八年级英语下册资料一.pdf

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆马山新思维培训学校八年级英语下册学习资料一Module 1 Feelings and impressions 重点词组：on top 在顶端，在上边at the top of 在。 。 。顶端a bit 有点have a try 尝一尝，试试看in the middle 在中间hear from 收到。 。 。的来信arrive at 到达each other 彼此，互相as well也be proud of.为。 。 。而感到骄傲be good at擅长at first 起初in the right way 用正确的方式be afraid of (doing) sth 害怕(做）某事，某物be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid +that 从句， 害怕/担心。 。 。I afraid.恐怕。 。 。look like 看起来像close to离。 。 。近shake hands with与。 。 。握手have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食try to do sth 尽力去做某事try doing sth 试着做某事try not to do sth 尽量不去制造任何声响be sure确信，确保，同 make sure at school在学校be excited about对。 。 。兴奋单独使用Perhaps he will come, but I m sure.或许他会来，但我没有把握be sure + of/about He is sure of himself他很自信be sure +(not) to do We re sure to meet one day. 某一天我们肯定会见面的be sure +从句Are you sure what you said? 你确信你说的话吗？be sure +特殊疑问句 +动词不定式We re not sure how to make a good plan.我们不确定如何制定一个好的计划can t wait to do sth 迫不及待地想做某事can t stop doing 禁不住干某事spend.(in) doing.花费。 。 。做。 。 。spend.on sth 把时间花费在。 。上don t spend much time (in) playing computer games. 不要花费大量的时间玩电脑游戏hear from sb = gt a letter from sb收到某人的来信as well, also, too与 either 都表示“也，还”as well 可以用于和句末also 一般用于句中too 一般用于句末，用于句中时前后用逗号隔开either 用于否定句学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆take pride in.为。 。 。自豪，为。 。骄傲feel +adj.+ about doing sth对做某事感到。 。feel +形容词 +about sb./sth 对某人 /某事感到。 。in a few days在几天之后in +some time 表示“在一段时间之后”多用于将来时态，提问用how soon 句型1. What does sb./sth look like? 用于询问某人或某物的外部特征。What does your pen friend look like?你的笔友长得怎么样？2. What is sb/sth. like?询问某人或某物的性格，特征等。What is your new teacher like? 你们的新老师怎么样？3.thanks for.为。 。 。而感谢。 。Thanks for telling me about your hobbies. 谢谢你告诉我你的爱好4.询问某人做某事感觉如何How do you feel about coming to China? 关于来中国你感觉如何？5.What a delicious smell!闻起来很美味6.Thank you for doing.感谢做某事7.I don t know how to do.我不知道怎么做某事8.It looks lovely,it smells delicious ,and mm, it tastes good. 它看起来悦目、闻起来美味、尝起来很好。9.It doesn t smell fresh.它闻起来不新鲜。10.It was great to hear from you, and I can t wait to meet you.收到你的邮件太好了，我迫不及待地想见到你了。语法讲解表示感觉和知觉的系动词1.表示感觉和知觉的系动词及意义系动词起联系作用， 本身有词义， 但不能单独用作谓语， 后边必须跟表语构成系表结构。表语用来说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。表感觉和知觉的系动词也叫感官动词。所谓感官动词就是指那些反映人的器官感觉的动词。这类系动词有look 看起来， feel 摸起来， sound 听起来，taste 尝起来 ,smell闻起来等，这类系动词没有被动语态形式，不用进行时。2.表示感觉和知觉的系动词的用法。1）感官动词常用物作主语，但feel, look 的主语既可以是人也可以是物。The sweater feels soft. 这件毛衣摸起来很柔软学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆2）感官动词后常接名词，不定式，分词，形容词等作表语。That sounds a good idea/great. 那听起来是个好主意 /不错3）感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当“看”讲时）只能作不及物动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，其主语通常是人。He tasted the tomato soup and it tasted a little salty. 他尝了尝这西红柿汤，它尝起来有点咸4）感官动词的疑问句，否定句。感官动词和 be 动词不同，变疑问句，否定句时要加助动词。规则同行为动词。Does the fish taste fresh? 这鱼尝起来鲜吗？The cheese doesn t taste strong. You may have a try. 奶酪口味不重，你可以尝一尝书面表达范文用几句话描述你的笔友：戴着眼镜，看起来个子很高，留着金色短发。对人友好。爱好是听音乐，跳舞。见到陌生人总是很害羞。One possible version: My pen friend wears glasses. She looks tall with short fair hair. She is friendly to others. Her bobbies are listening to music and dancing. She always feels shy when she meets strangers. 