中考复习名词公开课ppt课件.ppt
词词1 1、知道名词的分类、知道名词的分类2 2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3 3、掌握可数名词及复数的变化规则、掌握可数名词及复数的变化规则4 4、掌握不可数名词及数量的表达法、掌握不可数名词及数量的表达法、表示某一、表示某一特定特定的人、月份、周、日、节的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示、表示独一无二独一无二的事物。的事物。、前面一般、前面一般不加冠词不加冠词。、。D December ecember 十二月十二月S Spring pring F Festival estival 春节春节 A Asia sia 亚洲亚洲C China hina 中国中国B Beijing eijing 北京北京the the U United nited N Nationsations联合联合国国T Tsinghua singhua U Universityniversity清华清华大学大学Y Yao ao M Ming ing 姚明姚明N Newton ewton 牛顿牛顿B Beckham eckham 贝克汉姆贝克汉姆返回返回可数可数名词名词apple苹果苹果desk桌子桌子family家庭家庭group团,群团,群不可不可数名数名词词happiness幸福幸福knowledge知识知识water水水milk牛奶牛奶个体个体名词名词集体集体名词名词抽象抽象名词名词物质物质名词名词表示表示个体的人个体的人或事物或事物的词的词表示表示一群人一群人或或一一些些事物的词事物的词表示行为、品质表示行为、品质、感情或状态等、感情或状态等抽象概念抽象概念的词的词表示构成各种物体的表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词物质或材料的词,是是无法分为个体的实物无法分为个体的实物 个体名词和集体名词可以用个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为数目来计算,称为物质名词和抽象名词一般无法物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为用数目计算,称为可数可数名词名词变变复复数数单单数数 carsbooks oranges1.一般情况下直接加一般情况下直接加s,在清辅音后在清辅音后读读/ s/,在浊辅音和元音后读,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,在在ce,ze,se,(d)ge等结尾的词后等结尾的词后读读/iz/. car - book- orange- Formulas Formulas 寻找规律寻找规律 2. 以以 s,x, ch, sh等结尾的名词等结尾的名词,在词尾加在词尾加 es,读,读/iz/。foxesclasseswatcheswishesfox class watch wish party -family -boy -toy -parties familiesboys toys yies3.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的名结尾的名词,变词,变 为 再加再加 ,读,读/iz/ 4 以以f或或fe尾的名词,将尾的名词,将 或或 变成变成ves,读读/vz/. wivesknivesleaveswife -knife -leaf -ffe妻子妻子刀刀狼狼小偷小偷架架己己命命树叶树叶wifeknife wolfthiefshelfselflifeleaf半半half妻子妻子持持刀刀去宰去宰狼,小偷狼,小偷吓得发了慌吓得发了慌躲在躲在架架后保后保已已命命,半半片片树叶树叶遮目光遮目光5.以o结尾的单词potatoesmangoestomatoesNegroes黑人黑人heroes英雄英雄 Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango两两人人两两蔬蔬一一果果(都都是有生命的是有生命的)规则总结规则总结1.一般情况下直接加S2. 以以 s,x, ch, sh等结尾的名词等结尾的名词,在词尾在词尾加加es3.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变结尾的名词,变 y为为i,再加,再加es。4,以以f或或fe结尾的名词,将结尾的名词,将ffe变成变成ves5.以以o结尾的单词,加结尾的单词,加es的只有的只有5个:个:Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango与与众众不同不同a pair of scissorsa pair of chopsticksa pair of sports shoesa pair of pants一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)(1)将中心词变为复数将中心词变为复数girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2)(2) man,woman构成的合成词,每个构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数名词都要变成复数a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers 真题训练1.There are some _ (potato)in the basket.2.Look! There are a lot of _(leaf)on the ground.3.She has three _ (boy).4.There are a few _ (people)in the room.5.There are two _ (baby)in the picture.6.These_(watch)and _(clock)are made in China.7.There are three _ (country)in North America,Canada,the United States and Mexico.WM O MtdC gCjffsheep(sheep)woman(women)man(men)ox(oxen)mouse(mice)child(children)foot(feet)Japanese(Japanese)tooth(teeth)deer(deer)Chinese(Chinese)goose(geese)fish(fish)FormulasFormulas寻寻找找规律规律不规则总结不规则总结sheep(复复)sheep, Japanese(复)(复)Japanese2.oo-eegoose(复)(复)geese3.aeman(复)(复)men4.以以en结尾结尾child(复)复)children5.mouse-mice变man为 men policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen German(德国人德国人) Germans human(人类人类)-humans 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water,rice,fish,meat 等。等。 特别记特别记住住housework work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information medicinewood,meat,paper,goldinformation,knowledge,news,advicefood,fruit,water,coffee,milkfurniture,clothingair,wind,rain,snowChinese,Japese,English,math,physics既可做可数名词,又做不可数名词的:既可做可数名词,又做不可数名词的:可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 a paper paper 纸a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 铁 a room room 空间 a chicken chicken 鸡肉 a beauty beauty 美 a youth youth 青春a fish fish 鱼肉1. There _some_in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 2. There_two_in the box. A. is ,watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is ,watches 3. We should clean_twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.our teeth D.our teeths 易错题练练看易错题练练看、可数名词有、可数名词有单数单数和和复数复数两种形式。两种形式。、单数名词与冠词、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为连用。表示数量为“一一”、可数名词、可数名词有复数形式有复数形式,表示数量,表示数量“大于一大于一”。可以可以用数词来修饰复数名词用数词来修饰复数名词,来表示名词的,来表示名词的具体具体数量数量。如果要表示可数名词的。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量不确切的数量,可,可以以用用how many,many,a few,few,any,lots of, some,a lot of等等修饰。修饰。 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.2.常用常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词等来修饰不可数名词 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home. 【例1】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car, because there are already five people. A.land B.ground C.room D.floor【例2】 I am thirsty. Would you bring me_, please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs考点探究考点探究易错题连连看易错题连连看1. The old man wants _ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D.six boxs of apples2. There_ in the fridge. A. two bag of salt B. two bags of salts C. two bags of salt D. two bag of salts Quick Response Quick Response 快速反应快速反应Say the plural forms of the countable nouns1.job _ 2.cake _ 3.bread _4.baby _ 5.lady _ 6.key_7.box _ 8.match _ 9.brush _10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _13.potato_ 14.photo _ 15.radio _16.people_ 17.police _ 18.news _19.tooth _ 20.child _ 21.day _jobscakesbabiesladieskeysboxesmatchesbrushesleavesknivesshelvespotatoesphotosradiospeoplepoliceteeth childrendays词词1 1、复习名词的分类和可数名词复数的、复习名词的分类和可数名词复数的变化规则变化规则2 2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3 3、掌握不可数名词及量的表达法、掌握不可数名词及量的表达法4. 4.名词所有格的用法名词所有格的用法 Quick Response Quick Response 快速反应快速反应Say the plural forms of the countable nouns1.job _ 2.cake _ 3.bread _4.baby _ 5.lady _ 6.key_7.box _ 8.match _ 9.woman _10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _13.human_ 14.photo _ 15.hero _16.people_ 17.police _ 18.news _19.tooth _ 20.child _ 21.day _jobscakesbabiesladieskeysboxesmatcheswomenleavesknivesshelveshumansphotosheroespeoplepoliceteeth childrendays 物质物质名词名词部分食物部分食物bread面包面包 meat肉类肉类 cheese奶酪奶酪液体类液体类milk牛奶牛奶 water水水 wine酒酒 oil油油自然物质自然物质soil土壤土壤 sand沙子沙子 wood木头木头抽象抽象名词名词情感类情感类joy高兴高兴 friendship友情友情 peace和平和平学科类学科类math数学数学 geography地理地理physics物理物理 chemistry化学化学概念类概念类population人口人口 knowledge知识知识情况情况方法方法示例示例具体的量具体的量数词数词/冠词冠词+计量单计量单位位+of+不可数名词不可数名词a piece of paper, three cups of water大概的量大概的量表示量的限定词表示量的限定词+不可数名词不可数名词some water, a lot of money1. The old man wants _ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D.six boxs of apples2. There_ in the fridge. A. two bag of salt B. two bags of salts C. two bags of salt D. two bag of salts常见的常见的修饰可数名词复数修饰可数名词复数的限定词:的限定词:these这些;这些;those那些;那些;few几乎没有;几乎没有;a few一些;一些;many许多;许多;too many太多的;太多的;a (great/large) number of大量的;大量的;scores of大量大量/许多;许多;dozens of几十几十/许多;许多;hundreds of/thousands of 许多许多大于大于1的具体基数词的具体基数词(如:如:35 pens) 常见的常见的修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词的限定词:的限定词:this这个这个;that那个那个;little几乎没有几乎没有;a little一点儿一点儿;a bit of一点儿;一点儿;much许多;许多;too much太多的;太多的;数词数词/不定冠词表数量的名词不定冠词表数量的名词of(如:如:two cups of tea/milk, two glasses of water, a piece of paper) 1.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box2.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese,Germen B. Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German D.Japanese,Germans3.She was born in Wuhan,but Wenzhou has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 4.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two newsADABLily fatherTombooksJane and Maria desks 1. Beijing is the capital China. Beijing is Chinacapital. 2. This is Mary and her sister bedroom. Bob and Lucy sister is a nurse.3. These are Tom and Lilybags.4. She is the two mother. 5. the door the room the leaves the tree6. the name=the namethe girl7. He is a friend my brother .的的类别类别构成方法构成方法举例举例普通普通单数名单数名词词在在词尾直接词尾直接加加smy fathers friend我父亲的朋友我父亲的朋友词尾词尾已有已有-s的复数的复数名词名词在在词尾只加词尾只加Students rooms学学生们的房间生们的房间词尾词尾不带不带-s的复数的复数名词名词在在词尾直接词尾直接加加sChildrens Day儿儿童节童节表示表示关关系系在在最后最后一个词一个词的词尾的词尾加加sJane and Marys room简和玛丽的房间(指简和玛丽的房间(指两个人共用一个房间两个人共用一个房间)表示表示关关系系在在每个每个词的词词的词尾加尾加sJanes and Marys rooms简和玛丽各自的简和玛丽各自的房间房间(指分别所有指分别所有)表示表示等等在在词尾词尾加加s,省略其省略其后名词后名词at my uncles 在我叔叔在我叔叔家家 “”便构成了便构成了of所有格,所有格,此结构通常用来此结构通常用来。如:如: a map of China一张中国地图一张中国地图 the gate of the school学校的大门学校的大门 双重所有格由双重所有格由“”或或“”构成。如构成。如: a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友 a photo of mine 我的一张照片我的一张照片名词所有格名词所有格 【考点探究】【考点探究】1. How far is your cousins home from here? Its about twodrive. A. hours B. hoursC. hoursD. hour2. mothers cant go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business. A. Alice and Lilys B. Alices and LilysC. Alices and Lily D. Alice and Lily、可数名词有、可数名词有单数单数和和复数复数两种形式。两种形式。、单数名词与冠词、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为连用。表示数量为“一一”、可数名词、可数名词有复数形式有复数形式,表示数量,表示数量“大于一大于一”。可以可以用数词来修饰复数名词用数词来修饰复数名词,来表示名词的,来表示名词的具体具体数量数量。如果要表示可数名词的。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量不确切的数量,可,可以以用用,any,lots of, some,a lot of等等修饰。修饰。 Some bread is over there. No news is good news. 2.2.常用常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词等来修饰不可数名词 They had much money. He does little housework at home.看例题识所有看例题识所有格格 1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital. 2. This is Mary and her sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse. 3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.4. She is the two boys mother.5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree 6. the girls name=the name of the girl7. He is a friend of my brothers.的的名词的所有格名词的所有格( (表示人或物的所属关系表示人或物的所属关系) ) (1)(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。国家等的名词所有格。 不是以不是以s s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加s s。 egegMikes watchMikes watch;Womens DayWomens Day 以以s s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。 egegteachersofficeteachersoffice,studentsroomsstudentsrooms 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加后一个名词后加s s。 egegTom and Mikes roomTom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间汤姆和迈克的房间( (表示汤表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房姆和迈克共有一间房) ) 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加名词后都加s s。 eg.Marys and Jennys bikeseg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车玛丽和詹妮的自行车( (表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车) ) (2)(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用无生命的事物的名词所有格常用ofof结构结构 egega map Of Chinaa map Of China,the beginning Of this gamethe beginning Of this game,the the door Of the roomdoor Of the room(3)(3)特殊形式特殊形式 可用可用s s和和ofof短语表示的名词所有格短语表示的名词所有格 egegthe boys name=the name Of the boy(the boys name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字男孩的名字) ) the dogs legs=the legs of the dog( the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿狗的腿) ) Chinas population=the population Of China( Chinas population=the population Of China(中国的人中国的人口口) ) Chinas capital=the capital of China( Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都中国的首都) ) 双重所有格双重所有格 egega fiend of my mothersa fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Tomsa picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片汤姆的一张图片名词所有格的构成:名词所有格的构成:(1 1)单数名词)单数名词 构成构成s s所有格的方法所有格的方法 直接在词直接在词尾尾+s+s(2 2)复数名词词尾如果没有)复数名词词尾如果没有s s,构成,构成s s所有格的方所有格的方法法 直接在词尾直接在词尾+s+s(3 3)复数名词词尾如果有)复数名词词尾如果有s s,构成,构成s s所有格的方法所有格的方法 直接在词尾直接在词尾+(4 4)表示几个主语共有一样东西,所有格的构成方)表示几个主语共有一样东西,所有格的构成方法是法是 在在最后一个主语后最后一个主语后+s+s表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西,所有格的构成方法表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西,所有格的构成方法是是 在每个主语后都在每个主语后都+s+s(5 5)通常情况下,表示无生命的)通常情况下,表示无生命的东西的所有格东西的所有格 应用应用“名词名词+of+of+名词名词”所有格形式所有格形式 (6 6)双重所有格。如果在表示所)双重所有格。如果在表示所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用代词或指示代词时,常用“of+of+所所有格有格”或或“of+of+名词性物主代词的名词性物主代词的形式形式”,即双重所有格。,即双重所有格。返回返回可数名词-复数变化不规则的变化变化1 1manwomangentlemanEnglishmanbusinessmanpolicemanmenwomengentlemenEnglishmenbusinessmenpolicemen1 1类:类:a ae2 2类:类:ooooee3 3类:类:ouseouseice4 4类:词尾加类:词尾加(r)en变化变化2 2foottoothgoosefeetteethgeese变化变化3 3mousemice变化变化4 4childoxchildrenoxen变化变化5 5sheepdeerworksseriesspeciesChineseaircraftsheepdeerworksseriesspeciesChineseaircraft5 5类:单复数同形类:单复数同形1.单复数同形的单词有:单复数同形的单词有:Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep归归纳纳总总结结中中日日人民爱护人民爱护鱼鱼鹿鹿羊羊2.oo-eefootfeettoothteethgoosegeese3.a-e manmenwomanwomen4.以以en结尾结尾childchildrenoxoxen5.mousemicehumanhumans6.GermanGermans【用法表解用法表解】1. 名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成构构成成方方法法单数名词一般在词尾加单数名词一般在词尾加s以以s结尾的复数名词加结尾的复数名词加不以不以s结尾的复数名词加结尾的复数名词加s表示两个人共有同一物表示两个人共有同一物, 则只在后一个名词词尾加则只在后一个名词词尾加s; 如如果两个人分别拥有某物果两个人分别拥有某物, 则在两个名词词尾加则在两个名词词尾加s (被修饰被修饰名词要用复数形式名词要用复数形式)表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等的无生命名表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等的无生命名词也可以在词尾加词也可以在词尾加s构成所有格构成所有格一些表示职业、姓氏或称呼的名词后加一些表示职业、姓氏或称呼的名词后加s,表示某一处所表示某一处所等。等。 The girls schoolbag is nice. 这个女孩的书包很漂亮.The teachers office is over there. 老师们的办公室在那里。There are many childrens books in the shop. 在这家商店里有许多儿童读物。This is Tom and Peters room. 这是汤姆和彼得的房间。These are Toms and Peters shoes. 这些是汤姆和彼得的鞋子。todays paper今天的报纸2.of表示的所有格形式表示的所有格形式(1)一般用于没有生命的东西。一般用于没有生命的东西。 the title of the article(2)用于较长的定语修饰的有生命的东用于较长的定语修饰的有生命的东西。西。 the name of that boy over there(3)双重所有格形式。双重所有格形式。 a friend of my mothers 3. 双重所有格双重所有格在同一个名词词组中同时具备在同一个名词词组中同时具备“s”或或of两种所有格叫双重所两种所有格叫双重所有格。双重所有格表示有格。双重所有格表示of前面的内容与其后面的内容是同类前面的内容与其后面的内容是同类的。的。结构结构例句例句名词名词+of+名词所有格名词所有格A friend of Toms will join us in the game. 汤姆的一位朋友将和我们一起做游戏。汤姆的一位朋友将和我们一起做游戏。名词名词+of+名名词性物主代词性物主代词词Some friends of mine often help me with my English. 我的一些朋友经常帮我学英语。我的一些朋友经常帮我学英语。4.名词作定语名词作定语 大多数情况下用单数,某些名词用大多数情况下用单数,某些名词用复数。复数。 a history lesson; a sports meeting Can you list more?friendfriendlylovelovely常具有赞美的意味常具有赞美的意味 carehelpcolorfulcloudsun windrainhealthy表示充表示充满满的的具有具有的性质的性质dangerous看我看我“七十二变七十二变”carehopeless没有没有的的wood-woodenwool-woolenChina-ChineseJapan-JapaneseAustralia-Australian形容词形容词归纳总结归纳总结名词+ly 名词+ful名词+y名词+less名词+ous构成表不同意构成表不同意思的思的形容词形容词Lets do exercises happily and confidently!1. Ten years _ (is ,are) short time for me.2. A pair of shoes _ (is, are) under the bed.3. The number of the students in our school _ (is ,are) 2,000.4. The woman with two children _ ( is, are) coming here.5. Neither he nor I _ (are, am ) an American.isisisisam指点迷津指点迷津6. Maths _ (are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _ ( woman, teachers; women teachers).8. The population of China _ (are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.isiswomen teachers 1.Several _ are talking about their under the tree.A. woman;children B. woman;child C. women;children 2.How far is your school from here? Not very farIts about twenty _ walk.(2000杭州)杭州) A. minutes B. minutes C. minutesCC典型例题解析典型例题解析3. There are three _ in my family. (2004长春)长春) A.people B. person C. child4 .Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men roomsAAThe Browns is going to visit China. ( )The Browns are going to visit China. ( )The young is dancing there. ( )The young are dancing there. ( )Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )典型例题解析典型例题解析(T or F)Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ) T T T T T T F F F F 根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. One of the students (have) gone to Shanghai.7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Jim has some . (knife)12. The girl under the tree is a friend of (Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoshasmonthstomatoespeoplewomenknivesLucysSummary名词名词1.可数名词及其单复数(变复数的规则可数名词及其单复数(变复数的规则变化和不规则变化)变化和不规则变化)2.不可数名词不可数名词3.名词所有格名词所有格4.名词的变化名词的变化 Homework: 1.Make sentences with five plural words. 2.Recite the rules of the countable plural nouns.【考点探究】【考点探究】 They are from. Theyre. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; GermenThe students of Grade7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit(many后面应修饰可数名词复数,后面应修饰可数名词复数,sheep的复数形式还是的复数形式还是sheep。)check your homework非洲 美国澳大利亚德国印度伦敦图书馆操场报纸