限定性与非限定性定语从句ppt课件.ppt

1 He is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher. 2 He is one of the students who praised by the teacher 注意注意:定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的一致性。定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的一致性。 3 He has two sons, looks like him. 4 He has two sons, and looks like him. 注意注意:定语从句与并列结构。定语从句与并列结构。waswereneither of whomneither of them例例1: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. whichC. whileD. why 析析:先行词先行词situation意为意为“处境处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语地点状语,所以应用关系副词所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。引导定语从句。例例2: I can think of many cases_students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. whyB. whichC. asD. where 析析:many cases 意为意为“场合场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语状语,所以应用关系副词所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 例例3: Her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as析析:point意为意为“地步地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语语,所以应用关系副词所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 关系代词关系代词that和和which 1 1 Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen. 归纳归纳: 1 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little, much，all，anything，nothing用用that 。 2 This is the best book Ive ever read. 3 The first place they visited in London was the Big Ben. 归纳归纳: 2 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用用that。 4 All can be done has been done. I have read all the books you gave me.归纳归纳: 3 先行词先行词被被 all, any ,no ,little, much, some ,every修饰时修饰时用用thatthat(that)thatthatthat 6 This is the very dictionary I want to buy. 7 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing he owned.归纳归纳: . 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，修饰时，用用that。 8 Can you remember the scientist and his theory we have learned?归纳归纳: 5 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。9 Yesterday I caught two fish and them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two are still alive.归纳归纳: 6 当当先行词先行词为数词时为数词时,用用that。thatthatthatthat 10 Who is the man is standing there? 11 Which is the T-shirt fits me most? 归纳归纳: 7 当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时等疑问代词时, 用用that。 12 Theres still a seat in the corner is still free. 归纳归纳: 8 主句是主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用定语从句宜用that作关系代词。作关系代词。thatthatthat 归纳归纳: : 关系代词关系代词thatthat和和whichwhich在很多情况下可以互在很多情况下可以互换换, ,但是下面情况只能用但是下面情况只能用thatthat. .1 1 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everythingeverything，little, muchlittle, much，allall，anythinganything，nothingnothing。2 2 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用thatthat。3 3 先行词先行词被被 all, any ,no ,little, much, some ,everyall, any ,no ,little, much, some ,every修饰修饰时时先行词被先行词被the onlythe only，the verythe very，the last the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用thatthat。5 5 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。6 6 当当先行词先行词为数词时为数词时, ,用用thatthat。7 7 当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who, whichwho, which等疑问代词时等疑问代词时, , 用用thatthat。8 8 主句是主句是There beThere be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用thatthat作关作关系代词。系代词。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与与非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；句意思往往不明确；与先行词之间不能用逗号分开与先行词之间不能用逗号分开;China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式形式上上不用逗号和主句隔开不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义意义上上是先行词不可缺少的是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完明，删除后意思仍完整整译法译法上上翻译成先行词的定语，翻译成先行词的定语，“的的”通常翻译成主句的并通常翻译成主句的并列句列句关系关系词的词的使用使用上上A.做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略 B.可用可用that, why C.可用可用who代替代替whom A.做宾语时做宾语时不不可省略可省略 B.不不用用that, why C.不不用用who代替代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：限制性定语从句举例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 非限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）（他只有一个哥哥）1He made the same mistakes again , _ made his parents very angry.2Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .3Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.4My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom. 1.Her bag , she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring， she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang , I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much. 常见的不可拆开的短语常见的不可拆开的短语:care for,look for, look after,send for,hear from/of/about, get through,deal with, in whichon whichwith whom2、在介词后面，指事物用在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用指人用whom. 3 当先行词为前面的整个主句时，用关系代当先行词为前面的整个主句时，用关系代词词which引导引导非限制性定语从句，这非限制性定语从句，这时从句时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。whichwhich 关系代词关系代词as和和which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as和和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：不同之处。具体情况是： 1As和和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。代表前面整个句子。 He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 注意注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.先行词前常被先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas结构，结构， (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用that引导引导定语从句，但是和由定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(两件相似的两件相似的东西东西) 4 as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有 as is well known/ is known to all as is said before as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed,.众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/希望的希望的/料想的料想的5 当非限定性定语从句的谓语为当非限定性定语从句的谓语为be known(said, announced, reported, expected)等被动形式时，常等被动形式时，常用用as引导引导Washington was the father of America, is known to all.as 3. He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what 4. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom AB 5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what A 6. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that D 10. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 11. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what AB 12. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. whoB. that C. which D. whom14._ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （2005浙江）浙江） AWhenBAfter CAs DSince BC1.Liu Mei who is my classmate.2.There are many people agree with the idea.3.All what is needed is a supply of oil 4.As is known to all that the Chinese people are brave and hard working.5.This is such a heavy stone that nobody can lift.whothatas6) Last week, we went to the Great Wall, where we had a good time there.7) Her parents wouldnt let her marry anyone which family was very poor. 8) The days when we spent together in the countryside were wonderful.9) The company where his father manages is a big one.10) I dont think the reason why he explained at the meeting was reasonable.whosewhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatGoodbye !