广东中考英语总复习——阅读理解ppt课件.pptx
广东中考英语总复习 阅读理解题 型 突 破从近几年的广东中考考题来看,阅读理解题包括A、B、C三篇短文,每篇短文生词率不超过3%。A篇阅读是应用文,一般以表格、图表或配有图片的短文出现,本篇短文的5个考题基本上属于文中细节题,都可以直接从文中找出答案,同学们在解答A篇阅读时,要认真、细心,找准句子,找准信息点。A篇阅读比较简单,要尽量不失分,但2017年出现了排序题,难度有所上升。B篇阅读是考查学生能力的短文,一般为记叙(说明)性的短文,其中有两小题有些难度,可能会涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end),猜测词义等有关问题,在做题时需要仔细推敲,结合上下文,经过推理、筛选最终才能得出结论,选出正确的答案。C篇为配对阅读题,命题者给考生提供若干段简短的信息,让学生把相应的信息进行配对,属于细节考查题,难度不大,要尽量不失分。真 题 分 析 (2018广东) 阅读理解(本大题有15小题,每小题2分,共30分)阅读A、B两篇短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出能回答问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。 ABIPC would like to invite beekeepers to theWorld Bee Day Activities9:00 am4:00 pm, Sunday, May 20th 2018Landhill Hall, CornwallBees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity, while a third of the worlds food production depends on this yellow and black insect(昆虫) and other pollinators(传授花粉者)May 20th this year is the first World Bee Day. It was created last year by the UN, after Slovenia put forward the idea, to draw peoples attention to the important role of bees and other pollinators in keeping the planet healthy.A day for all those who are interested in learning to improve the quality(质量) of their bees! A day also for those who want to know more about bee keeping!Bring your family with you and have fun! Lets celebrate everything connected with bees and the coming of spring!Activities for the whole family:talks on bees/bee products for sale/wax(蜡) & candlemaking lessonsBee Communication:Dr Gavin Ramsay will explain the dances of bees, telling you about what smart behaviors bees have.Cleaning beeswax & candlemaking:Classes will be given by Kate Black.Caf: Lunch and tea/coffee/cakes are available at the caf.These activities are held by BIPC, the Bee Improvement Program for Cornwall.Tickets are $8 for members of BIPC and $10 for nonmembers. Half price for a child.All the money will go to the City Bee Protection Project.Book your place by emailing .( )56.The danger that bees are facing is caused by _.AbeekeepersBfood productionChuman activity Dother pollinatorsC( )57.The World Bee Day was created_.Ato advise people to keep healthyBto help beekeepers sell more bee productsCto celebrate the coming of springDto make people know the importance of beesD( )58.During the activities, you can learn all the following EXCEPT_.Ato make a candleBto improve the quality of beesCto make tea and coffeeDto understand the dances of beesC( )59.Bill, a member of BIPC, and his 5yearold son will pay_for tickets to the activities.A10 dollarsB12 dollarsC16 dollarsD18 dollarsB( )60.The money from the sales of tickets_.Awill be used to protect beesBwill make BIPC very richCwill be given to beekeepersDwill be spent on the celebrationsA【语篇解读】短文介绍了“世界蜜蜂日”的活动时间,并详细地介绍了活动的内容及其目的、门票价格、联系方式等。【答案详解】56C 细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity(蜜蜂现在处于危险之中,它的数量每年都在下降,主要是因为人类活动)”,可知蜜蜂所面临的危险是由人类活动引起的,故选C。57D 细节理解题。根据第三段句子“May 20th this year is the first World Bee Day.It was created last year by the UN, after Slovenia put forward the idea, to draw peoples attention to the important role of bees and other pollinators in keeping the planet healthy.(今年的5月20日是第一个“世界蜜蜂日”。去年,在斯洛文尼亚提出这一想法后,联合国成立了这一组织,旨在引起人们对蜜蜂和其他传粉者在保持地球健康方面的重要作用的关注。)”可知“世界蜜蜂日”的设立是为了让人们知道蜜蜂的重要性,故选D。58C 细节判断题。根据第六段句子“talks on bees/bee products for sale/wax(蜡) & candlemaking lessons(有关蜜蜂的讲座/蜂产品销售/蜡和蜡烛制作课程)”“Cleaning beeswax & candlemaking(清洁蜂蜡和制作蜡烛)”和“A day for all those who are interested in learning to improve the quality of their bees! A day also for those who want to know more about bee keeping.(这是针对所有那些有兴趣学习提高蜜蜂质量的人的一天!也是针对那些想知道更多关于蜜蜂饲养的知识的人的一天)”和“Dr Gavin Ramsay will explain the dances of bees, telling you about what smart behaviors bees have.