U1Languagepoints（优秀课件）.ppt
New phrases第三大州第三大州用用方法，借助方法，借助 决不，一点也不决不，一点也不此外，除此外，除之外还有之外还有与与斗争，与打架斗争，与打架赢得赢得独立独立在在安顿下来，定居安顿下来，定居习惯新的生活方式，谋生习惯新的生活方式，谋生保持，继续，鼓起保持，继续，鼓起 the third largest state by means of by no means in addition (to) fight against gain ones independence settle in sp make a life keep up1. diversity = variety 多样性、变化多样性、变化a diversity of vegetablesdiversify vt. 使使多样性，使多样性，使不同不同diversify ones skills / interestsWe should diversify the syllabus (教学大纲）教学大纲）to attract more students.A company should diversify.2. illustrate vt. 说明、阐明（用图示、实例等）说明、阐明（用图示、实例等）The lecturer illustrated the theory with examples.Please illustrate how to use the machine.illustration n. 实例实例 by way of illustration 以实例说明以实例说明3.California is the third largest state in the 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰形容词最高级的词：可以修饰形容词最高级的词：far / by far /much可以修饰比较级的词：可以修饰比较级的词：no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far Youre standing too near the camera . Can you move _?A a bit far B a little farther C a bit of farther D a little far 4. population un / cn. 人口人口 The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数，表示部表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数，表示部分人口时谓语动词用复数。分人口时谓语动词用复数。 而形容人口的多而形容人口的多少通常用少通常用large / small. isare对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用Whats the population of .?Whats the population of Guangdong? have a population of . 有多少人口有多少人口China has a population of 1.3 billion.an increase / growth in population 人口人口5. multi- “多、多方面、多方向多、多方面、多方向”multi-colored 多色的多色的 multi-racial多民族的多民族的multi-media 多媒体多媒体 multiparty多党制的多党制的6. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。言在他们的新家都得以延续。having attracted people from all over the world 是现在分词的完成时作是现在分词的完成时作state的定语，的定语， 其作用相当于一个定语从句其作用相当于一个定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world.live on 继续生活或存在。如：继续生活或存在。如：Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.毕加索人已作古，但他的画却完事流传。毕加索人已作古，但他的画却完事流传。7. When the first people arrived in what we now know as California,宾语从句宾语从句 = the place that we now know as California. 定语从句定语从句George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. A.which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D1) Pudong Development Zone is no longer a rural area _ it used to be.2) Pudong Development Zone is no longer _ it used to be. A. what B. where C. that D. thereCA定语从句定语从句, 先行词是先行词是area, that作关系代词作关系代词表语从句表语从句 8. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人某人/物有可能做某事物有可能做某事注意注意: likely 比较级为比较级为 likelier, 最高级为最高级为 likelieste.g. She is _to succeed. 她有可能会成功她有可能会成功. = It is likely that she will succeed.likelyThis is a _story.这是一个有可能发生的故事这是一个有可能发生的故事.likely辨析辨析: likely, possible, probable按可能性程度按可能性程度, probable可能性最大可能性最大, 其次为其次为likely, 最小为最小为possible. 但需要注意的是但需要注意的是, likely的主语可以是人的主语可以是人, 但但possible, probable却只能却只能用形式主语用形式主语it.9. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.by means of : by using 依靠、凭借依靠、凭借那个囚犯从秘密通道逃走了。那个囚犯从秘密通道逃走了。The prisoner escaped by means of a secret tunnel.思想可以凭借音乐的形式来表现。思想可以凭借音乐的形式来表现。Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.means : All possible means have been tried.Every possible means has been tried. The quickest means of travel is by air.by all means 无论如何、当然可以无论如何、当然可以by no means 一点也不、绝不一点也不、绝不We can succeed _(通过通过)hard work.You can get there _ (乘坐多种交通工具乘坐多种交通工具).by means of by many means of transport10. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. 在在16世纪世纪, 欧洲人到来之后欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷当地人陷入了极大的苦难。入了极大的苦难。vi. 受痛苦；受损害受痛苦；受损害vt. 遭受；忍受遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：辨析：suffer与与suffer from suffer (vt.) 和和suffer from的区别：的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)，但，但suffer from表示遭受战争，表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果承受结果/遭受大损失遭受大损失/负伤负伤 suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood 遭受头痛遭受头痛/疾病的困扰疾病的困扰/战争洪水战争洪水11. force into 强迫强迫成为、做、进入成为、做、进入They forced him into signing (to sign) the paper.He forced his feet into his shoes.She was forced into crime by circumstances.她为境遇所迫而犯罪。她为境遇所迫而犯罪。The fellow forced his way into my home.那家伙强行闯入我家。那家伙强行闯入我家。12. In addition, many died from the disease brought by the Europeans.in addition to: 除此之外除此之外, 另外另外, 加之加之 e.g. I met my past teacher and some former classmates _ in the supermarket. 我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师, 还有些同还有些同班同学班同学.in addition _cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits.除了有蛋糕和糖果除了有蛋糕和糖果, 还给客人们准备了水果还给客人们准备了水果.In addition to 辨析：辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饥饿死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。多指内部原因。 die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。多指外部未知原因。 die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/old age 死于癌症饥饿悲痛干旱衰老死于癌症饥饿悲痛干旱衰老 die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause 死于外伤过度劳累不明原因死于外伤过度劳累不明原因 Many of them died of starvation. The soldier died from a wound in the breast. Some die of hunger, but some _ eating too much. A. die from B. from C. X D. of brought by Europeans 为过去分词作定语为过去分词作定语,相相当于当于which were brought by Europeans, 注意注意单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面, 分词分词短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后.English is a _ language.英语是一种被广泛使用的语言英语是一种被广泛使用的语言.widely usedThis is one of the schools _ in 1980s.这是八十年代所建的学校之一这是八十年代所建的学校之一.built13. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. to continue to live or exist in spite of a dangerous event or time. 幸免幸免, 幸免于难幸免于难 e.g. Only 12 of the 140 passengers _ 在在140名乘客中只有名乘客中只有12人幸免于难人幸免于难.survivesurvivedliving in California 为现在分词短语作定语为现在分词短语作定语,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句who live in California. 现在现在分词一般表示经常性的动作或现在的状态分词一般表示经常性的动作或现在的状态,也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生动词所表示的的动作同时发生.e.g. There are three types of tiger living in China (that live in China). 目前中国有三种虎目前中国有三种虎.The picture hanging (that is hanging) on thewall is painted by my nephew.墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的. 14. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世纪早期世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。 fight for “为事业为事业, 自由自由, 真理真理, 权利等而斗争权利等而斗争(战斗战斗)”fight against (可用可用with) the enemy “为反对为反对而斗争而斗争”；接人和国家名词，；接人和国家名词， 意思是意思是“与与战斗战斗”。辨析辨析: fight against, fight for与与fight withfight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战也可表示与某人并肩作战 fight a war/ battle 打一场战争打一场战争 They are fighting for freedom. 他们正为自由而战。他们正为自由而战。15. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men .在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。 1) 句中句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。故其后用不定式定语形式。 She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.the /a majority (of) 大多数、大部分大多数、大部分The / A majority of the country speak (s) English.The / A majority of students were/was against the policy.The majority is / are always able to impose (强加）强加）its/ their will on the minority.majority n. 大多数大多数 The majority_ for the budget.The majority of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. 单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数强调个体时，谓语动词用复数 。 minority 少数少数was / wereare/ isisbe in (the /a) majority 占多数、过半数占多数、过半数1).Those who are for the proposal _.A.in the majority B. are the majorityC. are in the majority D. is in the majority2).The number of students in our class _63 and the majority of them _ clever and work hard.B.is; is B. are; are C. is ; are D. are; is3) Young people were in the majority at the meeting. (Translate)16. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.influence n. 影响力影响力,作用作用,有影响的人或物有影响的人或物e.g. Claudes work had _ on generations of musicians. 克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响. Her mother said that I was _ on her daughter. 她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响.a major influencea bad influence 17. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 1) remain的用法的用法: remain用作不及物动词用作不及物动词, 意为意为 “剩下、留下、剩下、留下、呆在呆在”, 相当于相当于stay。如如: When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room. 别人走了别人走了, 琼留下来清扫房间。琼留下来清扫房间。 stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开, 或暂或暂时住在某地时住在某地, 尤指宾客逗留尤指宾客逗留, 而而remain指别人已指别人已经走了经走了, 而某人仍在原地。而某人仍在原地。注意注意: “呆在那里呆在那里”可以说可以说remain / stay there, 但但“呆在家里呆在家里”只能说只能说stay (at) home。 remain作连系动词作连系动词, 意意为为 “一直保持一直保持, 仍然处于某种状态中仍然处于某种状态中”, 后后可接多种成分作表语。可接多种成分作表语。注意注意: remain 作名词时作名词时, 表示表示“剩余物剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式。如一般用其复数形式。如:The remains of a meal can be given to a pig. 残汤剩饭可以喂猪。残汤剩饭可以喂猪。They found some remains of the Tang Dynasty. 他们发现一些唐代遗物。他们发现一些唐代遗物。 remaining 是形容词是形容词, 意为意为“剩余的剩余的”,常作前置定语常作前置定语; 而而left则只能作后置定语。则只能作后置定语。如如: There are only 5 books left. 只剩下五本书了。只剩下五本书了。 He bought me a gift with the remaining money. 他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 2) make a life 开始新的生活开始新的生活 They go to big cities to make a life. 他们去大城市开始新的生活。他们去大城市开始新的生活。 