形容词和副词的用法.ppt

1.1.形容词和副词的形容词和副词的基本用法基本用法2. 2. 形容词和副词的词义辨析形容词和副词的词义辨析, ,词性转换。词性转换。3. 3. 形容词修饰名词时的词序问题。形容词修饰名词时的词序问题。4. 4. 形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级、最高级比较级、最高级的用法和规则。的用法和规则。5. 5. 表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等的副词的用法。关系等的副词的用法。形容词(adj.)用来修饰名词或代词， 表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。【翻译句子】 (1)这是一座美丽的公园。 (2)这个动物园既生动又有趣。(3)谁把窗开着的？Its a beautiful park. The zoo is both moving and interesting.Who left the window open?【结论1】形容词在句中一般作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语。定语形容词表语形容词以-ly 结尾的形容词复合形容词latter, little, many, live, lonely, main, only, real, inner, outer, wooden, elderill, well, sure, unable, worth, drunk, glad, ill, well, sure, unable, worth, drunk, glad, content, sorrycontent, sorryafraid, alike, awake, alone, alive, asleep, afraid, alike, awake, alone, alive, asleep, ashamed, ashamed, 修饰这类形容词一般不用修饰这类形容词一般不用very，而用，而用much或其或其他副词，（他副词，（ill, well除外）除外）much afraid, fast / sound asleep, wide awake, well worth (doing) 以-ly 结尾的形容词elderly, lively, lovely, orderly, silly, ugly, smelly, deadly friendly, motherly, manly, comradelymonthly, timely, daily, newly, weeklyten-year, two-manlife-long, world-famous,red-hot(炽热的炽热的), dark-bluetired-looking, ordinary-lookinghard-working, fast-movingpeace-loving, kite-flying, mouth-watering(令人垂涎的； 非常好吃的) kind-heartedhard-won(难得的，来之不易的 ), newly-madesnow-covered, hand-made; four-storeyed, three-legged(有三条腿的，三脚的 )难得的，来之不易的难得的，来之不易的 方法1:(县官行令宴国材)方法二:美小圆旧黄，中国木书房a nice small round old yellow Chinese wooden reading room.美代表描述或性质类；小代表大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类；圆代表形状类；旧代表新旧、年龄类形容词；黄代表颜色类；中国代表来源、国籍、地区、出处类；木代表“物质、材料、质地类形容词；书代表用途、类别、功能、作用类；房代表中心名词。表示情感类的过去分词表示心理状态，而现在分词则表示性质，令人exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的【完成例句】 (7)今天的报纸没有什么新的东西。There is nothing new in todays newspaper. (8)人民，只有人民，才是创造历史的动力。The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history. (9)你还知道别的什么？What else do you know?(10)你认识那个肩上扛一袋米的人吗？Do you know the man carrying a bag full of rice on his back?【结论】形容词一般都作前置定语，但在下列情况作后置定语： 1.由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting2.else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are.3.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定 语要后置。如：eg: Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson?4.以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如：Eg. He is the only man awake at that time.5.以下词只做后置定语： present (在场的，出席的), involved (有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting (反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。Eg. the students present (出席的学生)Eg. the cost involved (所需费用)形容词级的变化规律和级的用法:一、形容词级的变化：1、规律变化： 单音词的变化：（四条）一般情况：+er(比较级)+estbright-brighter-thebrightest明亮的dear-dearer-thedearest clever-cleverer-thecleverest 词末为-e（不发音）+ r -+st eg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicest cute-cuter-the cutest close-closer-the closest white-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest(特殊) 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母的： 双写辅音字母+er-双写辅音字母+est eg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddest wet-wetter-the wettest sad-sadder-the saddest fat-fatter-the fattest thin-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-fittest 少数以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节 原根词： 变y为i+er 变y为i+est Eg: easy easier easiest early earlier earliest(2)多数多音节形容词，前面加more或most原级比较级最高级usefulmore usefulmost usefulimportantmore importantmost important(3)少数形容词的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good好的well健康的betterbestbad坏的ill病的worseworstmany许多much许多moremostlittle少lessleastfar远的farther更远的further更进一步old老的，旧的older较年长的，较旧的elder较年长的oldest最年长的，最旧的eldest最年长的倍数表达法主要有以下5种：(1)A+动词+倍数as原级as+ B(2) A+动词+倍数比较级than + B(3) A+动词+倍数the size / length / weight / height of +B【特别提醒】表示倍数的词始终在前面。 (1)我们的新房子是旧房子的3倍大。Our new house was three times as large as the old one. Our new house was twice larger than the old one. Our new house was three times the size of the old one. 副词(adv.)是一种用来修饰动词、 形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。【完成例句】 (4)你是完全对的。 (5)他昨晚很晚才睡觉。 (6)幸运的是，我没有被撞倒。You are completely right. He went to bed late last night. Luckily, I was not knocked down. 【结论2】副词在句中主要作状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和句子。一一副词的种类副词的种类时间副词now, today, recently, late, soon, yet等。频率副词often, always, usually, seldom, frequently等。地点、方向副词away, abroad, anywhere, downstairs, home, here, there等。方式副词clearly, carefully, alone, high, quickly等。程度副词almost, a little, much, very, rather, quite, fairly, deeply等。疑问连接副词when, where, why, how等。否定副词not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never等。其他副词even, also, only, too, perhaps等。【完成例句】(14)这本书是很有趣的。This book is quite interesting.(15)这男孩已够大，可以上学了。【结论1】 The boy is old enough to go to school. 副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前，但enough, nearby必须置于其后。二、副词的位置【完成例句】 (16)他总是乐于助人。He is always ready to help others. (17)我永远也忘不了那天。 I will never forget that day. 【结论2】频率副词(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly, sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。【完成例句】 (18)幸运的是，他没有被淹死而是被解放军救了起来。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. (19)对她来说，她的继母对她很慈善。 Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. 【结论3】修饰全句的副词多置于句首，作评注性状语(即发表评论或表明看法的状语)。 1多个副词同时出现时的顺序 (1)、方式副词地点副词时间副词Eg: She sat quietly in the room for an hour(2)、在表示动作的动词后面，地点副词或状语通常置于副词前面。They went to school hurriedly after launch(3)小的时间/地点大的时间/地点Come to see me at 3 oclock in the afternoon.副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面须加more 或most. 不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。 原级比较级最高级 hardharderhardestfast faster fastestlate laterlatestearly earlier earliestquickly more quickly most quicklystrongly more strongly most stronglycarefullymore carefully most carefullyefficientlymore efficientlymost efficiently 原级 比较级 最高级wellbetterbest badly worse worstlittle less leastmuch more mostfar farther, furtherfarthest, furthest