西湖博物馆分析.docx

西湖博物馆分析中文翻译成英文西湖博物馆WestLakeMuseum2005年开放的杭州西湖博物馆是中国第一座湖泊类专题博物馆。以推广西湖文化、宣传西湖普世价值为己任，致力于承当和尽力实现博物馆的社会教育职能，传播西湖文化等方面发挥了积极作用。2020年西湖博物馆进行了内部调整，调整后的西湖博物馆展陈全面展示西湖作为人类文化景观遗产的完好性和真实性，以丰富的史料和实物印证了西湖的普世价值。在西湖申报世界文化遗产经过中，西湖博物馆接待了世界古迹遗址理事会世界遗产中心专家对西湖申报世界文化景观遗产进行的实地考评验收，成为世遗专家和学者了解和认识西湖的重要一站，得到世遗专家的充分肯定。2020年6月，西湖申遗获得成功，西湖博物馆为西湖成功获得世界文化景观遗产做出了重要奉献。HangzhouWestLakeMuseumwhichwasopenedin2005isthefirsttopicmuseumoflakekindinChina.WithamissiontopopularizeGuangxilakecultureandadvertisetheuniversalvalueofWestLake,ithasplayedapositiveroleinundertakingandachievingsocialeducationofmuseum,andspreadingWestLakeculture,etc.In2020,theWestLakeMuseummadesomeinternaladjustments.Afteradjustment,itcomprehensivelyexhibitstheintegrityandtruthofWestLakeashumanculturallandscapeinheritance,anditverifiestheuniversalvalueofWestLakewithabundanthistoricaldataandsubstance.DuringWestLakedeclaringtheworldculturallandscapeinheritance,WestLakeMuseumreceivedtheexpertsfromWorldHeritageCenter,ICOMOS,whomadefieldevaluationandacceptanceonWestLakesapplicationforworldculturallandscapeheritage.ItbecomesanimportantstationtounderstandandknowWestLakeforworldheritageexpertsandscholarswhofullyaffirmeditscontributions.InJune,2020,WestLakesucceededinapplicationforworldheritage,towhichWestLakeMuseumhadmadegreatcontributions.诗情画意西湖题名景观Poetic,theLandscapeinscriptionsofWestLake自然的造化与历代人工治理营造的完美结合，孕育了西湖清新秀美、内蕴深厚的独特景观，而其中最具魅力和影响力的景观，无疑当属西湖景观的精华“西湖十景。西湖十景始于13世纪上半叶，是由南宋皇家画院的画家在创作西湖画作及其题名的活动中逐步产生的，后经元明传承、清代皇家钦定而最终确立，并沿袭至今。ItisaperfectcombinationofnaturalmagicandartificialgovernanceofpastagestobreedfreshandelegantuniquenessofWestLakelandscapewithprofoundimplication.AndthemostcharmingandinfluentialscenerywillsurelybetheessenceofWestLakelandscape,tenscenesinWestLake.TenscenesinWestLakedatesfromthefirsthalfofthe13thcentury,whichgraduallyemergedineventswhenpaintersfromroyalpaintingacademyintheSouthernSongDynastycreatedWestLakepaintingsandinscriptions.Later,afterinheritanceofYuanandMingdynasty,andtheaffirmationbyimperialorderinQingdynasty,itwasultimatelyset,wheretheyremaintoday.苏堤春晓一株杨柳一株桃，夹镜双湖绿映袍SpringDawnatSuCauseway(willowandpeachoneafteranotheringoodorder,andthetwinlakesaresobrightandgreenthatcanmirroryourgown)苏堤贯穿湖面，安步其上，六桥起伏，湖山胜景如画图般展开，是观赏西湖山光水色的最佳地带。春季，堤上垂柳初绿、桃花盛开，绿柳如烟、红桃如雾，弥漫着春机盎然的活泼景象。为南宋“西湖十景之首。