微生物及生物工程实验室工作指南(共6页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上微生物及生物工程实验室工作指南Working Instructions for the Laboratories of Microbiology and Bioengineering实验室危险品Dangers in Laboratory在实验室中工作有很多危险，首先是由于工作者需要接触危险的化学制剂或溶剂，包括：For the working in the laboratory there are many dangers. In one point because of working with dangerous chemicals or solutions, which are：l 易爆炸物质 Explosive (E)l 强氧化性物质 Oxidising (O)l 腐蚀性物质 Corrosive (C)l 放射性或强放射性物质 Flammable (F) or highly flammable (F+)易挥发，易燃或极易燃的物质即使在低浓度也容易爆炸或燃烧Volatile, inflammable or highly inflammable substances are also at low concentrations very explosive or deflagrative.危险品还包括：Dangerous substances also can be:l 有害健康的物质，有毒物质，毒性极强物质Harmful to health (Xn), toxic (T) or very toxic(T+)l 刺激性物质 Irritant (Xi)l 致癌物质，影响生育能力的物质以及可能引起基因突变的物质，或在特定条件下危害健康Carcinogenic, dangerous for fertility, mutatic for genotype or in an other case cronically harmful. 当这些物质泄漏后，它们可能When the substance will be released in the environment, they can be:l 污染环境Dangerous for the environment (N)对于任何接触危险品的操作，必须遵守如下规定：For every activity with dangerous substances you have to observe this rules：1 基本规定Basic rules1.1 在使用危险品前，必须了解其属于哪类危险品。Before you start the work with a dangerous substance, you have to look at of which kind of risk group the substance belongs to.非常重要和必须遵守的是R-规则（非常危险）和S-规则 （安全建议）。Very important and obligate are the R-rules (specific risk) and the S-rules (advice for safety) for the substance.1.2 不要把危险品放入盛食品或饮料的容器中。Do not put dangerous substances into food or drinking containers.1.3 有毒或者毒性很大的物质应放在带锁的柜子中，只有一个非常负责的人有钥匙。Toxic and very toxic substances are set in the specific locker. Only a competently person has the key.1.4 易燃或极易燃的液体物质应低温储存，可以放置于有防护功能的冰箱中。Flammable and highly flammable liquids, which have to store cool, you can only keep at freezer, which are protected for explosion.1.5 在每一个瓶子，烧瓶及其他容器上，都应标注所盛物质及危险标记。当使用非常大的瓶子时，应同时标记其属于R-/S- 规则。On every bottle, flask and so on you use, you have to write down the name of the substance and the dangerous symbol. When you are using very big bottles, you have also write down the R- and S- rules.1.6 必须防止吸入有害蒸汽或粉尘，也要避免皮肤和眼睛接触这些有害物质。在对气体，粉尘或其他高压气体危险品进行操作时，必须在通风橱下工作。The inhalation of vapors or powders as also as the contact with dangerous substance with skin or eyes has to be prevent. For the work with gaseous, powderous or other such dangerous substances, which have a high vapor pressure, you have to work with a vent.1.7 在生化，酶，微生物实验室，对危险品进行操作时，必须戴安全眼镜。In biochemical, enzymatical, microbiogical lab you have to wear safety glasses for the work with dangerous substances.1.8 不要在实验室吃东西，喝水，吸烟！No eating, drinking and smoking in the lab!1.9 必须留意安全规定特殊预防措施（保护眼镜和手套）。The advised safety instructions (S-rules) and specific working instructions for prophylactics (e.g. protecting glasses or gloves) you have to take care.1.10 在实验室工作，必须穿白大褂。 衣服应能覆盖身体及胳膊。穿正式的鞋。For working in the lab you have to wear a cotton laboratory coat. The clothes has to cover the body and the arms. You have also to wear solid and closed shoes.2 基本防护及安全措施Basic protection and safety arrangements2.1 通风口前面必须是封闭的，必须控制通风口的功能。不要使用有问题的通风口。The front of the vent has to be closed; you have to be control the function of the vent. Do not use defect vents.2.2 必须了解紧急情况下，如何处理气体，电，水。当使用紧急措施后，应通知房子的管理者。只有在紧急情况下才能使用这些措施。You have to know the places and the principles of the emergency out preparation for gas, currency and water. After using this emergency out preparations you have to inform the house and working techniques. Using of this preparations only in case of emergency.2.3 实验室人员必须每月检查紧急水龙头，冲洗眼睛的水龙头以及安全柜。The lab staff has to check the function of the emergency showers, showers for eyes and safety lockers every month.2.4 灭火器使用后必须重新灌装或更换。The fire drencher has to refill or change after using.2.5 实验室急救箱中的物品必须及时检查及更换。The contents of the first aid boxes, which are in the labs, we have to check regularly and to refill.3 减少废品及如何处理废品Waste decreasing and waste disposal3.1 必须减少废物的产生量，所以在实验中应尽量使用小剂量的试剂You have to scale down the amount of the produced waste. So use in our reaction only small volumes of substances.3.2 实验中产生的危险废物必须用专用容器收集。