名词变形容词_1.docx

名词变形容词名词变形容词：1名词后加-y,如：lucklucky,cloudcloudy;windwindy;rainrainy;sunsunny,snowsnowynoise-noisyhealthhealthy2在名词后加-ly,如：friendfriendlylovelovelydaydaily3方位名词加-ern，如：easteasternwestwesternsouthsouthernnorthnorthern形容词后缀1带有“属性，倾向，相关的含义1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible2)-al,natural,additional,educational3)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent5)-ar,similar,popular,regular6)-ary,military,voluntary7)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical,8)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine9)-ing,moving,touching,daring10)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish11)-ive,active,impressive,decisive12)-ory,satisfactory,compulsory13)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)(2)表示“相象，类似的含义1)-ish,boyish,childish2)-esque,picturesque3)-like,manlike,childlike4)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly5)-some,troublesome,handsome6)-y,milky,pasty(3)表示“充分的含义1)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful2)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various3)-ent,violent,(4)表示由某种物质构成，制成或生产的含义1)-en,wooden,golden,woolen2)-ous,gaseous3)-fic,scientific(5)表示方向的含义1)-ern,eastern,western2)-ward,downward,forward(6)表示“倍数的含义1)-ble,double,treble2)ple,triple3)-fold,twofold,tenfold(7)表示“数量关系的含义1)-teen,thirteen2)-ty,fifty3)-th,fourth,fiftieth(8)表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义1)-an,Roman,European2)-ese,Chinese,3)-ish,English,Spanish(9)表示“比拟程度的含义1)-er,greater2)-ish,reddish,yellowish3)-est,highest4)-most,foremost,topmost(10)其他的含义-less,表示否认，countless,stainless,wireless形容词变副词的规则：1.一般情况下直接加“ly，如quick-quickly2.以“y结尾的,先将“y改成“i,再加“ly，如happy-happily少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely,wide-widely等。形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住下面口诀：一般直接加，“元e去e加，“辅y改i加，“le结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quickquickly,truetruly,happyhappily,possiblepossibly.另外：一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently另外,副词还能够由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)此外,部分名词加后缀可以变成副词,如:part-partly。例句:Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的错。需注意:friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词。再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既能够作形容词,又能够作副词,如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判定它们各自的词性。例句:Thankyouverymuch.(adv.)多谢。Thereismuchwaterintheriver.(adj.)河里有很多水。Themusicistooloud.Pleaseturnitdown.(adj.)音乐声太大,请调低点。Hespeaksloudenough.Soeveryoneintheroomcanhearwhathesaid.(adv.)他讲话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义一样,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句HespeaksgoodEnglish.他讲一口流利的英语。HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语讲得不错。多音节y结尾的词将y改为i后加lyeasy-easilyhappy-happilyheavy-heavily单音节y结尾的词直接加lygay-gayly(gaily)sly-slyly(slily)以ve结尾的词去e加lytrue-truly以le结尾的词去e加ygentle-gentlypossible-possibly其他以e结尾的词一律加lynice-nicelywise-wiselypolite-politely以ll结尾的词只加yfull-fully以ic结尾的词加allyautomatic-automaticallyenergetic-energetically其他形容词均加lycareful-carefullyglad-gladly第一，后面加able，affordaffordable；以e结尾的动词则去e加able，lovelovable：表示具有此性质、特点或属性。第二，后面加ed，scatterscattered；以e结尾的动词则直接加d，useused：表示被动性的属性或特点。第三，不规则的动词则必须记忆，记住其过去分词形式规律不大，意义同上。第四，后面加ing，runrunning，diedying，变为如今分词形式，有的去e加ing，有的双写加ing，有的改为y加ing，规律同如今分词，表示有正在主动的进行的属性或特点。动词变形容词类：1在动词后加后缀-ful,如：carecareful;useuseful;thankthankful;helphelpful;wonderwonderfulforgetforgetful2.后加ED/ING等。如：INTEREST-INTERESTEDWOUND-WOUNDED在原动词后加-ive-able(标有能力-ary-al-ed(表被动-ing表主动-ous-ior