SuCausewayrunsthroughthelake,andwhenyouramble,thesixbridgeswillseemtofluctuateinwater,asifwonderfulsceneryoflakeandmountainisunfoldingasapicture.HereisthebestplacetoenjoythebeautyofmountainsandlakesforWestLake.Inspring,theweepingwillowturnsgreenovercauseway,thepeachblossoms,greenwillowslooklikesmokeandredpeachlikefog,allwhicharealivewithlivelyscenesofvibrantspring.Itisthefirstof"TenViewsoftheWestLake"inthesouthernSongdynasty.曲院风荷接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红LotusintheBreezeatCrookedCourtyard(Theemeraldlotusleavesreachasfaraswherewaterandskiesmeet,andlotusblossomsbathinginsunshineexhibitadistinctivedazzlingpink)古时曲院多荷，夏日湖面水波不兴，绿盖红衣。荷香随微风飘送，令人备感神清气爽。荷花“出淤泥而不染，在中国传统文化中寓意“品格高尚，故为该景注入了审美和人格追求的双重意蕴。Inancienttimes,manycrookedcourtyardsoftengrewlotuses.Theyseemlikeingreenveilandredclotheswhenthelakewasstillinsummer.Thescentoflotusflowerswaftsalongwiththebreeze,andmakespeoplerefreshed.Aslotusflowersliveinthesiltbutnotimbrued,theyimplymeaningof“high-mindedcharacterinChinesetraditionalculture.Sotheyinfusedoubleimplicationsofaestheticsandpursuitofpersonalitytosuchscenery.平湖秋月万顷湖平长似镜，四时月好最宜秋AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake(theboundlessexpanseoflakeiscalmandclear,justasabrightmirror,andthemooninautumnisthemostbeautiful)秋夜,湖边高阁凌波，倚窗俯水，视野开阔，但见皓月当空，银波万顷，金风送爽，水月相融。置身其间，恍若身处月宫之上。古代文人雅士视秋季安静冷静僻静清澄之湖水和干净无暇之夜月为人格高洁的象征，故喜于秋夜在此玩月饮酒，赋曲作诗。Inautumnnight,withtowersandrushingwavesinlake,ifyouleanonwindowandoverlookwater,youwillhaveawidenhorizon.Thebrightmoonisshininginthesky,withboundlessglitteringwave,coolbreeze,andthewaterandmoonintegrates.Standinginsuchscenerywillmakeyoufeelstayinpalaceofthemoon.Theancientscholarsregardedthepeace,clearlakeandclean,flawlessnightmoonasthesymbolofvirtuouspersonality,sotheyenjoyedappreciatingmoonanddrinkingwhileplayingtuneandwrotepoemsathere.断桥残雪独有断桥荒藓路，尚余残雪酿春寒MeltingSnowatBrokenBridge(onlyisthebrokenbridgefullofmottledmossbrewingacoldspringbymeltingsnow)西湖景观的欣赏以“雪湖最美，而断桥又是观赏西湖雪景的最佳之处。每当瑞雪初晴，举目四望，但见冻湖如墨，周围孤山、葛岭一带铺琼砌玉，晶莹朗澈，呈现黑白分明，扣人心弦的景象；登宝石山往南俯瞰，白堤皑皑如银链横陈，断桥向阳桥面积雪融化露出褐色的桥面一痕，仿fo长长的白链到此中断，呈“雪残桥断之景。ThebestsceneatWestLakeis“snowlake,andbrokenbridgeisthemostwonderfulplacetoenjoysnow.Wheneveritissunnyafterauspicioussnow,lookingaround,youwillseethefrozenlakeasdarkblueink,lonelymountainandGelingareasurroundedarepavingwithglitteringandtranslucentjade,whichpresentsabreathtakingpictureofsharplycontrastedblackandwhite;climbupBaoshiMountainandoverlooksouthward,thewhitecausewayispurewhite,justlikeasilverchainlying,againstthebridgedeckexposedtothesunemergeswithabrownmarkofdeckduringsnowmelting,asiflongwhitechainbrokeoffhere.Soitiswellknownfor“meltingsnowatbrokenbridge.