(Gavin Ramsay博士会解释蜜蜂的舞蹈,告诉你蜜蜂的聪明行为。)”可知在活动中,你可以学到A、B、D三项。根据“Lunch and tea/coffee/cakes are available at the caf(供应午餐和茶/咖啡/蛋糕)”可知选C。59B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三行句子“Tickets are $8 for members of BIPC and $10 for nonmembers.Half price for a child.”可知比尔(BIPC的一名成员)和他5岁的儿子将支付(84)12美元的活动门票。故选B。60A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二行句子“All the money will go to the City Bee Protection Project.(所有的钱都将用于城市蜜蜂保护项目)”,可知出售门票所得的钱将用于保护蜜蜂。故选A。BTheres much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air.The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are.You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too.Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away.That fish might not be so big after all! Its just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!Whats more, in deeper water, colors just dont seem as bright.In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing.Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths(波长)of light that are reflected(反射)from its surface.And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater.Lets take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example.These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water.Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water.The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing.As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part.Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost(鬼怪)! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!( )61.You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because_.Ayour eyesight is quite poorByou are not quick enoughCit is not as close as it seemsDit disappears very quicklyC( )62.The example of the wet suit is used to explain the change of_of an object underwater.Athe size Bthe colorCthe positionDthe weight( )63.The underlined word “descend” probably means_in Chinese in this passage.A上升B漂浮 C屏息D下潜BD( )64.Which of the following is true?AA fourmeterlong fish looks three meters long underwater.BThe wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light.CMuch water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the water.DYou will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea.B( )65.The best title of this passage is_.AThe Standard of Color UnderwaterBThe Direction of Light UnderwaterCThe Brightness of Color UnderwaterDThe Behavior of Light UnderwaterD【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文,与物理知识有关,主要讲述了光在水中的不同表现。【答案详解】61C 细节理解题。由第一段中第二句“The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are.”可知,人看到的水中的物体比物体的实际位置要浅些。62B 细节理解题。从文章第四段可知,以潜水衣为例是为了解释物体在水中的颜色变化。63D 词意猜测题。从文章第四段“Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water.”可猜测descend是“下潜”的意思。64B 细节理解题。从文章第四段“because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors”可知,红光的波长是红、黄、蓝三种颜色里面最长的。65D 主旨大意题。通过对整篇文章的理解可知,文章讲的是光在水中的表现,故选D。解 题 技 巧广东中考阅读理解A、B篇主要考查的题型有逻辑排序题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理推断题等。其中逻辑排序题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题是难度较大的题型,下面我们就重点讲讲这几种题型的解题技巧:题型一:逻辑排序题逻辑排序题是2017年广东中考新出现的题型,出现在A篇的最后一题。逻辑排序题不仅要求考生在有限的时间内充分理解文章的内容,而且重点考查逻辑思维能力,着实让不少考生头疼。逻辑排序题常采用“观察对比定位排除”的方法:首先观察选项的特点,一般情况下,四个选项中都是有两个相同的选项作为事件发生的顺序开头,到文中去定位,排除错误的选项;接着进行第二轮对比排除,最后得到正确答案。下面介绍下常用的解题方法: 1先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断,根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。2找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, second, third等。3上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系,我们只要抓住它们的关联关系就可以解答了。题型二:细节理解题在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。广东中考阅读理解中细节题的比重一般至少占二分之一。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。这些题目有两个共同特点:(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,解答这类试题时,考生应快速阅读材料,抓住大意后,迅速浏览考题,确定关键词。