卡耐基演讲·一、练习即席演讲的技巧.docx
卡耐基演讲·一、练习即席演讲的技巧一、练习即席演讲的技巧任何常人、能控制本人的人,都能够发表令人接受、有时还是很精彩的即席演讲。当然有几个方法,能够帮助你在忽然被人邀请讲几句话时流畅地表达本人。其一是采用一些著名演员使用过的一种方法。Anyoneofnormalintelligencewhopossessesafairportionofself-controlcanmakeanacceptable,oftenabrilliant,impromptutalk-whichsimplymeans"talkingoffthecuff".Thereareseveralwaysyoucanimproveyourabilitytoexpressyourselffluentlywhencalleduponsuddenlytosayafewwords.Onemethodistouseadevicethatsomefamousmovieactorsused.很多年前,道格拉斯·费班克为(美国)杂志写了篇文章,叙述了一种益智游戏。在两年的时间里,查理·卓别林、玛丽·皮克福和他几乎每晚都玩。这不仅仅是游戏,也包含演讲技巧里最困难的练习站着考虑。根据费班克写的,这个“游戏这样进行:YearsagoDouglasFairbankswroteanarticleforAmericanMagazineinwhichhedescribedagameofwitshe,CharlieChaplin,andMaryPiekfordplayedalmosteverynightfortwoyears.Itwasmorethanagame.Itwaspracticeinthatmostdifficultofallspeakingarts-thinkingonone'sfeet.AsFairbankswrote,the"game"wentlikethis:“我们每个人各在一张小纸条上写下一个题目,然后把纸条折起,混在一块儿。一个人抽出题目,要求马上站起来用那个题目讲上一分钟。同一题目不能够用两次。一天晚上,我必须谈灯罩。假如你以为容易,不妨试试。不过,好歹我总算过了关。Eachofuswouldwriteasubjectonaslipofpaper.Thenwefoldedtheslipsandshookthemup.Onewoulddraw.Immediatelyhewouldhavetostandandtalkforsixtysecondsonthatsubject.Weneverusedthesamesubjecttwice.OnenightIhadtotalkon"lampshades."Justtryitifyouthinkitiseasy.Igotthroughsomehow.“重要的是,从我们开场玩这个游戏以来,我们都变得机警多了。对于五花八门的题目,我们也有了更多的了解。但是,更有用的是,我们都学会了在霎时就能根据任何题目采集本人的知识和思想,我们学会了如何站着考虑。Butthepointisallthreeofushavesharpenedupsincewebeganthegame.Weknowalotmoreaboutavarietyofmiscellaneoussubjects.But,farbetterthanthat,wearelearningtoassembleourknowledgeandthoughtsonanytopicatamoment'snotice.Wearelearninghowtothinkonourfeet.在我的训练班里,我会经常请我的学生起来即席演讲。我的经历告诉我,这种练习有这样两个作用:它能够加强班上学员的自信心,让他们相信本人能够站着考虑;这种经历让他们在作有准备的讲演时,更不慌不忙,更有十足的自信心。Severaltimesduringmycoursetheclassmembersareaskedtotalkimpromptu.Longexperiencehastaughtmethatthiskindofpracticedoestwothings:(1)itprovestothepeopleintheclassthattheycanthinkontheirfeet,and(2)thisexperiencemakesthemmuchmoresecureandconfidentwhentheyaregivingtheirpreparedtalks.他们知道,就算在作有准备的演讲时,也会有脑中忽然一片空白这样糟糕的情况发生,但是,他们有即席讲演的根基,就还能条理明晰地谈话,直到重新回到原来的话题上。Theyrealizethat,iftheworstshouldhappenandtheyexperienceablackoutwhilegivingtheirpreparedmaterial,theystillcantalkintelligentlyonanimpromptubasisuntiltheygetbackonthetrackagain.所以,班上总会给学生这样的通知:“今晚将给你们不同的题目进行演讲,但要到站起来时你才会知道本人的题目是什么。祝大家好运!So,atonetimeoranother,theclassmemberhears,"Tonighteachofyouwillbegivenadifferentsubjectonwhichtotalk.Youwon'tknowwhatitisuntilyoustanduptospeak.Goodluck!"结果会是这样:会计师发现本人要讲做广告,而广告销售员发现要讲幼稚园;也许教师的题目是银行业务,而银行家的题目却是学校教学;伙计也被指定谈生产,而生产专家则要讨论运输。Whathappens?Anaccountantfindsheiscalledontospeakaboutadvertising.Anadvertisingsalesmanhastotalkonkindergartens.Aschoolteacher'stopicmaybebanking,andabanker'stopicmaybeschoolteacher's.Aclerkmaybeassignedtotalkonproduction,andaproductionexpertmaybeaskedtodiscusstransportation.他们是不是觉得很难而最终放弃呢?Dotheyhangtheirheads,andgiveup?Never!从没有发生过这样的事情!他们不把本人当做是这方面的权威,而是深思熟虑之后,把题目和他们熟悉的知识联络起来。开场尝试这种方法的时候,他们也许讲得不是很好,可是他们有勇气站起来了,并且张开嘴讲话了!有些人觉得简单些,有些人觉得困难些,但总的来讲,是一种兴奋和刺激。他们看见本人竟然能够运用不敢相信本人会拥有的能力。Theydon'tpretendtobeauthorities.Theyworkthesubjectsaroundtofittheirknowledgeofsomethingfamiliartothem.Intheirfirstefforts,theymaynotgiveafinetalk.Buttheydogetup;theydotalk.Forsomeitiseasy;forsomeitishard,buttheydon'tgiveup;theyallfindthattheycandofarbetterthanthey'dthoughttheywould.Thisisthrillingtothem.Theyseethattheycandevelopanabilitywhichtheydidn'tbelievetheyhad.他们都能做到这些,我相信人人都能够做到用你的意志力与自信心越多地尝试,你越会觉得简单。Ibelievethatiftheycandothis,anybodycandoit-withwillpowerandconfidence-andthatthemoreoftenonetriestodoit,theeasieritwillbe.我们的另一个方法,是即席讲演的联合技巧。这是我们训练班一个特别刺激的特点。我们告诉一个学生,要他以他能想出来的最巧妙的方式来讲述一个故事。比方:“前几天我正驾着直升机,忽然,一大群飞碟朝我靠近,我被迫下降。不料靠近的飞碟里,有个小人开场向我开火。我Anothermethodweusetotrainpeopletospeakontheirfeetisthelinkagetechniqueofimpromptuspeaking.Itisastimulatingfeatureofoneofourclasssessions.Oneclassmemberistoldtobeginastoryinthemostfantastictermshecaninvent.Forinstancehemightsay,"TheotherdayIwaspilotingmyhelicopterwhenInoticedaswarmofflyingsaucersapproaching.Istartedtodescend.Butalittlemaninthenearestsaucerstartedtoopenfife.I."铃声响起,这个人的时间到了。然后另一个学生继续,必须把故事接下去。等到每个人都讲完,这个故事也许结束在火星的运河边,或是在国会的大厅里了。Atthispointabellsoundsindicatingtheendofthisspeaker'stime,andthenextclassmemberinlinemustcontinuethestory.Bythetimeeveryoneintheclasshascontributedhisshare,theactionmayendalongthecanalsofMarsorinthehallsofCongress.这种方法,用于培养即席演讲技巧的效果很好。一个人能获得越多的这种练习,当他必须发表演讲时,他就越能轻车熟路地应付可能发生的任何情况。Thismethodofdevelopingskillinspeakingwithoutpreparationisadmirableasatrainingdevice.Themoresuchpracticeapersongetsthebetterhewillbequalifiedtomeettherealsituationsthatmayarisewhenhehastospeak"forkeeps"inhisbusinessandsociallife.用手机学英语,请加听力课堂微信公众号:tingclass123