花港观鱼花家山下流花港，花著鱼身鱼嘬花ViewingFishatflowerharbor(flowerharborisflowingatthefootofHuajiaMountain,andfishescompetetobitepetalswhiletheyareflyingintowater)湖畔园内,叠石为山，凿地为池。春日，桃花落瓣，引得池中锦鲤争相嘬花，别有意趣。古时为追求闲逸疏放的文人雅士萃集、争相题咏之所。Inlakesidepark,thestoneslayingmakesrockerywhiledrillinggroundmakespond.Inspring,theflyingpetalsofpeachblossomsattractKoifishestocompetetobitetheminpond,interestingandcharming.Inoldtimes,itisaresortforrefinedscholarswhopursuedleisureandopennesstogatherandwritepoems.柳浪闻莺翠浪翻空画不成，赤阑干外听新莺Oriolessinginginthewillows(emeraldgreenwaverollingishardtodraw,andyoucanheartheoriolessingingoutsideredrail)西湖边清波门附近，历来绿柳成行，低垂的柳丝在清风中摇扬，如翠浪在空中翻滚；柳林中莺鸟鸣啼，生机盎然。故亦为旧时文人墨客品赏风景、吟诗作画之佳处。NearQingbomenatWestLake,italwayshasgreenwillowsinrows.Droopywillowbranchesarewaveringincoolbreeze,asemeraldgreenwaveisrollingintheair;theoriolesinginginthewillows,overflowingwithvigor.Soinoldtimes,itisaplaceforwritersandscholarstoenjoysights,chantpoetryandpaintpictures.南宋时期，清波门外有孝宗皇帝濒水所建的御苑“聚景园，园内垂柳成行，得名“柳浪闻莺。清代因康熙帝巡游西湖而复兴。现仍保存着清代以来构成的基本相貌。InsouthernSongDynasty,Xiaozongemperorbuiltimperialgarden,Jujinggarden,besidewateroutsideQingbomen.Ingarden,thewillowsinneatrows,soitbecomeswellknownfor“oriolessinginginthewillows.ItrevivedwhenKangxiemperorinQingdynastyparadedWestLake.NowitremainsthebasicfeaturesinQingdynasty.三潭印月半夜冰轮初出海，一湖金水欲熔秋Threepoolsmirroringthemoon(theboatjustsailsinmidnight,andthegoldenwaterislikemeltingthewholeautumn)每当月夜，“三潭点烛，天月、水月、塔月与人心中之月交融辉映，激发和寄托了“千里共婵娟的思念之情。OnthenightoftheAutumnMoonFestival,lightcandlesat“threepools,themooninsky,water,towerandonlookersheartblendeachother,inspiratingandplacinghopesofmissingsentimentof“Thoughfarapart,wearestillabletosharethebeautyofthemoontogether.明万历间浚湖堆土而成，呈“湖中有岛，岛中有湖的“田字形格局，为江南水上园林的经典。全岛以亭台楼阁配以传统花木构成色彩绚丽的景致，与岛内外水光云天相映，象征了中国古代神话中的蓬莱仙岛。DuringWanliperiodofMingdynasty,thelakewasmadebysoilheap,withpatternofChinese“Tianletter,“anisletwithinthelakeswithintheislet,whichisafeatureforwaterlandscapeinJiangnanarea.Thepavilions,terracesandtowersonwholeislandmatchwithtraditionalflowersandtreestoformacolorfulscene,whichcontrastwithwater,cloudandskyoutsideisland,symbolizingthePenglaiislandofimmortalsinancientChinesemythology.双峰插云一苇清光万顷波，两峰凝黛独嵯峨TwinpeakspiercingClouds(thereisaboatonboundlessexpanseoflake,andtwopeaksseeminglikeblackpigmentareverytowering)西湖南北高峰在唐宋时各有塔一座，在春、秋晴朗之日远望两峰，可见遥相对峙的双塔巍然屹立，气势非凡。每当云雾弥漫，塔尖于云中时隐时显，恍若云天fo国。