然后,根据这些关键词,运用查读法,迅速查找关键信息,进而分析这些信息的结构和意义,理清逻辑关系,最后确定正确答案。题型三:词义猜测题猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。猜测词义的方法主要有:1根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。一般来说,要查找的生词都是与揭示文章主题有一定联系的,如果能够把握好文章的中心,往往有助于猜测出文章中的生词的含义。2利用构词法猜测词义。前缀通常改变原来词语的词义,而不改变原来词语的词性。后缀通常改变原来词语的词性,但对词义的影响有时不明显,有时很明显。派生词的词义可依据“前缀变词义,后缀变词性”的原则来猜测词义。在阅读中,如果我们熟悉构成合成词的每个独立单词的词义,就可能猜出合成词的意思。例如: inexpensive一词,其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此词词义为“不贵的,便宜的”。3根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。同位关系是指文章中与之相关的同义词、同位语、定语(从句)等,如果能够借助它们的解释或定义,则很容易猜测出词义来。根据同义关系猜测词义,关键是要了解显示同义关系的线索。换句话说,破折号、逗号等标点符号,以及or, and, in other words, thats to say, namely等词或短语就是这种线索。定语从句主要起修饰限制或补充说明先行词内容或性质的作用。因此,我们可以根据定语从句的内容推测出先行词的词义。对比关系是指上下文中的一些连词经常被用来表示转折关系,如果能够抓住说明事物的这种比较和对照的方法,就会给人“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。常见的表示转折关系的词有but, however, instead, yet等。上文中的某些词或句子往往会为下文的生词埋下伏笔或做出暗示。上文中的某些词或句子往往会在下文有回应的地方。4根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果,因果关系是文章中一种普遍的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因,结果也就知道了;反之,如果知道了结果,原因也就不难发现。5根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。已有的生活经验和常识,往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的,推测陌生的,这就上升到了能力的提高,使生词的破解成为可能。当然,有些词的确切含义还须综合应用几种方法才能正确猜出。题型四:主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。常见设问形式的题干主要有:A标题类1)The best title/headline for this passage might be_.2)The text (passage) could be entitled_.3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?B大意类1)This passage chiefly deals with_ . 2)Whats the topic of the article?3)What is the subject discussed in the text? 4)With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?做主旨大意题时常用的方法是“略读法”。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,了解文章的重心,就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式,选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文,不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时,常常利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度,考生要特别留意。1标题类阅读理解题的解题技巧标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想,而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼,拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。文章标题可以是单词,短语,也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章讨论的中心,把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是:短小精悍,多为一短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。2大意类阅读理解题的解题技巧主旨大意类阅读理解题的一般范围是:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法,对文章进行高度的概括或总结,属于高层次题。解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句,把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾,有的出现在中间。概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头,再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如but, yet, however, although, in spite of等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。题型五:推理判断题中考英语阅读理解题中那些要求通过词、句、段,或通过计算去判断其他含义的题目属于推理判断题。推理判断题的考查每年都在中考英语阅读理解题中占有一定的比例。推理判断的题目中常含有suggest, mean, learn, know, purpose等动词,或含有表示推测的情态动词can, could, might, would以及表示推断的副词probably, most likely等。推理判断题的干扰选项有以下设置特点:1.将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项;2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解答这类问题,头脑应当清楚:问题是要求把正确的选项圈出,还是要求把错误的选项圈出。有的考生不看清问题,就去选择选项,想当然地把正确的、符合文章事实的一项圈出,而问题明明问的是Which of the following is not true (mentioned),结果误选。推理判断题的四个选项的设计一般有三种情况:四个选项中的信息集中在一两个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相关句,细细读一下就不难选定正确答案。四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些,但还是比较容易的。验证一个,排除一个,答案就出来了。四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做,因为要花较多的时间去找各个相关句,一一去查证。一般说来,应首先把四个选项都看一遍,根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识,尽可能先排除掉一两个,以减少查的选项。实在排除不了,需要到文章中去一一查证的,次序也应从易到难,即从印象最深的,相关句最易找的,最容易证实的那个选项开始查。