美国食品自治怎样保证安全.docx

美国食品自治，怎样保证安全Mainesnewrighttofoodcouldsproutlegalchallenges缅因州的新“食品权可能引发法律质疑LikeeveryfarmerCourtneyHammond,whogrowsblueberriesandcranberriesinWashingtonCounty,Maine,hasalotofworries.像每个在缅因州华盛顿县种植蓝莓和蔓越莓的农民一样，考特尼·哈蒙德也有很多担忧。Hefretsaboutweather,invasivespecies,failedcropsandglobalprices.他担忧气候不好、物种入侵、收获不好和全球价格等问题。Toabidebyfederalfood-safetylaws,hehashadtodotraining,maintainmeticulousrecords,haveinsect-androdent-controlplansanddocumentdailythesanitationofhisprocessingequipment.为了遵守联邦食品安全法，他必须接受培训，保持具体的记录，制定昆虫和啮齿动物控制计划，天天记录加工设备的卫生情况。Itisatremendousamountofworkbutitmeans,hesays,Idonthavetoworryaboutanybodygettingsickfromeatinganythingthatleavesmyfarm.这是一项庞大的工作，他讲，“但这意味着，我不必担忧任何人由于吃了从我农场生产的任何食品而生病。Nowheisworriedthatanewlawmayputhishardworkinjeopardy.如今他担忧一项新法律可能会危及他的辛勤工作。Earlierthismonth61%ofvotersoptedtochangethestateconstitutiontoensurethatallMainershadarighttofood,thefirstlawofitskindinAmerica.本月早些时候，61%的选民选择修改州宪法，以确保所有缅因州人都有“食物权，这是美国第一部此类法律。Theconstitutionalamendmentsmainproponentsincludedaconservativelobsterman,aliberalraw-milkorganicfarmer,theSportsmanAlliance(ahuntinggroup)andCumberlandCountyFoodSecurityCouncil.宪法修正案的主要支持者包括一位保守的龙虾养殖者、一位自由的生奶有机农场主、运发动联盟一个狩猎团体和坎伯兰县食品安全委员会。ThepandemichasshonealightonfoodinsecurityinMaine.这场疫情暴露了缅因州的粮食不安全状况。Now,Mainershavetheunalienablerighttofoodtogrow,raise,harvest,produceandconsumethefoodoftheirownchoosing.如今，缅因人拥有“不可剥夺的食物权种植、饲养、收获、生产和消费他们本人选择的食物。Theamendmentsoundedinnocuous,butscepticsarewaryofitsimpact.这项修正案听起来无伤大雅，但怀疑者对其影响持慎重态度。MargeKilkelly,aformerstatelawmakerwhoraisesturkeysaswellaspigsandgoats,pointsoutthatmostpeopledontknowmuchaboutfarming:饲养火鸡、猪和山羊的前州议员玛吉·基尔凯利指出，大多数人对农业不太了解：Itdoesnothappeninaninstant.Youdontjustgettheturkeyseedandputwateronit.Poof,theresaturkey. “这不是一霎时发生的。不能拿一颗火鸡种子，浇点水，噗，就有一只火鸡长出来，不是这么简单。Opponentsoftheamendmentworrythatitsvaguewordingopenstownstolegalchallengesoverlocalzoningandotherordinances.反对该修正案的人担忧，该修正案含糊不清的措辞使城镇在地方分区和其他条例方面面临法律挑战。RebeccaGrahamoftheMaineMunicipalAssociationexpectseverythingfromhuntinglawstofoodprogrammestobechallenged,atgreatcosttothetaxpayer.缅因州市政协会的丽贝卡·格雷厄姆估计，从狩猎法到食品计划，一切都将遭到挑战，纳税人将为此付出宏大代价。RulesliketheoneinPortland,thestateslargestcity,whichallowsresidentsamaximumofsixhens(noroosters)couldbeignoredorchallengedincourtnevermindcowsgrazinginfrontgardens.波特兰是该州最大的城市，允许居民最多饲养六只母鸡不能有公鸡的规定可能会被忽视或在法庭上遭到质疑，更不用讲在前花园吃草的奶牛了。