出国日常英语1必备学习(共13页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。Yimen 也门出国日常英语（一）1、飞机上Passport 护照 health certificate 健康证明 luggage行李 declare申报（纳税品）value价值 customs duties关税 Declaration （纳税品的）申报，申报单 Allowance 限额 spirit烈酒 check in 入住 check out退房 foreign exchange外币兑换处 Ticket office售票处 pay phone公用电话 rent-a-car office 租车服务处 restroom厕所 blanket pillowBoarding pass captain机长 emergency exit fasten seat beltFlight attendant空中乘务员 lift vest/jacket救生衣 transit pass 过境证Hello. Which way should I go? 上飞机询问座位。 Is it free? 是不是免费？This seat is non-smoking, isn't it? I have has enough. Thank you. 我吃够了。What kind of soft drinks不含酒精饮料 /beer啤酒 /wine /Scotch威士忌 do you have?Can you tell me how to turn on the reading light?如何打开阅读灯吗 Adjust the air-ventilation/ recline the seatWhat did she say in the announcement?询问机上广播内容Are we arriving on schedule? 我们是正点到达吗？ Behind schedule 晚点 / ahead of schedule 提前What's the best way to get downtown from the airport? 从机场到城市采用的最好方式是什末 How do I fill out this form?询问海关如何填写。2、在机场Cart 行李车 air fare 机票价 alien外国人 arrival time 到达时间Baggage claim area 行李提取处 boarding gate/ time E/D card=Embarkation/Disembarkation card出入境登记卡Nationality occupation职业 quarantine 检疫transit 过境Transfer 转车转机 identification(ID) 身份证明 security check 安检 stop over 中途停留stand-by（在机场）侯位，候补 terminal终点站 Is this the line for non-residents? 外国人是排这一行吗？I have nothing to declare. 没有什么要申报的。 All these are private items/things.I just have clothes and personal belongings/items. What's the purpose of your visit? I am here to attentd the World Telecom 99.Is this the baggage claim area from British Airways 123? 某航班行李提取处。Where can I have someone paged?请求广播呼叫 How long are you going to stay in this country? 15 days. 待多久？15天 Where is the information counter? 问讯处在哪里？转机transit行李确认：I have a connecting flight on EK401. Where do I check in my baggage? Where is (Where can I find)the EK check-in counter?登记柜台在哪Can you change these dollars into L.E., please? 请将这些美元换成卢比。Could you include some small change?可以给我一些硬币零钱吗？What's the exchange rate today? 今天的兑换率？Is there a change machine around here? 有没有兑换机？I'd like to pay with traveler's checks/with credit card/in cash.旅行支票/信用卡/现金 3、在酒店Do you have a room available for tomorrow night? 你的房间是住到明天晚上吗 Do you have any vacancies tonight? Single/ double/twin room 单人房/双人房/双床房提到我的房间My name is Lee. I have a reservation.有预约Would you carry my suitcase to my room, please? 请把我的行李 Bellboy 服务生Will you make up my bill tonight? 请今晚把帐结好，明早退房好快速结帐。Who is it?应门。哪一位？ I'm very sick. Can I call a doctor? 我很难受，请给我找医生 How much is the fare? 车费与付费方式。I would like to make an overseas call to China, please.(local call domestic call overseas call)Can you fax this to China? 请把这个传真到中国 I'm check out. 我退房 Can you send a bellboy up? 你能提供叫醒服务吗 Will you give me a wake-up call at seven o'clock tomorrow morning? 请在明早七点叫醒What's this amout for? 这项款是什么费用？4、交通Where is the bus stop for Chinatown? 到中国城的汽车站在哪 How often does this bus run? 汽车多久一趟？Which bus do I take to go to the National Museum? 哪辆车是到 How much is the fare?车费多钱Where do I get off to go to World Park? 世界公园在哪站下车 Can I get a subway map? 能给我一份地铁站目表吗What's the sleeper fare?卧铺多钱Would you call a taxi for me? 你能给我叫辆出租吗I'd like a round-trip ticket from Chicago to Boston on the 13th? 我想要一张从芝加哥到波士顿的来回票Do you have any cheaper tickets? 有便宜一点的票吗I'd like to confirm my reservation. 我想确认一下我的预约I'd like to check in these two suitcases.