高三一轮复习公开课七选五解题思路及技巧ppt课件.ppt

高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习七 选 五 命题目的：主要考查考生对文命题目的：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。辑意义的理解和掌握。 短文特点短文特点卷别卷别 年份年份长度长度 体裁体裁题材题材 I卷卷 2017268记叙记叙 记叙作者露营态度的转变记叙作者露营态度的转变2016258说明说明 介绍密码的三种类型介绍密码的三种类型2015272说明说明 如何重建信任如何重建信任考点分析考点分析卷别卷别 卷卷年份年份 201720172016201620152015主主 旨旨 段落标题段落标题主题句主题句 37,3937,3937,3837,38 38,3938,39段中过渡句段中过渡句(句际关系句际关系)顺承关系顺承关系3939因果关系因果关系3737举例关系举例关系卷别卷别 卷卷年份年份 201720162015主主 旨旨 总分关系总分关系转折关系转折关系36, 384040段中过渡句段中过渡句(句际关系句际关系)并列排比并列排比36重述解释重述解释对立关系对立关系36段末总结句段末总结句 40四四. 试题基本类型：试题基本类型：主旨大意题和主旨大意题和细节分析题细节分析题五五. 解题的基本步骤：解题的基本步骤： （一）通读全文及选项，理清文章结构及脉（一）通读全文及选项，理清文章结构及脉络络 文章结构： （1）议论文和说明文基本结构类型 （2）记叙文注意时间和空间顺序（二）先易后难确定选项（二）先易后难确定选项（三）复读检查，代入核对（三）复读检查，代入核对六、基本解题思路六、基本解题思路 以信息重现或相关和信息之间的逻以信息重现或相关和信息之间的逻辑关系为依据来确定选项。辑关系为依据来确定选项。七、七选五阅读主要解题技巧七、七选五阅读主要解题技巧（一）信息重现和相关类（一）信息重现和相关类 (1) 信息重现信息重现(词语复现词语复现/同畴同现同畴同现) 词语复现：词语复现： 就是空格前、后句中与正确选项中含就是空格前、后句中与正确选项中含有相同的一个或几个词，叫原词或同词有相同的一个或几个词，叫原词或同词复现；如果前后句与选项中虽然没有相复现；如果前后句与选项中虽然没有相同的词，但有同义表达，叫同义复现。同的词，但有同义表达，叫同义复现。如：如： (2017全国全国卷卷) Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now.解析：解析：根据空格后的逗号可知，空格处应选一根据空格后的逗号可知，空格处应选一个从句，再根据后文中提到的几种避免在工作个从句，再根据后文中提到的几种避免在工作中被打扰的方法，选项中的中被打扰的方法，选项中的interruption与第与第一句中的一句中的interruption为原词复现可知，答案为原词复现可知，答案选选B项。项。A. If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at work应选一个从句应选一个从句原词复现原词复现解析：解析：与空后句中的与空后句中的ingredients(配料配料), pancakes (薄煎饼薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只可能同时出现的，只有选项有选项A中的中的cook，故选，故选A项项(鼓励孩子鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪跟你一起烹饪)。(2014全国全国卷卷)Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配配料料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”A. Encourage kids to cook with you.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.词语同现词语同现 (2) 结构重现结构重现解析：解析：分析语境可知，该处仍在谈论密分析语境可知，该处仍在谈论密码本，由此可锁定码本，由此可锁定A项，该句与空后一项，该句与空后一句结构相同，可确定为答案。句结构相同，可确定为答案。(2016全国全国卷卷) The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 _A_ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.二二. 把握句际的逻辑关系把握句际的逻辑关系1. 主旨大意类（总主旨大意类（总分分 分分总总 因因果）果） （1）主题句（段首或段末）主题句（段首或段末）据据“分分”“”“总总”。(2017全国全国卷卷)A better plan for sleep can help. Here is how to make one. 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.动机动机总论总论解析解析：该句该句“找到正确的动机找到正确的动机”是该是该段的总论，下文中提到的段的总论，下文中提到的“与家人共与家人共进早餐，做晨练，或者为今天的工作进早餐，做晨练，或者为今天的工作做好准备做好准备”都是为早晨起床所找的理都是为早晨起床所找的理由，即起床的动机，故答案为由，即起床的动机，故答案为B项。项。(总总分关系分关系)（2） 结论句（段末或文章最后一段）结论句（段末或文章最后一段） 常用词语有：常用词语有：in short, in belief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, in conclusion.These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster 37 C. Different people feel stress in different ways.DAh, it feels so good when the stress is gone.解析解析：根据根据And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 如果你再经历困苦的时候如果你再经历困苦的时候保持乐观的态度，你就会感觉好得多保持乐观的态度，你就会感觉好得多。等到压力消失的时候感觉就好了，。等到压力消失的时候感觉就好了，故选故选D。（3） 小标题（段首，短小精悍）小标题（段首，短小精悍）It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own garden解析解析：A 根据本段最后一句根据本段最后一句However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to gardenOne of them comes from our earliest years“然而，有很多能解然而，有很多能解释你为什么想做园艺的原因释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺，故们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺，故选选A二二. 把握句际的逻辑关系把握句际的逻辑关系2.细节分析类细节分析类 （1）分述类）分述类 You are a special person a clone Most importantly ,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one , with Your own personal habits . 5 .Your training course should help you bring out your personality, Not try to turn you into someone youre not . . A .You arent like anybody elseE . Whatever the presentation ,public speaking is tough解析解析：根据根据treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可知，可知，本段讲的是本段讲的是“与众不同与众不同”，故选，故选A。