TherewasapagodaonthesouthandnorthpeakinTangandSongdynasties.Lookingoutatthetwinpeaksonasunnydayinspringandautunm,youcanseethetwinpagodasstandingtallandfacingeachother,extremlyextraordinary.Whenevercouldandmistdiffuses,thespirewillbeintermittentlyvisibleincloud,asiftheacloudyskyandlandofbuddha.此景原名“两峰插云。清康熙帝南巡时，易“两为“双，御题“双峰插云，并在洪春桥旁建观景亭和御碑亭。后塔毁，该景目因南、北高峰而照旧保留。Itsoriginalnameofsuchsceneis“TwopeakspiercingClouds.WhenQingKangxiemperiortouredinsouthernChina,hechanged“twoto“twin,madeinscriptionof“Twinpeakspiercingclouds,andbuiltlookoutpavilionandpavilionofimperialtabletbesideHongchunBridge.Later,thepagodasweredamaged,butsuchscenicspotremainsowingtothesouthandnorthpeaks.雷峰夕照湖上画船归欲尽，孤峰犹带夕阳红SunsetglowatLeifengpagoda(thereturningbargealmostdisappearsinlake,butthedistantpeakisstillcoveredwithsunsetglow.)每当夕阳西坠，彩霞映天，景象瑰丽，雷峰塔在霞光照射下，如横空出世，愈显宏伟深沉，震人心魄。此刻，若联想到该塔因著名民间故事（白蛇传）而成为坚贞不移的爱情象征，则眼前之壮美景象又会平添一分浪漫的气息。Wheneversunsetfallsintheevening,therosyclouddyestheskyred,andthesightsismagnificent.Intheraysofevengingsunlight,Leifengpagodaemergesacrossthehorizon,becomingmoremajestic,deepandamazing.Atthismoment,ifyouthinkthatLeifengpagodaisthesymboloffaithfullove,whichiswellknownforthefamousfolktales,LegendoftheWhiteSnake,andthemagnificentscenebeforeeyeswilladdalittleromanticfeeling.南屏晚钟玉屏青嶂暮烟飞，绀殿钟声落翠微EveningbellatNanpinghill(eveningmistcoversgreenhillasemeraldshieldandbelltonefromtemplefallsontoverdantmountain)西湖南屏山净慈寺向晚击钟，钟声回荡于湖面、峰峦、林樾间，缠绵缭绕，经久不息，营造出幽微空明的禅境，置身其间，令人顿生超然脱世之感。IfringbellinJingciTempleofNanpingHill,WestLakeatdusk,thesoundwillechothroughlake,hill,woods,lingeringintheairforalongtime,andformafaint,emptyandclearBuddhismprospect.Ifyouarehere,youwillsuddenlyhavethesenseofdetachment.该景或许是西湖十景中问世最早的景目，北宋末画家张择端就曾画过（南屏晚钟图）。南屏山别称“fo国山，早在五代即建有净慈寺。寺内晨钟暮鼓，香客云集。历来为杭城除夕撞钟祈福、辞旧迎新的场所。ItisascenicspotthatmaybeappearedfirstamongtenviewsoftheWestLake.Thepainter,ZhangZeduan,inthelateNorthernSongdynasty,drewapicturenamedafterEveningbellatNanpinghill.“BuddhalandhillisanothernameofNanpinghill,andJingciTemplehadexistedasearlyastheFiveDynasties.Intemple,ringbellinthemorningandbeatdrumatdusk,wherevariouspilgrimsgather.IthasalwaysbeenasitetoringbellonNewYearEvetopray,ringtheoldyearoutandthenewyearinforHangzhoucity.吴山天风SkywindoverWuHill吴山左挹钱塘江、右襟西子湖。登山远眺，微风扑爽，湖山美景尽收眼底，令人豪情顿生。巾帼英雄秋瑾有诗云：“老树扶疏夕照红，石台高耸近天风。