关于关于life的短语：的短语： earn/make/get a living 谋生谋生 lead/live a .life 过着过着.的生活的生活 18. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到到1850年加利福尼亚选举成为美国的第年加利福尼亚选举成为美国的第31个州为止，她已经成为一个多元文化个州为止，她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。的社会。 “by the time + 从句从句” 作时间状语，作时间状语， 若从句用一般过去时若从句用一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成主句常用过去完成时时; 若从句用一般现在时若从句用一般现在时, 主句就用将来主句就用将来完成时。完成时。 By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself. elect vt.1. 选举选举; 推选推选They elected Tom as their representative.他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。We elected our monitor by a show of hands.我们举手选举了班长。我们举手选举了班长。2. 选择选择, 决定决定 +to-v19. .it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s . ., 但是更大批量的移民却是在但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。路而来到加利福尼亚的。 本句用了强调句本句用了强调句It is (was) 被强调部分被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。句子其他部分。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。宾语和状语。 原句：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语：强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用注意不用when) 强调地点：强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.练习：练习： 1) It was last night _ I see the comet. A. the time B. when C. that D. which 强调句的结构是：强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，有两个，that和和who。当强调的部分是人，当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余其余用用that。2). It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. 其其实本句不是强调句。若是实本句不是强调句。若是, 去掉去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It isthat”, 只剩下只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因不成句。因此本句不是强调句。此本句不是强调句。20. a large percentage have chosen= a large percentage of Chinese-Americans have chosen .1). A large percentage of population live in big cities.2). 这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。游客。 A large percentage of the hotels income comes from the visitors to the lake.3). Only a small percentage of students are foreigners.percent (用在数词后）（其余都用用在数词后）（其余都用percentage)(1)The result is expressed _ (以以百分比百分比).(2)_ (比例越来越大比例越来越大) of the population own their own houses.(3)_ (大部分大部分) people came.(4)_ (百分之五十的学生百分之五十的学生) came form workers family.as a percentage An increasing percentage A large percentage of 50 percent of students21. establish a town 建立城镇建立城镇establish a new business 开创新事业开创新事业establish friendly relations with建立友好关系建立友好关系establish that he was right.证明他是对的。证明他是对的。22. which today still keeps up their Danish culture.保持；坚持保持；坚持The manager asked the workers to keep up the work. 经理要求工人们继续干活。经理要求工人们继续干活。继续；持续继续；持续The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded. 雨持续下了两天，路面积水成灾。雨持续下了两天，路面积水成灾。23. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians Vietnamese and Laotians. 最近几十年最近几十年, 加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡, 其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。挝人。 这是一个简单句。句中有这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等时间状语等时间状语时时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，如如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外另外, including 是介词是介词, 意意为为“包括包括(于于之中之中)”。24. immigrate vi. (to/ into)移居，迁入移居，迁入他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国 As a child, he immigrated to the US from Ireland.immigration n. immigration laws移民法移民法immigrant (s) n. the European immigrants25. It is believed that It is said that It is hoped that It is supposed that It is suggested that It is reported that 主语从句主语从句It is reported that some European countries are flooded severely . It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down. 26. mix 混合混合 n.混合，混乱混合，混乱 V.1). We have to come up with a mix (n. )of policies to please the voters.（ 折中）折中）2). You can mix yellow and blue together to make green.3). We can not mix work with pleasure. mixture n. 混合物混合物,混合体混合体4).这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物 The drink is a mixture of 3 different sorts of drinks. a mixture of sadness and anger / water and oilvi.混合，使混合，使结合结合 1). Oil and water dont mix2). Oil doesnt mix with water.3). Tom and John mix like oil and water.4). I got /was mixed up at first. 头脑混乱头脑混乱5). He was mixed up in the scandal.(丑闻丑闻) 牵连到牵连到6). Dont get mixed up with them. 与与交往交往, 有联系有联系Success is a _ of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking.A. mixture B. thought C. time D. action27. nationality 国籍国籍 1). 她是美国国籍但住在中国。她是美国国籍但住在中国。 She has American nationality but lives in China. 2). - 你是哪国人？你是哪国人？ - 中国人中国人 -Whats your nationality? -Chinese