JanelleTirrell,headoftheMaineVeterinaryMedicalAssociation,isconcernedaboutthetreatmentoffarmanimalsbypeopleill-equippedtolookafterthem:peoplewillusethatright-to-fooddefencetojustifythekeepingofanimalsinwaysthatviolateourcurrentlaws.缅因州兽医协会负责人珍妮尔·蒂雷尔，对那些没有能力照料家畜的人对家畜的治疗方案表示担忧：人们将“利用食物权作为辩护理由，证实饲养家畜是合理的，这完全违背了我们现行的法律。Othersforeseeenvironmentalimpacts,suchascontaminatedwatersupplies.其别人则预见到环境影响，如供水遭到污染。Somefarmersfearthatamateurswillintroduceinvasivespeciesthatcoulddamagetheircrops.一些农民担忧业余喜好者会引入物种导致生物入侵，进而损害他们的作物。BillyBobFaulkingham,theRepublicanstaterepresentativewhochampionedthemeasure,pooh-poohstheseconcerns.支持这项措施的共和-州代表比利·鲍伯·福克汉姆对这些担忧嗤之以鼻。Hethinkscourtchallengesareunlikely.他以为人们不太可能向法庭提出质疑。Frivolousoneswillbedismissed.轻率马虎的人将被辞退。ThelawwillgiveMainersmoreownershipofthefoodsupply,heargues:some90%ofthestatesfoodisimported.他以为，这项法律将赋予缅因州更多的食品供给自主权：该州90%的食品是进口的。Alludingtotheconstitutionalrighttobeararms,hesays:Icallthisthesecondamendmentoffood.在略微提到宪法赋予的携带武器的权利时，他讲：“我称之为食品的第二修正案。Hispartneracrosstheaisle,CraigHickman,aDemocraticstatesenatorandanorganicfarmer,saysnoteveryoneisgoingtostartfarmingorraisinganimals,butthiswillinspirepeopletoshoplocallyorevensharetheirlandwiththeirneighbours.他的竞选对手、民主-州参议员、有机农户克雷格·希克曼讲，不是每个人都会开场耕种或饲养动物，但这将“鼓励人们在当地购物甚至与邻居共享他们的土地。Thischimeswithlocalculture.这符合当地文化。Despiteitsrelativelysmallfarmindustry,Mainesupportsitsproducers.尽管缅因州的农业规模相对较小，但该州支持其生产者。Thestatesconstitutiongivesfarmsproperty-taxbreaks.该州宪法给予农场财产税减免。Somecommunitiespaypeopletofarmtheirland.一些社区付钱让人们耕种他们的土地。Thestatehasbeenexperimentingwithfoodsovereignty.该州一直在试验粮食主权。Morethanahundredtownshaveadoptedordinancesthatallowfoodself-government,lettingtownsmaketheirownrulesforfoodproducts.100多个城镇通过了允许食品“自治的法令，允许城镇制定本人的食品规则。Producersintheseplacescanselldirectlytocustomers,offering,say,unpasteurisedmilkwithoutalicence(meatandpoultryareexcluded).这些地方的生产商能够直接向客户销售，比方讲，提供未经消毒的牛奶而无需许可证肉类和家禽除外。Farm-to-tablerestaurantsareimmenselypopular.从农场到餐桌的餐馆非常受欢迎。Maineisafoodiedestination.缅因州是一个“美食目的地。Touristsflockthereforitslobsters,blueberriesandcranberries.游客们蜂拥到这里来吃龙虾、蓝莓和蔓越莓。JulieAnnSmith,oftheMaineFarmBureau,wondershowfoodsafetycanbemaintainedwithoutregulations.缅因州农业局的朱莉·安·史密斯在想，假如没有规章制度，食品安全怎样得以维持。ThatiswhyMrHammondissoanxiousaboutthenewamendment.这就是哈蒙德先生对新修正案如此焦虑的原因。ItwilltakeonlyonetouristsickenedbyblueberriessoldbyanamateurtotaintallMainefarmers,notjusttheguywiththreetomatoplantsonhisporch.只需一名游客因业余喜好者出售的蓝莓而患病，缅因州所有农民就都会遭到影响，而不仅仅是“门廊上有三株番茄植物的家伙。来源:可可英语:/kekenet/Article/202112/650208.shtml