托福阅读解题技巧：推断题和细节题怎样把握_1.docx

托福浏览解题技巧：推断题和细节题怎样把握托福浏览解题技巧：推断题和细节题怎样把握托福考生对于托福浏览中的推断题和细节题都不陌生，这两类题目是托福浏览中比拟容易混淆和做错的题目。大家在做这两类的题目的时候要把握一定的托福浏览解题技巧。下面我们来详细地分析一下这两类题目。托福浏览解题技巧：推断题和细节题怎样把握?一.托福推断题和细节题的异同我们先来看看两类题目的一样点，首先两类题目都会涉及到原文内容，都需要考生去原文中定位题目的相关信息，所以从做题的第一步来看，两类题目比拟类似。但是这两类题目的做题方法却不一样。推断题需要考生对文中信息总结分析，结合整篇文章的观点找到最佳答案。细节题相对简单一些，只要在原文中找到相应内容并且定位准确，就能找到答案了。二.托福浏览细节题解题技巧细节题也被称为事实信息题，大家在做题的时候只需要在原文对应的内容中找答案就能够了，不需要结合上下文去分析。那么怎样才能又快有准确地做对细节题呢?找关键词!关键词能够帮助我们迅速定位题目在原文中的位置。假如是一些直接以段落形式出现的细节题就不需要大家定位细节题选项位置，此时需要大家去比照选项和原文，快速找到段落中的同义句位置，挑选正确答案。给大家举个简单的例子，小站托福官方真题Official第54套中第一篇浏览文章第二题：Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingcharacteristicsofpinemadeitadesirablematerialforbuildinginnineteenth-centuryAmericaEXCEPT:A.Itwaslonglasting.B.Itwasrelativelyeasytotransport.C.Itssoftnessmadeiteasytoworkwith.D.Itproducedbuildingsthatwereespeciallyattractive.大家在做这道题的时候，要注意大写的“EXCEPT，也就是讲要找到不包含的信息，我们要迅速在文章第一段定位同义句。下面是官方真题Official第54套第一段原文：Innineteenth-centuryAmerica,practicallyeverythingthatwasbuiltinvolvedwood.Pinewasespeciallyattractiveforbuildingpurposes.Itisdurableandstrong(A),yetsoftenoughtobeeasilyworkedwitheventhesimplestofhandtools(B).Italsofloatsnicelyonwater,whichallowedittobetransportedtodistantmarketsacrossthenation(C).ThecentralandnorthernreachesoftheGreatLakesstatesMichigan,Wisconsin,andMinnesotaallcontainedextensivepineforestsaswellasmanylargeriversforfloatinglogsintotheGreatLakes,fromwheretheyweretransportednationwide.迅速定位选项同义句以后，我们就能找到答案了，正确答案是D。大家要不要被“Pinewasespeciallyattractiveforbuildingpurposes.这句话迷惑了，仔细分析后你会发现，它和D选项表达的是完全不同的两种意思。三.托福浏览推断题解题技巧托福浏览的推断题比细节题更难一些，细节题只要找到原文中对应的位置就能够了，但是推断题却需要大家结合文章主题做出正确推断。我们先来讲讲怎么定义一道题是推断题，其实推断题往往题干中会包含“infer、suggest、imply、indicate一些单词。推断题不仅需要快速定位，还需要大家能够正确分析文中相关内容，集合文章提供信息推理出合理选项。另外，推断题还分为正向推断和逆向推断，正向推断要找到相应的句子关系，逆向推断要找到相应的内容，然后取反义。下面我们来看个详细的例子，仍然是以小站官方真题Official54套第一篇浏览为例，第四题为推断题：Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2abouttimberinAmericabeforetheyear1860?A.FarmersoftheAmericanWestearnedmostoftheirincomebysellingtimbertonewlyarrivedsettlers.B.Timbercameprimarilyfromfarmerswhowishedtosupplementtheirincome.C.Timberwasmuchmoreexpensivebeforetheyear1860becauseitwaslessreadilyavailable.D.TimbercameprimarilyfromlargemanufacturingcompaniesintheEast.题干中我们发现了推断题非常明显的标志“inferredfrom，另外题干中已经标明在第二段，那么我们就从第二段中来看。此时每个选项都要进行详细的分析，A选项能够定位到文中“Nolongerwerefarmersinsearchofextraincomethemainsourceforshingles,firewood,andotherwoodproducts.所以农民已经不依靠销售木料增加收入了，A项错误。B选项能够要通过逆向推断来得知，原文中讲到“1870年农民不再通过木质产品增加收入，所以可推断出木材;主要在于一些农民想要增加收入。C和D选项通过与原文内容比照也都不符合原文中的意思。C选项原文中并未提及，D选项与B冲突，故为错误选项。考友共享托福浏览做题教训当时做题一味想着把握技巧，想着如何夺分，殊不知，好不容易拼来的分还抵不上由于粗心而失去的分，另人痛心，所以，我们不妨以退为攻，先改正本人易丢分的不良习惯或误区，力求在保证不轻易失分的情况下去夺分、去冲刺!教训一：谙练把握常考词汇良多考生在经过一段时刻的进修后，发现托福语法并不难，每次做错题后一对谜底发现问题问题现实很简单，总有一种恍然年夜悟的感受，可是若干天往后又会再一次恍然年夜悟，走进一个一而再、再而三犯同样错误的怪圈。原因是什么呢?事理很简单：首先，考生对于常识点必定是懂的，否则在对谜底后就不会恍然年夜悟;其次，考生在做题时对考点涉及的常考词不敏感，视若无睹，根柢想不起来。所以考哨兵需谙练把握常考词汇，完美常识点。教训二：细心应对考试陷阱在托福浏览考试中语法得满分的同窗并不在年夜都，良多考生经常会很是遗憾地错了一两个完全会做的问题问题。究其原因，不外乎两个：其一、过于轻率，还没看完A、B、C、D四个选项便做出了选择，或者是在看到正确选项前就已落入了ETS设置的陷阱。教训三：长于找到本人的常识弱点无论英语水平多高城市有常识盲点，有恍惚甚至完全不懂的处所。是以必然要长于找到本人的常识弱点。那么考生若何知道本人的常识盲点呢?最简单也是最根柢的体例就是做全真题。我强烈建议考生筹备一个错题本，将本人每次托福浏览备考做习题经过中做错的题全数抄到错题本上，然后在恰当的时辰总结一下，看看本人轻易犯哪些错误。大家平常做浏览题的时候要养成良好的做题习惯，尽量减少失分的时机，这样的话愈加实在，但这也是很多托福考生忽略的方面，大家要引起重视。