推理计算题:计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式,此类试题要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。C配对阅读 左栏是对中国传统文化感兴趣的五位外国学生的描述, 右栏是中国传统文化活动的简介, 请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的活动。( )66.Lisa becomes interested in traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint bamboo in ink.G( )67.Alan is from India.He is studying Chinese history.He has learned a lot about the four great inventions of ancient China.( )68.Sam is an Australian boy living in Beijing.He takes great interest in traditional Chinese opera(a musical play)He hopes to take a class of the local opera.DB( )69.Mary likes classic(经典的) Chinese works.She has read the one about Monkey King since she came to China.( )70.Susan loves Chinese paper cutting.She wants to make a Chinese “Fu” to put up on her window this Spring Festival.FCA.In this weekends storytelling time, youll hear plenty of stories about Chinese traditions, for example, why people put up the Chinese “Fu” upside down on the door or window.BBeijing Opera is a form of traditional art in China.Our club is set up for fans and welcomes you to join us.We have invited some famous local actors to give acting classes.CPaper cutting sounds simple but is difficult to do.Bring red paper and learn the making of paper cutting.You can take home the paper cutting you make in class.DWe will hold a competition on the four great inventions of ancient China next month.The first round will be a written test.The next round will be a short speech in Chinese.EA show of traditional Chinese ink paintings will be held in the Art Museum this weekend.Many works of animals by famous artists will be on show.FA discussion will be held in our reading club this weekend.The topic is about Journey to the West, one of the four great classic Chinese works.GTraditional Chinese painting is a form of fine arts in Chinese culture.In our training class, Mr.Sun will teach you how to paint bamboo with brushes and ink step by step.解析:这是一道信息匹配题。此种题型主要考查学生对文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。常见的种类有:1.人名观点配对;2.地名描述配对;3.句子句子配对;4.分类题;5.段落标题配对;6.段落细节配对。同学们在平时的练习中可以参考以下步骤进行解题:1认真阅读背景介绍,了解话题或主题。2仔细阅读题目,找出不同人物的不同要求,并在关键词下画线,以便为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。3快速浏览7个答案部分,迅速抓住每个答案的要点。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息,在词语或句子下面画线并标上所答的题号,以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边,留待第二次阅读时解决。4第二次阅读短文时必须有针对性,主要为了解决两个问题:一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与题干是否匹配;二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。5为确保准确无误,若有时间可再次将题干和已选择答案的内容进行比较,检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。同学们还得注意:每读一段话,做一道题,每确定一题的答案后,将该选项从列表中划去,以免在以后的选择中干扰视线,同时也将相应的短文划去,减少以后的阅读段落。【答案详解】66G 细节推理题。根据“Lisa becomes interested in traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint bamboo in ink.(丽莎对中国画感兴趣,她想学习如何用墨水画竹子。)”可知选项G与其对应,“传统中国画是中国文化中的一种艺术形式。在我们的培训班上,孙先生将教你如何用笔墨一步一步地画竹子。”故选G。67D 细节推理题。根据“Alan is from India.He is studying Chinese history.He has learned a lot about the four great inventions of ancient China.(艾伦来自印度,他正在学习中国历史,他对中国古代的四大发明有了很多了解。)”可知选项D与其对应,“下个月,我们将举办一场关于中国古代四大发明的竞赛。”故选D。68B 细节推理题。根据“He takes great interest in traditional Chinese opera (a musical play)He hopes to take a class of the local opera.(他对中国传统戏剧非常感兴趣。他希望参加一个地方歌剧班。)”可知选项B与其对应,“京剧是中国传统艺术的一种形式。我们的俱乐部是为戏迷设立的,欢迎您加入我们的行列。我们邀请了一些著名的当地演员来上表演课。”故选B。69F 细节推理题。根据“Mary likes classic(经典的) Chinese works.She has read the one about Monkey King since she came to China.(玛丽喜欢中国古典文学作品。自从她来到中国,她就读过关于孙悟空的故事。)”可知选项F与其对应,“这个周末将在我们的读书俱乐部进行讨论。主题是关于中国四大名著之一的西游记。”故选F。70C 细节推理题。根据“Susan loves Chinese paper cutting.She wants to make a Chinese “Fu” to put up on her window this Spring Festival.(苏珊喜欢中国剪纸。她想在春节期间制作一个中国的“福”贴在她的窗户上。)”可知选项C与其对应,“剪纸听起来很简单,但很难做。带上红纸,学习剪纸的制作。你可以把你在课堂上做的剪纸带回家。”故选C。