情态动词--虚拟语气ppt课件.pptx

PART 02情态动词情态动词一.表能力can,beableto1.表现在的能力2.表将来的能力：willbeableto3.表过去的能力canam/isareabletocould表示过去的能力，不表示是否做was/wereableto表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了(相当于:managedtodosth/succeedindoingsth)couldhavedone表示过去本来能够做，但是却未做PART 02情态动词情态动词一.表能力1.Icantpromiseanything,butIlldowhatI_.2.Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,you_workoutthisproblem.3.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.4.I_outtheproblem,butIwastoonervous.canwasabletowillbeabletocouldhaveworkedPART 02情态动词情态动词二.表推测1.在肯定句中表推测（must/havetooughtto/shouldcouldmaymight）当说话人表示怀疑或者犹豫时，应用may,might,could,其中might,may的怀疑或犹豫更强(说明可能性小，不确定)Thatmaybeourtaxi,butIdoubtit.说话人表达毫无疑问的结论时，要用must和haveto,“一定，确定”Should/oughtto所表达的程度不同，意为“按说应该”Hemust/ has to bethewantedman.Hesexactlyliketheoneinthispicture.He ought to /shouldbethereontime-hestartedearlyenough.PART 02情态动词情态动词2.在否定句中表推测(否定语气由强到弱)cantcouldntshouldnotmaynotmightnot否定语气较弱时，一般使用shouldnot(应该不会),maynot,mightnot(可能不，也许不),否定语气较强时，则用cant或couldnt(不可能)Dontworry.Yourfathermay not havebeenhurtseriously.There shouldnt beanydifficultyingettingyouavisa.PART 02情态动词情态动词3.在疑问句中表推测can,could表示困惑，不相信Thereissomeoneoutside-whocanitbe?外面有人，会是谁呢？Whatcantheybedoing?他们可能在干些什么呢？Couldhebeserious?他是认真的吗？Wherecanshehaveputit?她能把它放在哪儿呢？PART 02情态动词情态动词二.表推测（可能性）Must,should,oughtto,can,could,may,might.词形词形肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑问式疑问式must必定，必然/should按说应该应该不会/oughtto按说应该应该不会/can在理论上理论上可能不可能有可能吗？could微弱的可能不可能语气比can要弱may或许，也许可能不/might比may弱比maynot要弱/PART 02情态动词情态动词1. Althoughyou_findbargainsinLondon,itsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.2. Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest_becometherichest.3. Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He_(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.musthavedrunkmay/mightcanPART 02情态动词情态动词三.表示必要性，义务，责任1.必要性现在或将来必须做某事：must/havetodo现在或将来不必做某事：过去没必要做某事但却做了：neednthavedonedonthavetodosthneedntdosth1.You_thatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhealth.2.-_Igiveupsmoking?-Yes,you_/No,you_neednthaveworkedMustmustneedntPART 02情态动词情态动词2.义务，责任Should意为“（义务上）应该”，在语气上比must弱。Should+V表示现在或将来应该Shouldhavedone表示过去本应该Ishouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon,butIwonderifIwillbefree.Youshouldhavecometotheconferenceyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?shouldshouldhavecomePART 02情态动词情态动词四.表示请求，建议，命令，允许，禁止1. 表示请求许可（askingforpermission），提出建议(makingsuggestion)时（may,can,could,shall,will,would）Will用于疑问句而且第二，第三人称时，表示请求，建议Willyourfatherallowustousehistelephone?shall可用于第一/第三人称疑问句中,表示请求许可,征询意见Shallthedriverwaitoutside?PART 02情态动词情态动词2.表示命令，允许，禁止must和mustnt表示说话人的命令和指令，语气较强烈should/oughtto，shouldnt/oughtntto表示命令和指令时，带有不确定性may/might,can表示允许Thechildrenmustbebackby4oclock.Youmustntleavethegateopen.Youought to/ should apologize.Passengersmay/ can / might crossbythefootbridge.PART 02情态动词情态动词五.表示意愿，意志，决心，允诺1.Shall与第二，第三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令，指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律，规定的时候，也用shall来表达Ithasannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilalltheapershavebeencollected.2.Will,would与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意愿，意志，决心Youcanstayhereaslongasyoucan,ifyouwill.(只要你愿意)PART 02情态动词情态动词3.表示“宁愿做某事”时，wouldratherdosth(thandosth)wouldsthratherthandosthwouldrathersbdidsthPART 02情态动词情态动词六.Need和dare的区别need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词，没有人称和数的变化1.-NeedIcome?-Yes,youmust/need to.2.Youneedn ttelephonehimnow.3.Idontthinkyouneedworry.4.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.5.HowdareyousayImunfair?PART 02情态动词情态动词2.用作实义动词,有人称和数的变化，Youdon t need todoityourself.Weneed totellthemthenews.作实义动词时，dare用于否定句或疑问句中，to可省略Hedidntdare(to)doit.need做实义动词时，还可表示“需要”(被动)，need+doing/tobedone.Thefloorneedssweeping/tobeswept.PART 02情态动词情态动词七.情态动词+havedone情态动词情态动词+ have done用法用法例句例句musthavedone过去一定做了某事（表推测），否定式为cant/couldnthavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.can/cannothavedone过去可能会做/不可能做了（表推测）canhavedone用于疑问句1.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?2.Hecannothaveforgottenit.could/couldnothavedone1.过去可能/不可能做（表推测）2.过去本来能够做/没能够做（表虚拟）1. Shecouldhavegoneoutwithsomefriends.2. Wecouldnthaveheardthembecauseofthenoisefromtheriver.3. Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidnttryyourbest.PART 02 may have done过去也许做了（表推测），过去也许做了（表推测），一般不用于疑问句一般不用于疑问句1.Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.2.He may not have finished the workmighthavedone1.过去也许做了2.过去本可能做1.Hemighthavemissedthetrain.2.ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.(但是我认为你本来可以在半个小时前告诉我的)mightnothavedone过去也许没做，相当于maynothavedone，语气更加不确定一些Theymightnothaveregardedmeastheirfriends.Should/oughttohavedone本该做，可是没做本该做，可是没做Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.PART 02Should not/ ought not have done本不该做而做了本不该做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.Neednthavedone本不必做却做了Youneednthavetakenataxihere,foritwasnearmyhome.wouldratherhavedone/wouldrathernothavedone宁愿当时做了/没做Iraisedobjectionatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.wouldliketohavedone过去愿意做但未做成Iwouldliketohavegonetotheparty,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.PART 02情态动词情态动词1.can(could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。Thetemperaturecanfallto60,thatis60belowfreezing.气温可降至60，也就是零下60。Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3）表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereadingroom.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。PART 02情态动词情态动词4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿了呢？Hecant(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗？Imafraidwecouldntgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。PART 02情态动词情态动词2.may(might)1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？