中中考阅读理解专项复习课件.ppt

阅读技巧阅读技巧析：根据同位语关系析：根据同位语关系、词义理解题、词义理解题 A.语音学语音学 B 语义学语义学 C.词汇学词汇学_（1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测义：）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测义： A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短短语语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”. Now when someone lets out (泄漏泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一个理解题目：短文后面有一个理解题目： John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he _. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bagAl在这篇文章里，在这篇文章里，“let the cat out ofthe bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the sameas “to tell a secret”.misunderstanding; encouragement,picture 误用，错用误用，错用Guess the Meaning of the Word , phrase or sentence1.根据定义，解释根据定义，解释2.根据构词法根据构词法3.根据同义词，反义词关系根据同义词，反义词关系4. 根据对比，转折关系根据对比，转折关系5. 根据同位语关系根据同位语关系6. 根据因果关系根据因果关系7. 根据上下文线索根据上下文线索8. 根据生活常识根据生活常识词义理解题词义理解题-指代词指代词( (考查考查我们对文章中出现的代词我们对文章中出现的代词(it,they,one)(it,they,one)所指代对象的能力所指代对象的能力. . 题干形式题干形式: :) The word”this “ in the last paragraph refers to _A.giving pet fish too mush foodB. giving pet fish too little foodC. givingthe right amount of foodD.giving neither too cold nor too hot water 析:IIII、细节理解题：、细节理解题： 细节理解题就是我们常见的细节理解题就是我们常见的whwh- -题，有些问题可以在文章中题，有些问题可以在文章中直接找直接找到答案到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等比较等。方法是方法是: :先用先用寻读法找出与问题相关寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。行细读，找出正确答案。1.1.直接事实题直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读用针对性方法进行阅读,因为这类题的答案在文因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。章中可以直接找到。 2.间接事实题间接事实题: Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 解析：解析： A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答都可在原文找到答案，而案，而B项原文列的是：项原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判断不是可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选因此选B。 Tips :解此类题需要结合上下解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断的概括和判断,找出支持每个找出支持每个选项的句子选项的句子. III、推理判断题、推理判断题 常见形式：常见形式： 常见形式常见形式: :( (观点态度类观点态度类) )1.常见形式常见形式:(:(体裁来源类体裁来源类) )1.We can learn something about _ from the passage.2.Where did this passage most probably appear?2.2.解推断题应注意：解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。推理的根据来自于上下文。 (3) 表层意义推断出隐含的意义表层意义推断出隐含的意义3 3. .解推断题的方法：解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。系推断具体细节。要对文字的表面信息要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全论事，以偏概全 Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行行“恢复恢复”，因此推出答案为，因此推出答案为D D。 Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 误了误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对是暗示他对Mr. Neff的讨厌之情。答案为的讨厌之情。答案为D。 returnLijiang,Yunnan,Dec.17(Xinhuanet)-A film directed by famous director Zhang yimou, made its domestic debut( 国内国内首映式）首映式）in Lijiang,where the film was shot ,in southwest Chinas Yunnan Province,On Friday night._（1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, , 层层推理论证层层推理论证, , 最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论, , 即段落的主题。本即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现, ,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。 For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms(症状症状) in children may be sighs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt(及时的及时的) medical attention. 本段主题句为第二句本段主题句为第二句, 因为在因为在however 后面才后面才是作者真正的看法是作者真正的看法, 并在下文中进一步作了说明。并在下文中进一步作了说明。 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时, 作者往往从具体作者往往从具体的事例谈起的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚使立论更加清楚, 具有很强的说服力具有很强的说服力, 即以即以“立立”为主为主, 对正面观点进行阐述。对正面观点进行阐述。 _ A shark is a large,fierce fish.what will you do if you meet a shark while you are swimming?One man who knows all about sharks has given some advice to help you swim safely._topic sentenceThis passage is about _A) what a shark isB) The best place to swim inC) How to swim safelyD) How to ride on sharks.逻辑推论逻辑推论观点态度观点态度体裁来源体裁来源1.整体理解整体理解2.细节理解句子结构，句细节理解句子结构，句意理解，词语意义的理解意理解，词语意义的理解3. 不影响语篇整体理解的难不影响语篇整体理解的难句和生词可以忽略句和生词可以忽略1、速读全文，了解大意知主、速读全文，了解大意知主题。题。(略读略读) 2阅读题干，明确题目类型，阅读题干，明确题目类型， 有的放矢，分类处理有的放矢，分类处理3逻辑推理，做好深层理解题逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 4 复读全文，前后对照，核实复读全文，前后对照，核实答案答案 阅读理解题型介绍：阅读理解题型介绍： 是中考考查的重点，一般是是中考考查的重点，一般是4篇短文，共计篇短文，共计20小题，小题，40分。分。涉及的题材有说明文涉及的题材有说明文.记叙文记叙文和应用文等，内容包括故事和应用文等，内容包括故事.文化习俗文化习俗.科普知识科普知识.电视节目电视节目新闻介绍等方面，图文结合，新闻介绍等方面，图文结合，图表结合。图表结合。 In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless （除非）（除非）the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above on the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them ,Then if the host （男主人）（男主人）or hostess （女主人）（女主人）or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there is no people sitting on it1In America men usually _ Awalk ahead of women Beat in a restaurant Cwalk behind women Ddrive a car to work2In the street men _ Across the street Bwalk on the right side of the ladies Cwalk on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic Dwalk near the ladies3If a man walks with two ladies, he should _ Awalk between them Brun before them Cfollow them Dgo away4If Mrs. Green wants you to her house in a car, you should _ Asit beside a guest Bsit at the front seat Csit at the back seat Ddrive the carCCAB 中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读的要求：的要求：1 1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（词的含义；（生词率不超过生词率不超过3 ，阅读阅读速度为每分钟速度为每分钟50-70个词。）个词。） 2 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5 5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；读策略获取信息； 中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读中考（大纲和课程标准）对阅读的要求：的要求：1 1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（词的含义；（生词率不超过生词率不超过3 ，阅读阅读速度为每分钟速度为每分钟50-70个词。）个词。） 2 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5 5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；读策略获取信息；