托福浏览真题1In1903themembersofthegoverningboardoftheUniversityofWashington,inSeattle,engagedafirmoflandscapearchitects,specialistsinthedesignofoutdoorenvironmentOlmstedBrothersofBrookline,Massachusettstoadvisethemonanappropriatelayoutfortheuniversitygrounds.Theplanimpressedtheuniversityofficials,andintimemanyofitsrecommendationswereimplemented.CityofficialsinSeattle,thelargestcityinthenorthwesternUnitedStates,werealsoimpressed,fortheyemployedthesameorganizationtostudySeattlespublicparkneeds.JohnOlmsteddidtheinvestigationandsubsequentreportonSeattlesparks.Heandhisbrothersbelievedthatparksshouldbeadaptedtothelocaltopography,utilizetheareastreesandshrubs,andbeavailabletotheentirecommunity.Theyespeciallyemphasizedtheneedfornatural,serenesettingswherehurriedurbandwellerscouldperiodicallyescapefromthecity.TheessenceoftheOlmstedparkplanwastodevelopacontinuousdriveway,twentymileslong,thatwouldtietogetherawholeseriesofparks,playgrounds,andparkways.Therewouldbelocalparksandsquares,too,butallofthiswasmeanttosupplementthemajordriveway,whichwastoremaintheunifyingfactorfortheentiresystem.InNovemberof1903thecitycouncilofSeattleadoptedtheOlmstedReport,anditautomaticallybecamethemasterplanforthecitysparksystem.Priortothisreport,Seattlesparkdevelopmentwasverylimitedandfundingmeager.Allthischangedafterthereport.Between1907and1913,cityvotersapprovedspecialfundingmeasuresamountingto$4,000,000.Withsuchunparalleledsumsattheirdisposal,withtheOlmstedguidelinestofollow,andwiththeaddedincentiveofwantingtohavethecityatitsbestfortheAlaska-Yukon-PacificExpositionof1909,theParksBoardboughtaggressively.By1913Seattlehad25parksamountingto1,400acres,aswellas400acresinplaygrounds,pathways,boulevards,andtriangles.Morelandswouldbeaddedinthefuture,butforallpracticalpurposesitwasthegreatlandsurgeof1907-1913thatestablishedSeattlesparksystem.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)TheplanneddevelopmentofSeattlespublicparksystem(B)TheorganizationoftheSeattlecitygovernment(C)ThehistoryoftheOlmstedBrothersarchitecturalfirm(D)ThedesignandbuildingoftheUniversityofWashingtoncampus2.Thewordengagedinline2isclosestinmeaningto(A)trained(B)hired(C)described(D)evaluated3.Thewordsubsequentinline8isclosestinmeaningto(A)complicated(B)alternate(C)later(D)detailed4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparksdoesNOTreflecttheviewsoftheOlmstedBrothersfirm?(A)Theyshouldbeplantedwithtreesthatgrowlocally.(B)Theyshouldprovideaquiet,restfulenvironment.(C)Theyshouldbeprotectedbylimitingthenumberofvisitorsfromthecommunity.(D)Theyshouldbedesignedtoconformtothetopographyofthearea.5.Whydoestheauthormentionlocalparksandsquaresinlines14whentalkingabouttheOlmstedplan?(A)Toemphasizethedifficultiesfacingadoptionoftheplan(B)Toillustratethecomprehensivenatureoftheplan(C)Todemonstrateanomissionintheplan(D)TodescribeSeattleslandscapepriortoimplementationoftheplan6.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouthowcitizensofSeattlereceivedtheOlmstedReport?(A)Theywerehostiletothereportsconclusions.(B)TheyignoredtheOlmstedsfindings.(C)TheysupportedtheOlmstedsplans.(D)Theyfavoredthecitycouncilsseekingadvicefromanotherfirm.7.Accordingtothepassage,whenwastheOlmstedReportofficiallyacceptedasthemasterplanfortheSeattlepublicparksystem?(A)1903(B)1907(C)1909(D)19138.Thewordsumsinline20isclosestinmeaningto(A)problems(B)amounts(C)services(D)debts9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasmostdirectlyinfluencedbytheAlaska-Yukon-PacificExposition?