当容器中废物足够多时，应及时处理并通过有效措施进行运输。The produced dangerous waste you have to collect in containers for this waste. If there is enough waste in the container we have to dispose it and for this we have to keep the effective rules for transport.4 注意危险情况Cautions for dangerous situations如果发生任何危险情况，例如，火灾，有毒气液体泄漏，等，请遵循如下指示If there is any dangerous situation, e.g. fire, releasing of dangerous gases, and leakage of dangerous solutions and so on, you have to keep following instructions:4.1 保持肃静，不要在工作前不进行思考或不作任何计划！Save silence, dont working without thinking and plan!4.2 提醒处于危险中的人，如必要可叫他们离开实验室。You have to inform persons, who are within the dangerous situation, as the case may be you have to call these persons to go out from the lab.4.3 终止危险实验时，气体，电，水也必须停止或关闭（但不要关闭冷却水）。For at risk experiments you have to stop; gas, currency and in need to be water you have to stop or switch off (but cooling water Dont switch off).4.4 通知指导老师或管理者。 Inform supervisor and/or officer.4.5 事故中，如果有可能导致疾病或皮肤病的危险品出现，必须报告医生。对于事故，也应报告安全检察员If any accidents happened with dangerous chemicals, or which has led illness or dermatitis, you have to go to the doctor. You have to inform the safety inspector about this happening. 5 紧急救助的基础知识Basics for the first aid activity5.1 提供帮助前考虑自己的安全。紧快拨打急救电话。For every help you have to respect your own safety! Fast as possible you have to execute the emergency call.5.2 从危险环境中救出他人并使他们处于清新空气中。You have to save persons from danger area and bring them outside to the fresh air.5.3 脱掉着火的衣服。Fire at the clothes you have to put out.5.4 使用紧急水龙头，首先脱掉被化学试剂污染的衣服，如果有必要，脱掉所有衣服，用大量水和肥皂冲洗。Use emergency shower, with chemicals polluted clothes at first you have to remove, in the case of need you have to remove all clothes, wash with a lot of water and soap.5.5 当眼睛进入异物，用眼用水龙头冲洗至少十分钟或更久。When any eyes injury happened, you have to flush the eyes with eyes shower for at least ten minutes or longer.5.6 检查呼吸和血液循环系统。Check and have a look at the respiration and circulation.5.7 如果有意识，请注意一个易受医疗处理的姿势，将腿放在高于头部的位置（约10厘米），膝部放松。If awareness exist its need be prepare a shock position, the legs you have to prepare a little bit (maximum 10 cm) over the high of the hard with released joints.5.8 如果呼吸良好而没有知觉，使此人平稳的侧躺。如果没有呼吸，拉伸此人的头部；如此时呼吸恢复，使此人平稳的侧躺。如果呼吸没有恢复，开始做人工呼吸。使用 并察看是否中毒。（如果心脏停跳，由专业人员进行人工呼吸）If insensibility happens and respiration is okay, prepare a stable lateral position. If there is no respiration, over stretch the head and if the respiration starts, prepare a stabile lateral position. If the respiration not start, begin with the artificial respiration. Use tubus and have a look at toxication possibilities. (If cardiac arrest happen, start head-lung-reactivation by a stuff person.) 5.9 如出现出血，带手套给此人缠绷带。Stop hemorrhage, prepare bandage, for this use gloves. 5.10 在紧急救助人员到达前，不要使行动不便的人独自在某处。Dont leave disabled persons alone until the emergency medical service arrive.5.11 通知医生。向医生或救援人员详细介绍事故中的化学试剂以及所采取的急救措施。Inform the doctor. Make details about the chemicals with safety data sheets for “first aid” to the doctor or ambulance man.紧急电话： 120（急救电话） 119或110 （火警，匪警）Emergency call: 120 (emergency physician)119 or 110 (fire，police)打紧急电话时按如下顺序：Make an Emergency Call after this schema:l 何处发生事故？ 报告地点WHERE happens the accident? Say the placel 发生了什么？ 火灾，腐蚀，如果知道，告知位置给类型WHAT happens? Fire, corrosion, fall a.s.o., kind and place at the bodyl 什么伤害？WHICH injury?l 受伤程度？HOW MUTCH injured?l 等待，不要挂电话。很可能你还要回答更多问题！WHAIT, dont ring off, it is possible you have to answer to some questions!6. 火警Fire alarm6.1 了解报警地点Identify the place of the alarm6.2 用灭火器灭火，但注意自己的安全，不要惊慌Initial fire cancel with a fire drencher, respect your own safety, no panic. 6.3 如果可能，确保工作地点的电和气已关闭，走近路离开建筑物，不要用电梯。Ensure your working place, as possible turn off currency and gas, leave the building of the shortest way, dont use an elevator.微生物生物合成与代谢调控课题组Microbial Biosynthesis and Metabolic engineering微生物技术国家重点实验室 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technolgoy生命科学学院 Life Science School山东大学 Shandong University专心-专注-专业