(2) 顺承关系：顺承关系：顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，分句之间有先后相承的关系。如：分句之间有先后相承的关系。如： (2016全国全国卷卷) A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.必须要有代码书必须要有代码书如果有代码书如果有代码书顺承关系顺承关系解析：解析：前句前句“要读懂代码的真实信息，你必要读懂代码的真实信息，你必须要有本代码书须要有本代码书”与选项与选项F“如果有一本代码如果有一本代码书，你就可以把它们所代表的其他词写下来书，你就可以把它们所代表的其他词写下来”是顺承关系。选项是顺承关系。选项F中的中的a code book与空前与空前句中的句中的a code book是原词复现。故选是原词复现。故选F项。项。(3) 转折关系：转折关系：选项或空后句中常有选项或空后句中常有but, however, instead等词。如：等词。如： (2017全国全国卷卷) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 举例说明（举例说明（参加了露营活动参加了露营活动）前后态前后态度转变度转变道不同不相为谋道不同不相为谋I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. We have done a lot of it since. everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.B. Things are going to be improved.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.转折作用转折作用解析：解析：空格前句说作者与喜欢露营的人道空格前句说作者与喜欢露营的人道不同不相为谋，后文却开始举例说明作者接不同不相为谋，后文却开始举例说明作者接受朋友邀请参加了露营活动，可见空格表示受朋友邀请参加了露营活动，可见空格表示作者对露营活动有所改观，因此答案作者对露营活动有所改观，因此答案D项中项中的的“however”起了转折作用，表明作者从那起了转折作用，表明作者从那时起，开始学习与露营相关的事。时起，开始学习与露营相关的事。(4) 因果关系：因果关系：空格前后可能有空格前后可能有so, therefore, since, because，consequently，as a result等词。等词。如：如： E. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you(2017全国全国卷卷) When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate (消除消除) future interruptions.果果因因解析：解析：空格前提到，当别人打扰你的时候，空格前提到，当别人打扰你的时候，你要安排好时间，告知他们你在什么时候有你要安排好时间，告知他们你在什么时候有空，空格后提到这样做可以帮助你消除日后空，空格后提到这样做可以帮助你消除日后的打扰，用选项的打扰，用选项E(让他们知道你什么时候有让他们知道你什么时候有空是非常重要的空是非常重要的)代入原文，选项代入原文，选项E与空后句与空后句存在因果关系。故选存在因果关系。故选E项。项。(5) 并列关系并列关系常用词或短语常用词或短语 ：besides, not only.but also., and, at the same time, also, too, some.other., one.another.(2014全国全国2卷卷) Hopefully that gives you a good start. _40_ and dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. (6) 解释关系：解释关系： 用更为明白易懂的话用更为明白易懂的话重述或解释重述或解释前面前面的信息，常用的信息，常用for example (instance),in fact, in other words, that is to say, 等或冒等或冒号号(:)、破折号、破折号()等标点。如：等标点。如：解析：解析：In other words表示该句是对空格前一句的解表示该句是对空格前一句的解释，且释，且take care of your body与与exercise是上下义复现，是上下义复现，还有还有your brain原词复现，故选原词复现，故选G。(2011全国卷全国卷) 2. Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.上下义复现上下义复现(7) 相对或对立关系相对或对立关系常用词或短语：常用词或短语：while, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison. Now, in the past(2017全国全国卷卷) Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.并列关系并列关系相对关系相对关系解析：解析：该句该句“如果你所采取的措施是有如果你所采取的措施是有效的，那么坚持下去效的，那么坚持下去”与下一句与下一句“如果无如果无效，看看有没有你可以尝试的其他措施效，看看有没有你可以尝试的其他措施”形成相对关系。两句都是形成相对关系。两句都是“条件状语从句条件状语从句+祈使句祈使句”的模式，同时，的模式，同时，steps与与methods也构成了并列关系，故答案为也构成了并列关系，故答案为E项。项。(8) 递进关系递进关系常用词或短语：常用词或短语：further, furthermore, moreover,whats more, even worse, to make matter worse.例：Its heard , and l was hungry。 40 A . Even worse , it was raining B . Whats more , it was sunny(9) 顺序关系：顺序关系：指指one / first second (ly) third (ly) (第一第一第二第二第三第三)，first next then (首先首先接下来接下来然然后后)等。如：等。如： (2013全国全国卷卷 )One is the establishment (制制定定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.解析解析：因前有因前有One后有后有The third，这里应是，这里应是The second，故选，故选E。三、语法提示三、语法提示1、代词提示2、标点提示(2017全国全国卷卷)If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.解析解析：选项选项G中的两个中的两个it和空前的和空前的it都是指代的都是指代的the door，带入原文后意义衔接。故选，带入原文后意义衔接。故选G。C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesG. Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not(2) 标点符号标点符号 (2014全国全国卷卷) Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think shes crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?” E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.三个问号三个问号七选五较容易，重点阅读前后句；七选五较容易，重点阅读前后句；前后句和选项，有词重复重点看；前后句和选项，有词重复重点看；弄清指代和逻辑，获得满分没问题。弄清指代和逻辑，获得满分没问题。七选五阅读的基本解法可归纳为以下七选五阅读的基本解法可归纳为以下顺口顺口溜溜：解题顺口溜解题顺口溜结构复现结构复现解题思路解题思路文章结构文章结构衔接手段衔接手段逻辑关系逻辑关系指代指代复现复现同现同现原词复现原词复现同义复现同义复现总分总分 顺承顺承 因果因果 举例举例 转折转折 并列并列 解释解释 对立对立THANK YOU!