文献综述-带英语版(共5页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Modern office building integrated design researchIn 1, the demand of environmental protectionThe earth is our common home, development of human civilization in the history also paid heavy price, the human living environment worsening. The protection of the earth, love for the environment, maintaining the ecological, realize the sustainable development, has become the government and the common people the focus of attention. Office buildings in its energy consumption and environmental pollution etc, be the first to bear the brunt, office buildings ecological trend of course has become a historical necessity, mainly reflected in the energy saving, environmental protection, use of materials and the quality of the space environment and other aspects of the improvement. Environmental protection has always been around the social construction of sustainable development and person and natural harmonious relationship problems, determines the current office building environmental protection, energy-saving development factors.To successfully achieve this purpose, the building must benefit from can complete a series of objectives of comprehensive design. The new train of thought is the natural energy ( solar energy, wind energy, natural lighting, natural ventilation ) and artificial systems ( lighting, air conditioning and building management system) combined, its main technical means are: one, with new photovoltaic panels for solar energy electric energy to provide power for added; two, by the middle of the adjustable visor double-layer outer wall of air convection effect to improve the indoor environment and energy consumption; three, to implement the water cycle to provide supplemental source; four, with a wind turbine to generate electric power.In 2, the needs of humanityOffice space design of the service object is the one in which the work of the staff, so it needs to consider many aspects, related to science, technology, humanities, art and other factors. Comfortable office space can not only make people have a sense of satisfaction, stimulate the work enthusiasm and creativity, but also enhance the intellectual labor effect. Comfort is around office building value is one of the important factors.Due to the production of high efficiency, life focus and the competition pressure, the requirement to construction from the enjoyment of the material to the spirit of joy pursuit, aesthetics, ecology, psychology, sociology, residential human ergonomics, behavior science and other disciplines will be reflected in the building, architectural culture and emotional fusion. The design of office buildings and stressed that "people-oriented" concept, through the exchange of people and communication to create a kind of humanized space. Public space and architectural space in the hall the bottom was also developed and more humane. The last office buildings are often indifferent boring, can only provide monochromatic cold space. Now, a variety of stone for the design offers a wide variety of colors and patterns. Wood and glass is often used in public space, interior and landscape design is introduced to high-rise buildings. Bamboo, trees, flowers and other green often give public space (such as the entrance lobby space ) humane features.3, the tendency of diversificationAs the office and efficiency change and improve, will inevitably lead to changes in office scale and