中考宾语从句和定语从句专题复习.ppt

中考专题复习宾语从句和定语从句1. 宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。2. 宾语从句的简化形式。3. 关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。4. 关系代词的特殊用法。宾宾 语语 从从 句句宾语从句宾语从句1引导词引导词(1)在that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。(2)连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。Could you tell me _ to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？what he said宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句(3)whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。I wonder _ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。注意 下列几种情况通常使用whether：具有选择意义且又有or或or not，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；介词之后用whether；不定式前用whether。if/whether语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句2时态(1)当主句为过去时态时，从句要用相应的过去时态。We asked what Jean was doing then.我们问琼那时正在做什么。(2)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisa asked whether light _faster than sound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。travels/goes语序：陈述句语序 即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Do you remember _ (他多大岁数他多大岁数)? 当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? What happened? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?how old he is提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what_我不知道要说什么。to say 语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句定定 语语 从从 句句引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法：定语从句定语从句考点一考点一 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人 who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物 which/that which/thatwhose1. The man is Clinton.2. .I know Prime minister Wen who/that is wearing a red tiewhom we love.定语从句定语从句关系代词 先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词 先行词先行词3.Please pass me the bookwhose cover is green定语从句定语从句关系代词 先行词先行词1).先行词是先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall are our friends. Is there anyone who wants to go there?2). 在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.who、that在指人时在指人时,可以通用可以通用, 但下列但下列宜用宜用 who, 不用不用 that 如果如果先行词先行词是指是指人人, 关系代词可用关系代词可用 who, that, whom, whose(用做定语用做定语)如果如果先行词先行词指指物物, 关系代词可用关系代词可用 _或或_在在什么情况下什么情况下只用关系词只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which？whichthat 注意：！注意：！介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that 。Is this the library you borrow books?from whichfrom thatFill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat一一.当关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。e.g. 1. Those who want to go to the cinema must be at theschool gate by 3:30 p.m. 2. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.二.当先行词的结构为当先行词的结构为one of + n.(pl.)时，从句的谓语动词必须用复数时，从句的谓语动词必须用复数形式；但是如果在形式；但是如果在one 前有前有the 或或only 时，从句的谓语动词必须时，从句的谓语动词必须用单数形式用单数形式。e.g.1.She is the only one of the girls who has been to Beijing.2.He is one of the boys who have seen the film.三三.当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，并非都用当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，并非都用when或或where来引导从句，关键是看关系词在从句中的语法作用来引导从句，关键是看关系词在从句中的语法作用。e.g.The time when I went to Tokyo is in 1986.Ill never forget the time which/that I spent at college.The shop which I bought is big.The shop where/in which I bought the book is big. 定语从句应注意的事项定语从句应注意的事项Practice单项选择单项选择1.There is nothing _ I can do.A.that B.which C.who D.what2.Ill never forget the day _ I first met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when3.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what(A)(B)(C)4.Is there anything _ I can help you?A.that B.which C.who D.what5.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.What B.that C.which D.things6.Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.where C.when D.whatAAB7. He is the very one of the students_ good at English.A. who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are8.The days_I spent in the countryside in my childhood was the happiest time_I had ever had in my life. A. when/when B. when/that C. that /which D. that/thatBD9.Ill shoot anyone _ moves. A.which B.when C.where D.whoD. 根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子1你能告诉我你来中国多久了吗？Could you tell me _in China?2上海是中国最具有活力的城市之一Shanghai is the biggest city _3你妈妈想知道你是否已经安全到校。 Your mother wants to know _ you have reached school safely.4我不知道他们住在哪儿。I dont know _how long have you beenthat is one of the liveliest places in Chinaif/whetherWhere they live 语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句5昨天物理老师说地球绕着太阳转。Yesterday physics teacher said_ . . 单项填空单项填空1We want to know _ to help them. Awhat can we doBwhat we can do Chow can we do Dhow we can do 2Do you know_ the girl in white is? Im not sure. Maybe she is a doctor. AhowBwhere CwhatDwhy that the earth moves around the sun BC语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句 3Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there? Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE. teacher. Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho4Have you finished the book _ you borrowed from the library? Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dwhose DA语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句6I dont know _ she can finish the work by herself or not. Awhether Bwhat Cwho Dif7I didnt know _. 2014武汉 Awhen would the train arrive Bwhere could I get the book Cwhat has been done Dwho left the messageA语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句D8Start with the easiest thing _ you can control. Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhen9Could you tell me _？ Awhere are you from Bwhats wrong with you Cwhere you came from Dwhats your nameBB语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句解析解析修饰先行词修饰先行词the easiest thing，thing前有最高级修饰前有最高级修饰时，要用时，要用that引导。引导。解析解析考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句用陈述语序，考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句用陈述语序，且且could在句中不为在句中不为can的过去式，只是表示语气更加委婉，的过去式，只是表示语气更加委婉，故选故选B。10Im not sure_. Awhen will he come Bthat he can solve the problem Chow old is he Dif he comes on time 语法互动语法互动(十三十三)宾语从句和定语从句宾语从句和定语从句D11.I ve become good friends with several of the students in my shool _I met in the English specch contest last year.(十堰，2011) A who B where C When D whichA【2012湖北十堰】12. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom B【2013湖北十堰】13 The Palace Museum is the best place _Ive ever visited. A. that B. which C. where D. what AThank you very much !