WuHillisonleftofYantangRiverandonrightofWestLake.Ifyouoverlookatahill,withbreezecaressingyourface,youwillenjoyanexcellentviewoflakeandhills,andsuddenlyfilledwithpride.Theheroine,Qiujin,hasapoem:“theleafyoldtreesturnreadinsunsetglow,andthestonestandistoweringclosetosky玉皇飞云FlyingcloudsoverjadeEmperorhill玉皇山山姿雄峻巍峨，凌空突兀，山顶云雾缭绕。伫立山巅登云阁上，脚下浮云飘动，使人如临仙境，飘飘欲飞。ThemagnificentandtoweringJadeEmperorhillthrustsitselftowardsthesky,whosetopisveiledinmist.Standingoncloudpavilionatmountainpeak,thecloudsatfootfloats,whichmakeyoufeelinfairyland,likeflying.黄龙吐翠YellowDragoncavedressedingreen西湖栖霞岭黄龙洞茂林修竹，碧绿参天，“黄龙盘踞，口喷清泉，恍若仙境。传讲南宋时黄龙随江西慧开禅师到此，吐水而解民困。TheYellowDragoncaveattheQixiaHill,WestLakeisgrowingluxuriousbamboosgroves,darkgreenandtowering,and“YellowDragonisentrenchedhere,whospitsclearspring,asifinfairyland.ThereisalegendthatintheSouthernSongdynasty,theYellowDragonfollowedHuikaiChanmasterfromJiangxiProvincetocomehere,tohelpthepeopleintroublebyspittingwater.阮墩环碧RuanGongisletsubmergedingreenery清嘉庆间浙江巡抚阮元疏浚西湖，将淤泥堆筑成岛，后人称为阮公墩。后岛经精心装点美化，景致日显迷人。远望之，四周碧波荡漾，岛上草木繁盛，故称阮墩环碧。IntheJiaqingperiodofQingdynasty,RuanYuan,ZhejianggovernordredgedWestLakeandpiledthesludgeintoaisletwhichisknownforRuanGongIslet.Later,theisletwasdecoratedandbeautifiedelaborately,sothescenebecomesmoreandmorecharming.Viewedfromadistance,greenlakeripplesallaroundyou,theisletgrowsluxuriantgrassandtrees,soitiscalledasRuanisletembracedwithgreens.虎跑梦泉Dreamofthetigerspring相传唐时高僧性空居西湖大慈山白鹤峰下，苦于无水，一晚梦到两虎刨出山泉，醒后见山泉清洌醇厚，琼液涌溢。ThereisalegendthataeminentmonknamedXingKonglivedatthefootofWhiteCranepeak,DaciMountain,WestLake,sufferedforwater.Onenight,hedreamedoftwotigersdugoutmountainspring.Onwaking,hesawspring,clearandmellow,likeagarliquid,spillingout.宝石流霞Preciousstonehillfloatinginrosyclouds宝石山山岩赭红如宝石。阳光映照下，满山流霞纷披，熠熠生辉，分外耀目，呈现出一幅云蒸霞蔚满天金的灿烂图画。PreciousstoneMountain,ismadeupofreddishbrownrocks.Inthesun,thewholemountainisinrosyclouds,sparkling,particularlybrightly,presentingabrilliantpicturethatrosycloudsarerisingandgatheringtogetherslowly.九溪烟树Ninecreeksinmistyforest九溪十八涧以溪急弯多而出名。其间泉水淙淙，水流湍急，水气蒸腾，云雾弥漫，林间青烟缭绕，故名九溪烟树。NineCreeksandEighteenGulliesarewellknownforrapidstreamandmanyturns.Thespringhereisgurgling,thecurrentisswift,thesteamisrising,thecloudandmistisdiffuseeverywhere,greensmokeinforestlingeredintheair,soitisnamedafterNinecreeksinmistyforest.龙井问茶Enjoyingteaatdragonwell相传龙井与海相通，因海中有龙而得名。龙井泉奇特之处在于当你搅动它时，水面会出现一条分水线，仿fo龙须般不断摆动，饶有幽默。龙井更以茶出名，于此品茗赏景，兴味盎然。Thereisalegendthatdragonwellconnectedwiththesea,anditwaswellknownforhavingdragoninthesea.Themarvelofdragonwellisthatwhenyoustirit,awatershedwillappearonwatersurface,asifthedragonbeardwiggling,veryinteresting.Furthermore,dragonwellisfamousfortea,comeheretodrinkteaandenjoybeautifulscenery,withgreatdelight.