office space, industrial era, hundreds of thousands of people in the large-scale space group office approach is obviously be inopportune or inappropriate, small scale, specialization, systematization of modern office form mainstream. In addition to government agencies and large financial institutions, it has been difficult for us to see in the city office building is an enterprise in the office. As a result of office system more professional and complex, the building has a composite function. Office forms are derived from office apartment, hotel type office complex office building. Can say, modern office building is not only the staff offices, and often is a set of office, residential, home, exhibition, culture, business, catering, entertainment, social, as one of a comprehensive building.分享到 翻译结果抱歉，系统响应超时，请稍后再试· 支持中英、中日在线互译· 支持网页翻译，在输入框输入网页地址即可· 提供一键清空、复制功能、支持双语对照查看，使您体验更加流畅现代化办公建筑的整体化设计研究1、环境保护的需求地球是我们人类共同生活的家园，在人类文明发展的历程上也付出了沉重的代价，人类的生存条件日益恶化。保护地球、热爱环境、维护生态、实现人类的可持续发展，已成为了各国政府和人民的共同关注的焦点。办公建筑在其能源消耗和环境污染等方面首当其冲，办公建筑的生态化趋势当然也就成为了历史的必然，主要体现在节能、环保、材料使用和空间环境质量等几个方面的改进。环境保护始终围绕着社会建设的可持续发展问题及人与自然协调关系的问题，决定着当今办公建筑环保、节能的发展因素。为顺利达到这一目的，建筑物必须受益于可以完成一系列目标综合设计思路。这种新思路是把自然能源（太阳能、风能、自然采光、自然通风等）与人工系统（照明、空调和建筑管理系统等）结合起来，其主要技术手段有：一、用新型的光电板来实行太阳光能电能的转换来提供补充电源；二、用中间可调节的遮阳板的双层外墙中的空气对流作用来改善室内环境并节约能耗；三、实行中水循环来提供补充水源；四、用风力透平产生电力等。2、人性化需求办公空间设计的服务对象是在其中工作的工作人员，因此需要考虑多方面的问题，涉及科学、技术、人文、艺术等诸多因素。舒适的办公场所不仅能使人有一种满足感，激发工作的热情和创造力，而且还具有提高智力劳动的效果。舒适性是左右办公楼价值的重要因素之一。由于生产的高效、生活的集中和竞争的压力，人们对建筑的要求从物质享受变为对精神愉悦的追求，美学、生态学、心理学、住宅社会学、人体工效学、行为学等多种学科将在建筑中得到体现，建筑文化与情感相互融合。当今办公建筑设计强调“以人为本”的空间理念，通过人与人的交流和沟通来营造一种人性化的空间。公共空间和大厅这些位于建筑底层的空间也有所发展而更加人性化。过去的办公建筑往往冷漠乏味，只能提供单色的冰冷空间。现在，种类丰富的石材为设计提供多种多样的颜色及图案。木材和玻璃也常常被应用在公众空间里，室内景观设计被引入到高层建筑中。竹子、树木、花草等绿化常常赋予公共空间(如入口大堂空间)人性化的特征。3、多元化倾向由于办公方式和效率的改变与提高，必然导致办公规模与办公空间的变化，工业时代几百人上千人的大规模大空间集团办公的方式显然已经不合时宜了，小规模、专业化、系统化成为现代办公形态的主流。除政府行政机构和大型金融机构外，现在我们已很难在城市中看到一幢办公大楼只是一个企业在办公的情形了。由于办公系统的愈加专业和复杂，使建筑具有了复合功能。办公形式也衍化出公寓式办公、酒店式办公等复合办公建筑。可以这么说，现代办公楼已不仅是职员办公的场所，而往往是集办公、居住、旅宿、展览、文化、商业、饮食、娱乐、社交等为一体的综合性建筑物。现代化办公建筑设计思考1、办公建筑的外部造型设计要点随着现代办公要求的发展，办公建筑的空间构成也在不断适应新的办公功能和舒适性要求而不断变化。现代办公楼是从适应现代办公功能的要求出发，合理安排交通路线，综合考虑审美、技术等多种因素的空间组合结果。下面就外皮、外窗及屋顶简要说明建筑设计的要点。现代办公建筑的外皮：目前开工新建筑填充墙多为各种砌块。就外立面的装饰来说，多数高层办公楼建筑采用涂料或瓷砖贴面，档次较高、规模较大的建筑物常采用幕墙作为围护和外部装饰；就选材来说，幕墙形式包括石材、玻璃、金属等，或是几种材料综合应用的混合幕墙。外窗：由于目前无规范限制公共建筑的开窗大小，因此，出于景观和采光的需要，公建的开窗面积较大。办公建筑采用较多的有塑钢窗、铝合金窗、彩钢窗等，或在幕墙中设置开窗：少数超高层办公楼为阻隔外界影响，幕墙上不设可开启的窗。屋顶：作为建筑的“第五立面”，屋顶作用越来越受到重视，特别在办公建筑中更是如此。最近常见屋面设置屋顶绿化等做法。2、办公建筑的节能设计措施办公楼在建筑规划设计阶段，要慎重考虑建筑物的朝向、体形、绿化、风向等因素对节能的影响，还要考虑材料、构造作法及空间采暖、通风、采光、照明、电气等各个环节对节能的影响，我国由于地域辽阔，国家标准已将全国划分为五个热工气候分区，不同的区域采取的节能方式也有所不同。如北方寒冷地区建筑节能以采暖保温为主，南方炎热地区以隔热降温为主。从节能的角度来看，在同一幢办公楼中，小办公室比敞开式更能节约建筑能耗。小办公室便于采用小型化的，即使采用集中式，也有利于实现分区控制，减少不必要的电耗。虽然小办公室形式可能会减少一些可使用面积，但是综合考虑节约资源和降低使用维护成本，并没有劣势。存在高大公共空间往往是高层办公建筑特别是新建建筑的特点之一，如前所述的中庭建筑就常在新建高层办公楼出现。这样的建筑空间由于采光需要必然有很大部分是由透光材料构成，常见高大空间的构造，导致两种自然现象烟囱效应和温室效应。以中庭为例，这两种效应的存在可以使室内舒适也可以破坏室内环境，必须加以合理利用。热天，利用烟囱效应引导室内通风、加强对流：冬天减少空气流动的开口，利用温室效应加热室内空气，同时在冬季冷风渗透是热量散失的一个主要途径，为减少这一损失，要加强玻璃嵌缝的密封性能：开门处可设置门斗形成缓冲区域；采用双层玻璃或热阻较大的玻璃防止热量过多损失，等等。3、屋面雨水蓄存和利用系统的构思屋面雨水蓄存和利用系统以瓦质量面和水泥混凝土屋面为主，以金属、黏土和混凝土材料为最佳屋顶材料，不能采用含铅材料。屋面雨水积蓄利用系统由集雨区、输水系统、截污净化系统、储存系统及配水系统等几部分组成，有时还设有渗透系统，并与贮水池溢流管相连，当集雨量较多或降雨频繁时，部分雨水可进行渗透。经初期弃流后的雨水通过贮水池收集，贮水池容积大小根据当地的暴雨强度公式绘出不同历时的雨量曲线来确定。屋面雨水积蓄利用系统主要用于小区内家庭、公共场所等非饮用水，如浇灌、冲刷、洗车等。在历经一百多年之后，高层办公建筑已逐渐形成了成熟而独立的发展体系，人们不再满足于既有的形式，总是对建筑师的创造性寄予更高的厚望，同时，项目设计权的竞争也激发了建筑师绞尽脑汁去构想尽可能的出奇制胜。对于建筑设计的创新是永远不会停止的，人们对高层办公建筑的新类型、新形式的追求，也是永不满足的，会尝试更加冒险的解决方法。因此，建筑师永远在寻求新的设计方法、新的建筑形式，以求捕捉时代精神。专心-专注-专业