英语中的就近和就远原则ppt课件.pptx

由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be句型; either or； neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g. What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。(eitheror) Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。There be句型的就近原则是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点.There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定.There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.有一本书和三只猫.There is a book and three cats.有三只猫和一本书.There are three cats and a book. (b)在倒装句中：谓语一般与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。在强调句中对主语进行强调时，who后面的谓语与真正的主语保持一致。It was Mary who does the jobs well.(dose 对应mary)就远原则就是依主语来决定,有as much as. rather than. more than. no less than. as well as. in addition to. with. etc. No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。用法1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。a friend of my brothers是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。用法2如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。(同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。)就近修饰名词原则The exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, includedcircling the globe faster than Jules Vernes fictional Phileas Fogg. （GRE）“a pioneer journalist”作同位语就近修饰了“Nellie Bly”，“of Nellie Bly”修饰了“The exploits”，“The exploits”的谓语动词是“included”。【大意】 Nellie Bly，一个先锋记者的探险包括了比Jules Vernes fictional Phileas Fogg更快地环游地球。在同位语从句中往往会有同位语的分割现象以下句子中，句末的同位语从句被红色部分分隔开来（就远）。例如：The questionsometimes comes to my mindwhether it was worth the effort.There is no doubt,in my opinion, that what matters is not ones looks, but ones inner thoughts