云栖竹径Bamboo-linedpathatYunqi云栖深藏五云山中，相传常有山中飘出五彩祥云在坞中栖留，故名云栖。其间翠竹成荫，遮天蔽日，清凉幽静。YunqiisdeepinWuyunMountain.Legendsaysthatitoftenfloatedoutmulticoloredcloudswhichperchedincoves.Duringsuchtime,thegreenbamboosareflourishing,whichshelteredthesky,verycoolandrefreshing.满陇桂雨SweetosmanthusrainatMannjuelong满觉陇自明代起即为杭州赏桂胜地。金秋时节，桂花盛开，秋风拂动，浓密的桂粟纷纷而落，树下游人如行走在桂雨之间，沐雨披香，另有一番情趣。ManjuelonghasbeentheresorttoenjoyosmanthussinceMingdynasty.Ingoldenautumn,theosmanthusareblooming,andpetalsfalloffwhileswayinginbreeze.Walkingundertrees,thevisitorsfeelinsweetosmanthusrain.Itisdefinitelydifferentflavorbathinginrainandperfume.灵隐寺LingyinTemple位于西湖北高峰南麓。始建于东晋咸和元年326，相传为印度僧人慧理所创，南宋时被封为禅林宫寺制度中最高级别的“五山十刹之一，是江南地区最著名的fo寺之一，亦为西湖fo寺之冠。寺自创立以来屡毁屡建，现存寺院规模是在清末重建的基础上屡次整修后所构成的。ItislocatedatthesouthernfootofBeigaoHill,WestLake.FoundedinthefirstyearofXianheinEasternJindynasty(326),legendsaysLingyinTemplewascreatedbyanIndiamonk,Huili,whichwasconferredoneofthe“fivemountainsandtenmonasteries,thehighestlevelinBuddhisttemples.Itisoneofthemostwell-knownBuddhisttemples,andthefirstamongBuddhisttemplesatWestLake.Sinceestablishment,thetemplehasbeendestroyedandrebuiltformanytimes.AndtheexistingscaleoftemplewasformedaftermanytimesofrenovationbasedonthatinthelateQingdynasty.净慈寺JingciTemple位于西湖南屏山中峰慧日峰下，是与灵隐寺齐名的西湖古刹。后周显德元年954吴越国王钱弘俶创立，初名慧日永明院。寺初建时奉法眼宗，因而对法眼宗在杭州的传播有重要影响。自宋至今几经兴毁，现存寺院是在清代重建基础上经屡次整修后构成的。SituatedatthefootofHuiripeak,NanpingMountain,itisanancienttemplejustasfamousasLingyinTemple.ItwascreatedbyQianHongchu,thekingofWuYue,inthefirstyearofXiande,thelaterZhoudynasty(954),whosebeginningnameisYongmingCourtyard,Huiri.Atthefirsttimeofconstruction,thetemplebelievedinFayanSect,soithasagreatinfluenceonspreadingFayanSectinHangzhou.IttemplehasbeendestroyedandrebuiltformanytimessinceSongdynasty.AndtheexistingtemplewasformedbasedonreconstructioninQingdynasty.抱朴道院BaopuTaoistTemple位于西湖葛岭。东晋著名道家、医学家、炼丹家葛洪284-364曾在此结庐炼丹，他著有（抱朴子）内外篇70卷，对杭州道教影响很大。抱朴庐至唐代逐步扩建，此后屡毁屡建。二十世纪八十年代，道院经重修后对外开放。ItissituatedinGeling.GeHongwhoisafamousTaoist,medicalscholarandalchemistintheEasternJindynasty,(284-363),builtcottageandpracticedalchemyhere.HewroteBaopuzi,70volumes,whichhasgreatinfluenceonTaoisminHangzhou.BaopucottagehasgraduallyexpandedsinceTangdynasty,andlater,italsohasbeendestroyedandrebuiltformanytimes.Inthe1980s,theTaoisttemplereopenedafterrebuilding.