假设你是刘梅， Lucy是你的好朋友，她不是很高，一头金色的长发，喜欢穿牛仔裤，学习成绩优异，爱好音乐和体育，尤其热爱足球，乐于助人，经常帮你学英语。请写一篇80 词左右的短文向你的笔友 Betty 介绍一下好。Bear Betty, I am glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about my best friend,Lucy. She is 15 years old. She is not tall, with long fair hair. She likes wearing jeans. She looks pretty. She loves music. She enjoys sports as well, especially football. She works very hard and she is good at all the subjects. She is kind and she always helps me with my English. With her help, I got good marks. Who is your good friend? Please tell me something about her/him. Yours Liu Mei Module 2 Experiences 学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆短语first prize 一等奖think about 考虑a lot 许多，大量make up编写，创作at the moment 在目前，现在at that moment 在那时，在当时so far到目前为止，迄今count down 倒数，倒计时send for 派人去叫，派人去请send sb sth 或 send sth to sb给某人寄某物send up 发送，发射the rest of 剩余的。 。 。send sb to do sth派某人做某事love doing sth喜爱做某事a different from.与。 。 。不同enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事look forward to doing 盼望做事have a Western meal吃西餐travel to the seaside去海边旅行keep forests safe森林安全for the first time 第一次help sb with sth 帮助某人某事make our world greener 使我们的世界更绿in many ways在很多方面help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事。动词不定式符号to 可以省略，动词不定式作宾语补足语the e-dictionary can help you (to) look up words quickly. 电子词典会帮你迅速地查阅单词。Computers help me a lot with my work.电脑在我的工作上邦帮了很大的忙。ever since自。 。 。以后，从。 。起than ever 比以前for ever 一直，永远hardly ever 几乎不stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来（开始）做某事I hope +从句我希望。 。 。 常用来表示祝愿the same as. 与。 。 。一样hope to do sth 希望做某事with sb to do sth 希望某人做某事invite sb to do sth 邀请某人ancient Chinese古代汉语ancient times 古代ancient capital 古都ancient and modern 古今be different from 与。 。 。不一样mix.with.把。 。 。和。 。 。混合在一起travel by plane乘飞机旅行enter a competition 参加竞赛write about 编写around the world 全世界invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事afford to do sth 付得起钱做某事A fifteen-year-old American boy一个 15 岁的美国男孩something special特殊的东西 /事情重点句型1. Have you ever won any prizes before? 你以前获过奖吗？2. I ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday我一直想过一个梦想假期3. I ve also entered lots of speaking competitions,but haven t won any prizes.我也参加了许多工作演讲比赛，但没有获过奖。4. I hope I will win, then I invite you to come with me.我希望我会赢，然后我会邀请你和我一起去5. This language is different from English in many ways,and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words.这种语言和英语在很多方面都不一样，他们发现拼写和拼读这些方面很困难。学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆6. They have friends all over the world, but they also miss their friends in the US.他们的朋友遍布全世界，但他们也想念他们在美国的朋友。7. They are counting down the days. 他们在倒数着日子。8. You can make it up. 你可以编（一个故事）、9. But I can t afford it. 但我付不起钱10. They have been to many interesting places. 他们去过很多有趣的地方。语法讲解现在完成时（一）表示过去的动作已经完成， 但对现在情况仍存在一定的影响；也可表示持续到现在的动作工状态。现在完成时常用的时间状语有recently, lately, since.for. In the past few years, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days. 构成： have/ has +动词的过去分词口诀：have(has) 在前面，过去分词在后边， 以前（before)从来不（never)出现，最近（recently)曾经（ever)一（once)两遍（twice),自从（since) 刚刚(just) for一段，今天（ today)已经（already/ yet)很明显。This is my first time that i have been here. 这是我第一次来这里。Have you ever won any prizes before? 你曾经获过奖吗？现在完成时的各种句型肯定句主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 +其他Mike and Clare have learnt a little Arabic.迈克和克莱尔已经学习了一点阿拉伯语。否定句主语+have/has not +过去分词 +其他I haven t won any prizes. 一般疑问句Have/Has + 主语+过去分词 +其他？肯定回答：Yes,主 语 +have/has.否 定 回 答 ： No, 主 语+haven t/ hasn t Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你曾想过环球世界吗？ Yes, I have. No, I haven t. 书面表达范文刘伟，无臂钢琴演奏者。他十岁时在一次意外中失去双臂，但他并没有放弃成为一名钢琴家的梦想。经过用脚刻苦练习，他最终在“中国达人秀”（China s Got Talent) 的舞台上实现了自己的梦想。Liu Wei, a piano player without arms, has a very special experience. He lost his arms in an accident at the age of 10, but he didn t give up his dream. He worked hard to be a pianist. He tried to practise 学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆playing the piano with his feet. Finally he realized his dream in “ China s Got Talent ” . As a student,I ve learnt a lot from his story. We may meet a lot of difficulties in our future life, but we should believe that our dream will come true by working hard. No matter ow hard life is, we won t fail unless we give up our hope. 假设你是一名中学生，名叫李华，曾经到英国学习和生活了三个月。在那期间，你住在David家中，现在学习已结束，你刚回到家，特意给David写了一封 80 词左右的英文信，内容如下：表达谢意感谢 David 及其家人对你的照顾。难忘的事1.David帮助你学习英语，带你去参观了许多地方；2.David的父母在你生病时送你去医院，给你做好吃的食物。学习收获提高了英语水平，更多地了解了英国的文化发出邀请邀请 David 及其空人到你家做客Dear David, I ve just got back home. I want to say “ Thank you!”most at the moment. You and your parents looked after me well during my stay with your family. You helped me with my English and showed me around many places. When I was ill, your parents sent me to the hospital and prepared delicious food for me. So I got well soon. With your help,my English has greatly improved and I ve learned more about your culture. Thank you for what you have done! I d like to invite you and your parents to visit my family soon. Yours. Li Hua Module 3 Journey to space 重点短语up to 忙于，直到，达到be up to sb由某人决定，是某人的责任far away遥远far away from 离。 。 。远in order to 为了one day有朝一日space travel航天旅行at (the) latest 最迟，最晚go round 围绕。 。 。运行part of.。 。 。的一部分groups of 成群结队search for搜寻，查找on the earth 在地球上hundreds of 成百上千millions of 数百万solar system星系， （尤指）太阳系billions of 数以亿计的take photos 拍照学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆take photos of 给。 。 。拍照take photos for 为。 。 。拍照name after 以。 。 。命名take sb some time to do sth花费某人多长时间做某事as.as. 像。 。 。一样It +be +impossible.+ to do做某事是不可能的as good as. 与。 。 。一样好communicate with 与。 。 。交流communicate.to.把。 。 。传递给。 。get information 获得信息go online 上网far enough 足够多no problem 没问题have been to去过。 。 。has/have gone to去了。 。 。look for 寻找go around。 。围绕。 。 。转运in space在太空重点句型1. 表达某事刚刚或已发生。I ve just made a model spaceship for our school project. 我刚刚为我们的学校课题制作了一个宇宙飞船模型。2. Has it arrived yet?它已经到达了吗？3. Yes, it has arrived already. 是的，它已经到达了。4. Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。5. Scientists think that there has been life on earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学学们认为地球上的生命已有数亿年的历史。6. The spaceship has gone to Mars. 宇宙飞船到火星去了。7. 表达某事尚未发生。I haven t started yet because I m not sure how to make it.我还没开始做，因为我不确定如何制作。8. What are you up to?你在忙什么？9. Has it arrived yet?它已经到达了吗？10. That s why it s on the news.那就是它上新闻的原因。11. It is impossible to do.做。 。 。