatureofthisnovelisitsusinglotsofsuspensecarriedthroughthewholestory.Thishasmadeitsplotsintricatebutwell-knitandsoulstirring.Addtothis,AlfredHitchcockfilmedRebeccain20thcentury,consideredasoneofthewell-knownsuspensefilms.Suspenseisanimportantskillofwriting.Itisalsoansingulardesignofliteraturewriting.Itsspecialfeature,astheEnglishdramatist,WilliamArchillsaid,topredictaveryattractivestateofaffairswithouttellingitout.6Usually,itsetsforthaquestionandpostponestheanswer.Tobemoreexactly,thatis,tostressamain,unusualsituation.Andthereisenoughtimeandspaceleft.Thereasonofcausingthesituationdoesntappearatonce.Inthisnovel,Rebecca,thereare3levelsofsuspense.Intheopeningsentencesofthebook,Manderleyisnoticed.Thelinesofdescribingtheheroinesdreamarefullofmisgivingsandmystic.AsIstoodthere,hushedandstill,Icouldswearthatthehousewasnotanemptyshellbutlivedandbreathedasithadlivedbefore.4(P7)Acloud,hithertounseen,cameuponthemoon,andhoveredaninstantlikeadarkhandbeforeaface.4(P7)Thehousewasasepulcher,ourfearandsufferinglayburiedintheruins.Therewouldbenoresurrection.WhenIthoughtofManderleyinmywakinghours.Iwouldnotbebitter.4(P7)ThenIcometotherealityfromdream.IamthinkingaboutManderleyandallhappenedinitthatcannothurt.Thesewordshaveputforwardthefirstsuspense,thatis,whatastoryhappenedinsucharuined,barrengarden?WhoisI?Itcatchesreaderseyesatonce.Therefore,theyarehastenedtogofurtherintothestory,intothestoryaboutmylifeexperienceinManderley.2.Thefirstlevelofsuspense:Rebeccaisagoodwifewithbrains,beauty,andbreeding?!2.1PhoneyThisisthemainsuspense,whichgoesthroughthewholestory.Inthestory,theheroineandreadersarementionedtimetotimethatRebeccaisagoodwifewhoisbelovedbyMaxim.Mrs.VanHoppersaid,Helooksill,doesnthe?Theysayhecantgetoverhiswifesdeath4(P15)TheManderleypartieswerefamouswhenshewasalive,2(P64)Thebishopswifesaid,(Rebecca)shewasaverylovelycreature,sofulloflife.Shewascertainlyverygifted.Icanseehernow,standingatthefootofthestairsonthenightoftheball,shakinghandswithevery-body,thatcloudofdarkhairagainsttheverywhiteskin,andhercostumesuitedhertoo,Yes,shewasverybeautiful.4(P131)AndinMrs.Danverseyes,MaximcouldnotlivewithoutRebecca.Afterherdeath,hecantgotosleep;hemovesawayfromthebedroomandtravelsoutforalongtimeinordertogetoverit.EvenforMaximsgrandmother,Rebeccahasmadeagreatfussofher.TheoldladyhasneverforgottenherandasksforRebeccaallthetime.AlltheseseemsthatRebeccaisakind,generous,elegantwoman,aperfectwife.Peoplearoundthetownknowherwellandallpraiseherevenwhensheisdead.Rebeccahasagiftofsmartness;shemastersherpower,financesandresourcestorunManderleyintothemostfamousshowplaceinallthecountry.Sheisdamnablyclever.Noonewouldguessmeetingherthatshewasnotthekindest;mostgenerous,mostgenerous,mostgiftedpersonintheworld.Sheknewexactlywhattosaytodifferentpeople,howtomatchhermoodtotheirs.Hadshemetyou,shewouldhavewalkedoffintothegardenwithyou,arminarm,callingtoJasper,chattingaboutflowers,music,painting,whateversheknewtobeyourparticularhobby.Andyouwouldhavebeentakenin,liketherest.Youwouldhavesatatherfeetandworshippedher.4(P283-P284)ThisisMaximsdescriptionofhiswife,Rebecca.2.2TruthAndRebeccadoessucceed,orwewouldrathersay,Daphnedoessucceed.Daphneusedpeoplesactionsandwordstosetupsuspense.Infact,Rebeccaisjustcompletelyopposedtheimpressionbeingfelt.ThingsarethatRebeccaisadebauchee.Shewasvicious,damnable,rottenthroughandthrough.4(P283)SheknowsMaximsdisadvantageandhasmadegooduseofit.SheknowsthatMaximwillneverstandinadivorcecourtandgiveheraway,havefingerspointingat,mugflungRebeccawouldcursepeople,usingeveryfilthywordinherparticularvocabulary.Rebeccadoeswhatshelikes,shelives,asshelikes.Shesticksabigbruteofhorse,slashingathim,drawingblood,anddiggingthespursintothehorse.ShesitsonthehillsaboveMonteCarlo,laughing,andtearflowersintofragments.Sheislikethedevil.Sheseducesallkindsofman,evenhishusbandsbrotherin-law.Evenwhenshehasgotacancer,sheinveiglesherhusbandintoamurderer!2.3HintsThoughwehaventknownthetruthtillChapter21,thewriterhassethints.Whenwefinishreadingwewillbecomeawareofitandlookbackthewholestory.2.3.1MaximsattitudeYes,firstly,wefindthatMaximdoesntwelcometopicseitheraboutManderleyorhisdeadwifewhenhefirstappearsinMonteCarlo.WhenMrs.VanHopperpraisesManderleyasafairyland,(Maxim)hewentonsmokinghiscigarette,andInoticedfaintasgossamer,thelinebetweenhisbrows.4(P19)Hissilencenowwaspainful.Hisownwordsmusthavejoltedamemoryforhisfacecloudedagainandhefrownedveryslightly.4(P20)Allthisindicatesthathehassomethingunhappyhappenedinhishome,Manderley,theremustbesomebittermemory.Onhiswife,Rebecca,Maximsaysasbelow:Allmemoriesarebitter,andIprefertoignorethem.Somethinghappenedayearagothatalteredmywholelife,andIwanttoforgeteveryphaseinmyexistenceupthattime.Thosedaysarefinished.Theyareblottedout.Imustbeginlivingalloveragain.4(P43)Iwastheresomeyearsago,withmywife.Youaskedmeifitwasstillthesame,ifithadchangedatall.Itwasjustthesame,butIwasthankfultorealizeoddlyimpersonal.Therewasnoquestionoftheothertime.SheandIhadleftnorecord.4(P43)SuchsentencesshowMaximsunhappylifewithhisfirstwifeRebecca.2.3.2OthersoddmannerSecondly,FranksoddmannerwhenItalkaboutRebecca;andBeatricesratherdifferentnegativeattitude.Thesilenceisasilencebornofshameandembarrassment.Franksays,Wenoneofuswanttobringbackthepast.Maximleastofall.Anditsuptoyou,youknow,toleadusawayfromit.Nottotakeusbackagain.4(P141)Readersmayalittlehesitatewhentheycametothis.WhydoesFranksayso?Well,isntthepastgoodenoughforthem?Afterall,theirhostessisalmostperfect.Therefore,thecuriositydrivesusgoonreading.Thereseemsamist.Wehaveaneggertolookthroughittothecore.ThatiswhatsuspenseskillusedperfectlybyDaphne.Shegivesusadream,andallofusgetdrowninit.Thegreatwriterhandlesourinquisitivenessskillfully.2.3.3RebeccashandwritingRebeccashandwritinghasgivenusalotofimplications.ItgivesusaninklingthatwhatapersonRebeccais.Sheisstrong,proud,independent,debauched,likeademon.MaximfromRebecca17may,writteninacuriousslantinghand.Alittleblobofinkmarredthewhitepageopposite,asthoughthewriter,inimpatience,hadshakenherpentomaketheinkflowfreely.Andthenasitbubbledthroughthenib,itcamealittlethick,sothatthenameRebeccastoodoutblackandstrong,thetallandslopingRdwarfingtheotherletters.4(P37)Theysleptinpeace,thegrassblewovertheirgraves.Howalivewasherwritingthough,howfullofforce.Thosecurious,slopingletters.Theblobofink.4(P62.)2.3.4TheunusualrhododendronTherhododendron,whichDaphnedescribesinthisnovel,isnotjustakindofflower.Insomesense,itisthecharacterofRebecca,bloody,cruel.IthascreatedanatmosphereofconstrainedandterrorthatshadesMaximssecondmarriage.Thenamelessshrubshaddisappeared,andneithersideofuswasawallofcolor,blood-red,reachingfaraboveourheads.Wewereamongsttherhododendrons.Therewassomethingbewildering,evenshocking,aboutthesuddennessoftheirdiscovery.Thewordshadnotpreparedmeforthem.Theystartledmewiththeircrimsonfaces,massedoneupontheotherinincredibleprofusion,showingnoleaf,noturning,nothingbuttheslaughterhousered,lusciousandfantastic,unlikeanyrhododendronplantIhadseenbefore.4(P70)Rebeccaconsidersrhododendronasherfavor.Bloody-redflowersarelikesomethingflowinginRebeccasbone.Sheisdyingforwipingoutsomething,especiallyman.Shewantstoconquereverything.Itseemsthatshegetsalotofpleasurefromdallyingwithallkindsofman;nomatterheisintheupperclassoragardener!Shetriesallherbesttosatisfyherlustforsexual.Butshelaughsateverybodyandfearsnothing.Fortome,arhododendronwasahomely,domesticthing,strictlyconventional,mauveorpinkincolor,standingonebesidetheotherinaneatroundbed.Andtheseweremonsters,rearingtotheskymassedlikeabattalion,toobeautifulIthought,toopowerful;theywerenotplantsatall.4(P70)Yes,thoserhododendronsinManderleyarenotplantsatall,asRebeccaseemstobenohumanatall.JustasMaximdescribes,sheisnotevennormal.AndMrs.Danverssaid,shewerebornintotheworldtotakewhatshecouldoutofit.Rebeccahadallthecourageandspiritofaboy.Sheoughttohavebeenaboyinsteadofagirl.Shedidwhatsheliked;shelivedassheliked.Shehadthestrengthofalittleliontoo.Irememberheratsixteengettingupononeofherfathershorses,abigbruteofananimaltoo,thatthegroomsaiditwastoohotforhertoride.Shestucktohim,allright.Icanseehernow,withherhairflyingoutbehindher,slashingathim,drawingblood,diggingthespursintohisside,andwhenshegotoffhisback,hewastremblingallover,fulloffrothandblood.4(P254)ThisdescriptionsuggestsRebeccawell:wanton;cruelandsly.2.3.5BenswordsBesides,theidiotBensactionalsoshowsRebeccashoof.BenhasbeenfrightenedbadlybyRebeccajustbecauseheseesherwantoninthecottage.(Ben)Heheldthefishingclineclutchedtohisheartlikeatreasure.You(I)wontputmetotheasylum,willyou?hesaid.Youarenotliketheotherone,hesaid.Whatdoyoumean?Isaid,whatotherone?Heshookhishead.Hiseyeswereslyagain.Helaidhisfingeragainsthisnose.Tallanddarkshewas,hesaid,shegaveyouthefeelingofasnake.Ihadseenherherewithmyowneyes.Benightshedcome.Iseenher.Hepaused,watchingmeintently.Ididntsayanything.Ilookedinonheronce.Hesaid,andsheturnonme,shedid.Youdontknowme,doyou?shesaid.Youhaveneverseenmehere,andyouwontagain.IfIcatchyoulookingatmethroughthewindowshere,Illhaveyouputtotheasylum.Shesaid.Youwouldntlikethat,wouldyou?Theyarecrueltopeopleintheasylum.Shesaid.4(P263)3.Thesecondlevelofsuspense:Rebeccasdeath-accident?Suicide?Ormurder?Inthefrontofthenovel,wegetmessagefromMrs.VanHoppersmouththatRebeccaisdrownednearbythebayofManderley.So,itisanaccident?Maybenot.IfonlysheandMaximwereanaffectionatecouple.Andaswehaveanalyzedthefirstlevelofsuspense,thetruthofRebeccasdeathisthesecondlevel.Accordingtothepositionofthesuspenseinthewholewriting,suspensecanbeclassifiedtopartialsuspenseandfull-textsuspense.Asinthefirstlevelofsuspense,RebeccaandMaxim'srelationdoesn'texposeunlessChapter19.Itsafull-textsuspense.Now,asecondlevelofsuspenseforms.Readersmayguessandlookbackagain.Weallwonderifthereissomethingthatshows.Yes,whenMaximtellsIthatheshootsRebecca,readersmaystopagaintothinkover.Thepoemappearsinthefrontofthenovelisasignificantindication.Thevolumewaswellworn,wellthumbed,fallingopenautomaticallyatwhatmustbeamuch-frequentedpage.4(P36)WhydoesMaximalwaysreadthispageofthepoetry?Whatisitsimportance?Daphneisacarefulandsmartdesigner.Shewouldn'twritewordswastefully.Everywordleadstosuspense.IfledHim,downthenightsanddownthedays;IfledHim,downthearchesoftheyears;IfledHim,downthelabyrinthinewaysofmyownmind;andinthemidstoftearsIhidfromHim;andunderrunninglaughter.UpvistaedslopesIspedAndshot,precipitedAdownTitanicgloomsofchasmedfears,Fromthosestrongfeetthatfollowed,followedafter.4(P36)Maximtakesalongthispoetryandreadsthispagetimetotime.Ishefleeingsomething?Whatishehidingfromonearth?Inthelatterchapters,Mrs.DanversmentionsaboutRebecca'slaughs.Say,whenRebeccafightswithhercousinandwins.Shecracksherwhipoverhisheadanddownhecomes,head-overheels,cursingandlaughing.Sowaseverybodywhoknewher.Shedidn'tcare.Sheonlylaughed.IshallliveasIplease,Danny4(P256)Rebeccamakesmenloveherbutshejustlaughsanddoesn'tcarethematall.Shewon'tloveanything,exceptherself.Rebecca'slaughsshadeMaximalways,theyarecursetoMaxim.AftershootingRebecca,heislivingwithfeartobefoundout.RebeccasitsonthehillsaboveMonteCarlo,laughing,tearingaflowertobitsinherhands,afterabargainwithherhusband.Shelaughsatherhusband'scareabouthisManderley.Shelaughsathissacrificeonpride,honor,personalfeelings,everyqualityaboutfame.AfterherbargainwithMaxim,shelaughslikethedevil.Shethrewbackherheadandlaughed.4(P291)BecausesheknowsthatMaximcantproveanythingagainsther,shehasgotabigtriumph.Shewaitedaminute,rockingonherheels,andthenshelitacigaretteandwentandstoodbythewindow.Shebegantolaugh.Shewentonlaughing,Ithoughtshewouldneverstop.4(P292)EvenwhensheisshotbyMaxim,sheisstillsmiling.Ifiredatherheart.Thebulletpassedrightthrough.Shedidnotfallatonce.Shestoodthere,lookingatme,thatslowsmileonherface,hereyeswideopen.Maximhasn'trealizedthismeaningofthesmileuntil(intheendofthenovel)theygetfilesfromthedoctorthatRebeccahasgotacancerbeforeshedies.Sheforeseesthewholething.SosheliestoMaximonpurpose.Itisthelastsupremebluff.ShewantstobekilledbyMaximthatmeanstodestroyhim,also.Thatiswhyshelaughs.Thatiswhyshestandstherelaughingwhenshedies.Whatawickedandcunninglaughitis!Asinthepoem,MaximlivesunderRebecca'sdamnlaughs.Allthisstrainedshapesanswersthesecondsuspense:MaximcantbearanylongerandkillsRebecca.Itisneitheranaccidentnorasuicide.Andinthedaytime,Frithwouldhearhim(Maxim)inthelibrarypacingupanddown.Upanddown,upanddown.4(P180)Inaddition,Maximdoesn'twanttogotothebeachwherethewhitecottagestands.Hesaysimpatiently,Inevergonearthebloodyplace,orthatGoddamnedcottage.Andifyouhadmymemoriesyouwouldnotwanttogothereeither,ortalkaboutit,oreventhinkaboutit.4(P122)MaximkillsRebeccainthatcottageonenight.Itisnowonderthathesayssuchwordsinchapter19.Anotherclueforthesecondlevelofsuspense.4.Thethirdlevelofsuspense:whetherMaximcanescapefromRebecca'sconspiracy?Thefirsttwolevelsofsuspensehavegivenreaderslargespacetoimage.Werelyonourexperiencesandimaginationtowhatishappening.Theartofthesuspenseliesinthis.Peoplelikeunexpectedanswersandintricateplots.Daphneattractsnotonlyreader'sattentionbutalsotheirabilitiestoinvestigate.Therearetwopossibilities:MaximwillbesentencedbecauseofmurderifitisRebeccawhowinsthegame.Willshe?OrcanMaximescape?Atthispoint,suspensepushesthestorytoanewhightide.4.1Thef