行李托运 Can I have a window seat?我能坐窗口的座位吗I'd like a compact car that gets good mileage? Can I rent a car for just one day? 我能租一天的车吗 How much do you charge for that car? 你租那辆车多钱 I'd like to have full insurance. 5、餐饮baked放在烤箱烘烤的 boiled煮的 broiled直接用火烧烤的 deep-fried 炸的 Marinated 卤的 mashed捣碎的 poached用水煮的sliced切片的 Smoked 熏的 steamed 蒸的Do you know any good restaurants around here?你知道附近有好点的餐馆吗？ Excuse me. 打扰了Could I have a menu, please. 请给我份菜谱I'd like to make a reservation for two at seven tonight? 今晚七点我在餐馆订了两份 个位置 Is this dish very spicy(辣)? 鱼是否很辣？6、购物Is there a department store near here? 附近有超市吗？ Where are the women's shoes? 女鞋在哪卖？I'm just looking. Thank you .我只是看看，谢谢How much is this, including tax? 上税后这个多钱？Can you give me a discount?你给个价？I will take this one. 我买这个。I am looking for something a little different. 我想找个有点不同的I'd like to return this.我宁愿退货I'd like to exchange this for a larger size.我想换一个大点的Can I try this on? 我能试穿吗？Can you show me how to use this?能给我示范一下怎末用吗How is this one different from that one? 两者之间有差别吗Where was this made? 这是哪生产的？Is this a genuine diamond?钻石是真品吗？I have an upset stomach. Do you have any good medicine? 我疼的烈害，有好药吗 Can I have this gift-wrapped? How many tablets do I take at a time? 一次吃几片7、娱乐What's playing now?上映什么片子？Two tickets for Gone with the Wind? 两张“乱世佳人”的票Excuse me. Is this seat taken? 对不起您座这吗Which shows are popular right now? 现在那部影片卖座？Can you tell me how I can get tickets for a baseball game? 你能告诉我哪能买到网球票吗？8、生活体验Can I have a 24-exposure roll of Kodak? 我买一卷能拍24张的柯达胶卷Can you have batteries like this? 这有像这样的电池吗？I'd like to have this film developed, please.我要冲胶卷 When will it be ready? 什么时候可以完成I've come to pick up my prints. Are they ready.我来取相片，冲好了吗？How much is it to send a post card to ShenZhen?寄到深圳的明信片多钱？Could I make an appointment for a haircut? How much do you charge for a haircut?How long is the wait?等多久I'd like to have this jacket dry-cleaned. 我想干洗这件夹克。When are you open?营业时间9、SOSMy money was stolen.我的钱被偷了？I lost my purse. I can't find my 我找不到我的护照passport.I left my bag here. 我把包拉这了Where's the police station? 警局在哪Is there a lost and found in the store?失物招领处是这吗Help! 救命 Police! 警察 Thief! 小偷 I've been robbed! 我被抢了 He took my 他抢了我的钱money! Stop him! 抓住他 Somebody, please stop him! 抓贼呀I have a cold/ fever / a headache/ a runny nose/ a sore throat/ a stomachache. 我感冒/发烧/头疼/流鼻涕/胃痛It hurts here. 受伤 I have a sharp pain.我很痛 My back hurts.我背受伤了 I feel sick.我难受 I have no appetite.Could you call a doctor, please?请叫医生来I need an ambulance right away. 我需要包扎Please take me to the hospital.请送我到医院My blood type is B.我是B型血。10、国家名称Algeria阿尔及利亚、Egypt埃及、Kuwait科威特、Libya利比亚、Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯、Syria叙利亚共和国) Pan-Arab-Event泛阿位伯盛会、North African World 北非、Niger尼日尔、Chad乍得、Sudan苏丹、Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚、Nigeria尼日利亚、Central Africa中非、Israel以色列、Jordan约旦、Palestine巴勒斯坦、Iraq伊拉克、Iran伊朗、Brazil巴西、Peru秘鲁、Chile智利、Venezuela委内瑞拉、Mexico墨西哥、Pakistan巴基斯坦、Philippines菲律宾、India印度、Singapore新加坡、Indonesia印度尼西亚、South Korea南韩、Japan日本、Sri Lanka斯里兰卡、Malaysia马来西亚、New Zealand新西兰、Thailand泰国、Austria澳大利亚、Belgium比利时、Czech Republic 捷克、Denmark丹麦、Finland芬兰、France法国、Germany德国、Greece希腊、Hungary匈牙利、Italy意大利、Netherlands荷兰、Norway挪威、Portugal葡萄牙、Russia俄罗斯、Slovakia斯洛伐克、Spain西班牙、Switzerland瑞士、Turkey土耳其-Yimen 也门英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.专心-专注-专业