是不可能的12. They found it very interesting.他们发现它很有趣。语法讲解现在完成时（二）1.现在完成时通常用时间副词just, already, yet等作时间状语。副词意义用法例句just 刚刚常用于肯定句， 有时也用于疑问句。 位于助动词 have/has后，过去分词之前The Greens have just returned from England.格林一家刚从英国回来。already 已经常用于肯定句，位于助动词have/hasThe foreign guests have visited some 学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆后，过去分词前，也可位于句尾，偶尔用于疑问句，表示意料之外，难以置信。places of interest in Beijing already.这些外宾已经参观了北京的一些名胜yet 已经用于疑问句。常位于句尾Has the spaceship arrived on Mars yet?宇宙飞船已经到达火星了吗？还用于否定句。 位于句尾，也可位于助动词 have/has后，过去分词前。The plane hasn t yet taken off. 飞机还没有起飞。2.have/has been与 have/has gone的区别1）表示去过某地（已经不在某地）用have/has been to + 地点名词。若表示地点的是副词，则不加介词 to. Have you ever been to Dalian? 你去过大连吗？Yes, I ve been there for several times. 是的，我去过几次了。2）表示去某地了（已经不在这儿）用have/has gone to + 地点名词。若表示地点的是副词，则不加介词 to. Has Daming gone to the library? 大明去图书馆了吗？Yes, he s gone there to borrow some books. 是的，他去那儿借几本书。书面表达Jim是一个中学生， 他对太阳系很感兴趣， 他很喜欢物理。 在科技社团时他曾经做过一个宇宙飞船的模型。他长大了想当一名宇航员。因此他努力学习科学知识。请根据以上内容写My Friend Jim的短文。 60 词左右My Friend Jim Jim is a middle school student. He is interested in the solar system. And he likes physics. He has ever made a model spaceship when in the science club at school. He wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. So he does his best to study science for his dream. Module 4 Seeing the doctor 重点短语Stomach ache胃痛，腹痛catch a cold感冒take sb s temperature 量某人的体温fast food 快餐食品such as例如take part (in sth)参加，参与（某事）take an active part in积极参加play an active role in在。 。 。中扮演积极主动的角色have an active mind 思维活跃in excellent condition 健康状况很好go for 参加，努力获取feel awful 感到不舒服all over 浑身，到处fill in 患病from time to time 不时，有时学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆on the way 在路上，在途中all one s life终生not really 不完全是ever since从那时到现在since then自那以来by underground 乘地铁go for a run 去跑步do some exercise做一些锻炼too.to. 太。 。 。以至于不能。 。take sb s temperature 最某人的体温take temperature 量体温have /get a fever发烧have a high fever发高烧be harmful to.对。 。 。有害do harm to 对。 。 。有害be harmful to 对。 。 。有害take part in 后跟比赛，运动会，聚会等表示某种活动的名词。join 表示参加某个团体或组织等。Become/be a member of.成为。 。 。的一员for the last few years在过去几年里on the underground 乘地铁get to 着手处理，开始get to work 开始工作three times a day一天三次重点句型1. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多久了？Since Friday. I ve been ill for about three days!自星期五以来。我病了大约三天了！2. I haven t done much exercise since I got my computer last year. 从去年我有电脑以来我就没有做过锻炼。3. I have never been very active, and I do not like sports. 我从不十分活跃，我不喜欢体育活动。4. We have played football for a year now and we all feel very fit. 现在我们踢足球已经一年了，我们都感觉很健康。5. I have had him for three months now.现在我养他已经三个月了。6. 医生询问病人的常用语： What s the matter (with you)? What s wrong (with you)?或 What s your trouble?你怎么了？形 容 词 加 后 缀ness 可 以 变 成 名 词 ： sad-sadness, happy-happiness shy-shyness kind-kindness dark-darkness What do you think of.?你认为。 。 。怎样？同义句型： How do you like.? I don t think so 我想不是这样。 Believe ,hope, guess,imagine 等动词都可用于这样的句型。I believe/hope so 我相信 /希望是这样well 与 good 都表示好，但是well 用来表示身体状况； good 不用来表示身体状况语法讲解现在完成时（三）1.现在完成时态用来表示某个动作或某种状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。 通常用 since或 for学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆引导的时间状语修饰。1）since用作连词时引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般过去时， 主句用现在完成时态； since用作介词，引导的是时间状语，since后跟时间点She has been busy since she got the job. 自她得到那份工作以来就一直很忙。Several new members have come into the club since last year. 自去年以来，又有些新成员加入了俱乐部。2）for 后跟一段时间， for 本身不表示什么意义，只是用来表示时间段。若动作或状态持续到现在（即包含现在在内），for 引导的时间状语用于现在完成时态。Mr Green has taught in China for five years. 格林先生在中国执教五年了。注意： “for+ 一段时间”根据动作发生的时间不同于可用于多种时态。I ll go to the country to stay with my grandparents for half a month during the holiday.假期期间，我要去乡下和我的祖父母待半个月的时间。3）现在完成时态中就since或 for 引导的时间状语提问时用how long 多久。How long have you been in the club? 你在这个俱乐部多长时间了？2.终止性动词和延续性动词1）终止性动词也叫非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状词连用，必须用延续性动词和时间段连用。这上点和汉语表达习惯不同，要注意。常见的这类动词有：begin 开始， borrow借，buy 买，come 来，die 死，find 发现，join 参加，become 成为，finish 完成，leave离开,lend借出， lose丢失， stop 停止,start 开始， end 结束等。他离开家乡一年了。He has been away from his home town for a year. (T) He left his home town a year ago. (T) He has left his home town for a year. (F) 2)出现一段时间的状语时，可把终止性动词变为延续性动词。若没有相对应的延续性动词，则用状态来表达动词的意义，和一段时间的时间状语连用。常见非延续性动词和延续性动词或状态的转换。Buy-have, borrow-keep, open-be open, close-be closed, begin/start-be on, come-be here, so/leave-be away, finish-be over, die-be dead, catch a cold-have a cold, put on-wear, get up-be up, wake up-be awake, fall asleep-be asleep 等3）使用终止性动词和非延续性动词要注意的问题。A.误区：并不是说终止性动词不用于现在完成时态，而是终止性动词不能和表示一段时间的时学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆间状语连用。The concert has begun. 音乐会开始了。The concert has been on for half an hour. 音乐会开始半个小时了。B.终止性动词的否定形式呆以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。She hasn t bought anything for a week.一周了，她什么也没有买。I haven t joined any club since last year. 自去年以来我没有参加任何俱乐部。书面表达每年的 8 月 8 日是“全民健身日”，为了让这项运动更加深入人心， 某英文杂志的（运动与健康）栏目正在以 Let s Do Exercise Together 为题，向广大中学生征文。请你根据下面表格中的要点提示写一篇文章，向该栏目投稿。运动的重要性运动的时间与方式保持健康培养个人的性格。 。上学时步行或骑自行车体育课做各种锻炼（跑步，打篮球。 。 。 ）周末与朋友去爬山，游泳。 。 。Let s Do Exercise Together It s very important for us to do exercise. Doing exercise can not only help us keep fit, but also help to train a person s character. What s more, doing exercise helps us to study better. We can do exercise whenever we want. It is good for us to go to school on foot or by bike. In PE classes, we can do all kinds of exercise, such as running,jumping, playing basketball and so on. On weekends, we can climb mountains or go swimming with our friends. Also, we can go hiking during the vacations. Let s do exercise and have a healthy lifestyle together. 健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的，你认为健康的生活习惯应当当是怎样的？请根据提示，写出一篇短文。1.健康饮食 .2.早睡早起，不熬夜 .3.参加运动，强身健体。I think healthy habits are very important to us. We should keep a balanced diet. Eating more vegetables and less meat is good for us. We should get up and go to bed on time. It is a bad habit to stay up late. It is bad for our health. We should keep doing exercise every day. For example, go for a walk after you have dinner. It is also important for us to learn how to relax ourselves. Module 5 Cartoons 重点短语：学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆can t help doing sth 忍不住做某事each other 相互climb up 爬上learn.from.向。 。 。学习。 。 。Win the heart of sb 赢得某人的心work for 为。 。 。工作be popular with sb.受某人的欢迎expect to do sth 期望做某事as well as并且，还a group of 一