2）表可能（事实上）。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim.他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。Theymightbehavingameeting,butImnotsure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。PART 02情态动词情态动词3.must1）表示义务。意为“必须”，mustnt表示禁止，不可以Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustnttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样对她说话。-Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Sheswearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。PART 02情态动词情态动词4.shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetyousometea?我给你点茶好吗？Shalltheboywaitoutside?让那男孩在外面等吗？Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。（命令）Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）PART 02情态动词情态动词5.will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。Noneissoblindasthosewhowontsee.不愿看的人眼最瞎。Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illlendittoyou.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句，而且是第二第三人称。Willyouclosethewindow?Itsabitcold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wontyoudrinksomemorecoffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？PART 02情态动词情态动词6.should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。Youshouldntwasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirstclassactors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。Theyshouldbehomebynow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。）PART 02情态动词情态动词7.would1）表意愿。（will的过去时态）Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?请把窗户擦一下好吗？Theywouldnthaveanythingagainstit.他们不会有什么反对意见。PART 02情态动词情态动词8.oughtto1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他父亲，应当管他。Yououghtnttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theresafinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。PART 02情态动词情态动词1.-Couldyouhavemycarreadytoday?-Sure.Thedamageisnotthatserious,soit_bereadyby5:00pm2.Itisrainingcatsanddogs.Imsosurprisedthatyou_standoutside.3.-Howdoyoufindtheclub?-Iwouldrathernot_(join)it.Everyoneissayingitsmanagementisgoingfrombadtoworse.(我宁愿没有加入它，大家都在说他的管理变得越来越糟糕。)4.You_useyourcellphonehereinourhospitalbecauseofthedisturbancetotheelectronicequipments!Itsforbidden.shouldshouldhavejoinedmustntPART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气一.虚拟语气在条件句中1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.Ifhewashere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+have过去分词。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气3.与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should动词原形；wereto动词原形，主句用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.PART 02 条件从句条件从句主句主句例句例句与现在事实与现在事实相相反反过去式（动词是过去式（动词是be用用were）Should/would/could/might + 动词原形动词原形 IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.与过去事实与过去事实相相反反had + 过去分词过去分词Should/would/could/ might + have +过过去去分分词词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与未来事实与未来事实相相反反1）过去式2)Weretodo3)Should+VShould/would/could/might + 动词原形动词原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气4.混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。此时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Ifyou_(follow)myadvice,you_(be)betternow.Ifyou_(study)hardbefore,you_(be)acollegestudentnow.hadfollowedhadstudiedwouldbewouldbePART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气二二. 连词连词if的省略的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到句首，变为倒装。Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.Ifyouwereinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气三三. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimeIwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.=IfIhadnotbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气四四.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用Itis(was)+形容词/过去分词+that引导的主语从句,从句的谓语用should+动词原形,should可省略。Itsimportantthatwe（should）workoutaplan.Itssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.常见形容词有：necessary,important,impossible,essential,reserved,strange,natural等过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested,required，requested，decided,proposed，ordered，desired，advised等PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1).用于表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有suggest，request，demand，propose，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，object,arrange,desire等。宾语从句中的谓语动词为“should+V”should可省略Thedoctorsuggestedthathe（should）notgothereHesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.Theyinsistedthattheboyshouldgowithus.Attention:如果suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenmoney.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had+过去分词”IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气Iwish+主语+一般过去时（表示现在的愿望）主语+haddone（表示过去的愿望）主语+would/could+V（表示将来的愿望）PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气3).wouldrather表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式表示过去事实相反的含义用过去完成式(had+过去分词)Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimthebadnews.PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形或省略should。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。Myadviceisthatyou(should)treatherwell.我的忠告是你应该善待她。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。Ouronlyrequestisthatthisshouldbesettledassoonaspossible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气五五. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在Itistime(that)句型中，定语从句常用一般过去时，或者是should+V,(should)不能省略Itistimethechildrenwenttobed.Itshightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.Itistimethatweshouldstartout. PART 02虚拟语气虚拟语气六.虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的从句中的应用asif/asthough引导方式状语从句或标语从句，有时从句的谓语部分要用虚拟语气形式：主句+asif+一般过去时（状语从句动作与主句的动作同时发生）过去完成时（状语从句动作先于主句的动作）Would/ could/ might +动词原形（状语从句动作后于主句的动作）Helooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgotoUSA.