中考英语-情态动词专题讲解与练习.docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语-情态动词专题讲解与练习情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，尤其是生来具备的能力。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant译为“不可能”。如：Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。2. could的用法：（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。 (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢. (3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。（2）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答neednt或dont have to .如：Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？No,you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，意为“没有必要，不必”。如：Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？ Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to.不，你不必。(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。need的用法的助记口诀：实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。7. shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“Let's do.”来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”来提出建议，表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Why not.?”实际上是“Why don't you/we.?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?8. should的用法：（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。（2） Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。） (3)be supposed to do=should do, ought to 可以代替should,语气更强烈些。9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。注意：1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。（一定不能说there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be（is going to be） a sports meeting next week.一定不能说：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will与be going to区别：. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.10. had better的用法：had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not+动原。如：We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。Youd better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1. 对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. No, you cant.2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, must. No,dont have to.3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：1.（1）.cant可译为“不会”，如：I cant play basketball.我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用cant表达不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。（3）cant还可用来回答“ May I ? ”这样的问句。如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, you cant.不，你不能。（4）cant还可用于固定习语中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做如：She cant help crying.她禁不住大哭起来。The children cant wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也许不在家。3.mustn't 不表示推测，而表示禁止。意义为“禁止，不允许” - May I park my car here? -No,you mustnt.考点四:情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了。考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法:一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man cant be her husband. She is still single.Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?2、 must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.3、 might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较may小。如：Where is Mr Li? He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come? He might not come here.4、 must,may,might/could都可以在肯定句中表“可能”。其中must的语气最强，可能性最大，其余依次递减;否定句用cant. 【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一: can和be able to:两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二:can和may1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑问句，否定句中用can，cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混点三: may be和maybe 用法区别 常用位置may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。Maybe he is wrong.情态动词练习题 ( )1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 2. Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not( ) 3. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to( ) 4. May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock. A. can B. may C. must D. need( ) 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw( ) 6. May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt( ) 7. Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. would D. must( ) 8. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? -No, it _ be him. Mr Li is much taller.A. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 9. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. A. cant take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustnt be taken( ) 10. Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt( ) 11. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may ( ) 12. May I stop here? -No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont( )13. Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should ( )14. Shall I tell John about the bad news? -No, you _. I think that will make him sad. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt ( )15. Someone is knocking at the door. Who _ it be? -It _ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; cant B. can; mustnt C. might; could D. might; may( )16. I need _ a new cellphone,for the old one needs_ . A. buy; to repair B. buy; repaired C. to buy; repairing D. buying; repair专心-专注-专业