(A)TheUniversityofWashington(B)Brookline,Massachusetts(C)ThemayorofSeattle(D)TheSeattleParksBoardPASSAGE55ABCCBCABD托福浏览真题2Thetermfolksonghasbeencurrentforoverahundredyears,butthereisstillagooddealofdisagreementastowhatitactuallymeans.ThedefinitionprovidedbytheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilstatesthatfolkmusicisthemusicofordinarypeople,whichispassedonfrompersontopersonbybeinglistenedtoratherthanlearnedfromtheprintedpage.Otherfactorsthathelpshapeafolksonginclude:continuity(manyperformancesoveranumberofyears);variation(changesinwordsandmelodieseitherthroughartisticinterpretationorfailureofmemory);andselection(theacceptanceofasongbythecommunityinwhichitevolves).Whensongshavebeensubjectedtotheseprocessestheiroriginisusuallyimpossibletotrace.Forinstance,ifafarmlaborerweretomakeupasongandsingittoa-coupleoffriendswholikeitandmemorizeit,possiblywhenthefriendscometosingitthemselvesoneofthemmightforgetsomeofthewordsandmakeupnewonestofillthegap,whiletheother,perhapsmoreartistic,mightaddafewdecorativetouchestothetuneandimproveacoupleoflinesoftext.Ifthishappenedafewtimestherewouldbemanydifferentversions,thesongsoriginalcomposerwouldbeforgotten,andthesongwouldbecomecommonproperty.Thisconstantreshapingandre-creationistheessenceoffolkmusic.Consequently,modempopularsongsandotherpublishedmusic,eventhoughwidelysungbypeoplewhoarenotprofessionalmusicians,arenotconsideredfolkmusic.Themusicandwordshavebeensetbyaprintedorrecordedsource,limitingscopeforfurtherartisticcreation.Thesesongsoriginscannotbedisguisedandthereforetheybelongprimarilytothecomposerandnottoacommunity.Theidealsituationforthecreationoffolkmusicisanisolatedruralcommunity.Insuchasettingfolksongsanddanceshaveaspecialpurposeateverystageinapersonslife,fromchildhoodtodeath.Epictalesofheroicdeeds,seasonalsongsrelatingtocalendarevents,andoccupationalsongsarealsolikelytobesung.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Themescommonlyfoundinfolkmusic(B)Elementsthatdefinefolkmusic(C)Influencesoffolkmusiconpopularmusic(D)ThestandardsoftheInternationalFolkMusicCouncil2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetermfolksongissupportedbythepassage?(A)Ithasbeenusedforseveralcenturies.(B)TheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilinventedit.(C)Itisconsideredtobeout-of-date.(D)Thereisdisagreementaboutitsmeaning.3.Theworditinline8refersto(A)community(B)song(C)acceptance(D)memory4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasacharacteristicofthetypicalfolksong?(A)Itisconstantlychangingovertime.(B)Itispassedontootherpeoplebybeingperformed.(C)Itcontainscomplexmusicalstructures.(D)Itappealstomanypeople.5.Thewordsubjectedinline9isclosestinmeaningto(A)reduced(B)modified(C)exposed(D)imitated6.Theauthormentionsthefarmlaborerandhisfriends(lines10-14)inordertodowhichofthefollowing?(A)Explainhowafolksongevolvesovertime(B)Illustratetheimportanceofmusictoruralworkers(C)Showhowsubjectmatterisselectedforafolksong(D)Demonstratehowacommunity,choosesafolksong7.Accordingtothepassage,whywouldtheoriginalcomposersoffolksongsbeforgotten?(A)Audiencesprefersongscomposedbyprofessionalmusicians.(B)Singersdislikethedecorativetouchesinfolksongtunes.(C)Numerousvariationsoffolksongscometoexistatthesametime.(D)Folksongsarenotconsideredanimportantformofmusic.8.Thewordessenceinline16isclosestinmeaningto(A)basicnature(B)growingimportance(C)fullextent(D)firstphase9.Theauthormentionsthatpublishedmusicisnotconsideredtobefolkmusicbecause(A)theoriginalcomposercanbeeasilyidentified(B)thesongsattractonlytheyoungpeopleinacommunity(C)thesongsaregenerallyperformedbyprofessionalsingers(D)thecomposerswritethemusicinruralcommunitiesPASSAGE56BDBCCACAA托福浏览解题技巧：推断题和细节题怎样把握