2022年考研英语基础练习题 1（2）.docx

2022年考研英语基础练习题 1（2）阅读理解单项选择题Inademocraticsocietycitizensareencouragedtoformtheirownopinionsoncandidatesforpublicoffice,taxes,constitutionalamendments,environmentalconcerns,foreignpolicy,andotherissues.Theopinionsheldbyanypopulationareshapedandmanipulatedbyseveralfactors:individualcircumstances,themassmedia,specialinterestgroups,andopinionleaders.Wealthypeopletendtothinkdifferentlyonsocialissuesfrompoorpeople.Factoryworkersprobablydonotsharethesameviewsaswhitecollar,nonunionworkers.Womenemployedoutsidetheirhomessometimeshaveperspectivesdifferentfromthoseoffulltimehomemakers.Intheseandotherwaysindividualstatusshapesone’sviewofcurrentevents.Themassmedia,especiallytelevision,arepowerfulinfluencesonthewaypeoplethinkandact.Governmentofficialsnotehowmailfromthepublictendstofollowtheheadlines.Whateverisfeaturedinnewspapersandmagazinesandontelevisionattractsenoughattentionthatpeoplebegintoinformthemselvesandtoexpressopinions.Themassmediahavealsocreatedlargeraudiencesforgovernmentandawiderrangeofpublicissuesthanbefore.Priortotelevisionandthenationaleditionsofnewspapers,issuesandcandidatestendedtoremainlocalized.InGreatBritainandWestGermany,forexample,electionstothenationallegislatureswereusuallyviewedbyvotersaslocalcontests.Today’selectionsareseenasstrugglesbetweenpartyleadersandprograms.IntheUnitedStatesradioandtelevisionhavebeenbeneficialtothepresidency.SincethedaysofFranklinD.Rooseveltandhisfiresidechats,presidentshaveappealeddirectlytoanationalaudienceovertheheadsofCongresstoadvocatetheirprograms.Specialgroupsspendvastsumsannuallytryingtoinfluencepublicopinion.Publicutilities,forinstance,triedtoswaypublicopinioninfavorofnuclearpowerplants.Opposedtothemwerecitizens’organizationsthatlobbiedtohalttheuseofnuclearpower.Duringthe1960stheAmericanMedicalAssociationconductedanunsuccessfuladvertisingcampaigndesignedtopreventthepassageofMedicare.Opinionleadersareusuallysuchprominentpublicfiguresaspoliticians,showbusinesspersonalities,andcelebrityathletes.Theopinionsoftheseindividuals,whetherinformedandintelligentornot,carryweightwithsomesegmentsofthepopulation.Someindividuals,suchasNobelprizewinners,aresuddenlythrustintopublicviewbythemedia.Byquicklyreachingalargeaudience,theirviewsgainahearingandareperhapsinfluentialinshapingviewsoncomplexissues.1Thesecondparagraphismainlyabouttheinfluenceof.A.genderonpeople’sviewB.people’sstatusontheirviewC.livingstandardonpeople’sviewD.differentranksonpeople’sview查看原文2Theexpressionfollowtheheadlines(Line2,Para.3)shows.A.peopleseldomhavetimetoreadnewspaperarticlesB.peoplethinktheheadlinescontainthemostimportantinformationC.peopleoftengettheiropinionsfromnewspapersortelevisionD.mostpeoplelookonnewspapersorTVasmisleading查看原文3WhichofthefollowingsuggeststheroleofTVintheshapingofpublicopinion?A.TVprogramshaveastronginfluenceongovernmentalpolicy.B.Chatsontelevisionsarechiefmeansforrunningforpresidency.C.MoreandmorepeopleshowinterestinpoliticsbecauseofTV.D.BeforetheuseofTV,peopleshowedlittleinterestinpolitics.查看原文4Itisobviousthattheopinionsoffamouspeople.A.isoftenignoredbythepublicB.isseldomexpressedtothepointC.isoftenimposedonthepublicD.hasastronginfluenceonpeople查看原文5Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Theviewpointsofpeopleindifferentcircumstancesaretotallydifferent.B.Themassmediaisthemostimportantmeansthatinfluencespeople’sopinions.C.Someinterestgroupssometimesarenotonthebehalfofcommonpeople.D.Theviewsofthepublicareinfluencebyfamouspublicfiguresbecausetheiropinionsaremorereasonable.查看原文Forthegenerationthatgrewupduringthefeministrevolutionandtherapidsocialchangeofthe1960sand1970s,itatfirstseemedachievementenoughjusttomakeitinaman’sworld.Butcoupledwiththeirambition,today’swomenhavedevelopedafiercedeterminationtofindnewoptionsforbeingbothparentandprofessionalwithoutsacrificingtoomuchtoeitherroleorburningthemselvesoutbeyondredemption.Womenhavedonealloftheaccommodatingintermsoftime,energyandpersonalsacrificethatishumanlypossible,andstilltheyhavenotreachedtrueintegrationintheworkplace.Foracomplicatedsetofreasons-manybeyondtheircontrol-theyfeelconflictbetweentheircareersandtheirchildren.Allbutararefewquicklydispelthemyththatsuperwomaneverexisted.Formanywomen,professionandfamilyarepittedagainstoneanotheronahigh-stakescollisionoftheirprofessions.Inthehome,menandwomenstruggletofigureouthowdual-careermarriagesshouldwork.Roleconflictforwomenreachesfarbeyondthefundamentalwork/familydilemmatoencompassawholeconstellationoffiercelycompetingpriorities.Womentodayfindthemselvesinanintensebattlewithasocietythatcannotletgoofanarrowlydefinedworkethicthatissupportedbyafamilystructurethathasnotexistedfordecades.Theunspokenassumptionpersiststhatthereisstillawomanathometoraisethechildrenandmanagethehousehold.Buttheeconomicrealityisthatmostpeople,whetherintwo-parentorsingle-parentfamilies,needtoworkthroughouttheiradultlives.Asaconsequence,themajorityoftoday’smothersareinthelabormarket.Thefirstfull-fledgedgenerationofwomenintheprofessionsdidnottalkabouttheiroverbookedagendaorthetollittookonthemandtheirfamilies.Theyknewthattheirpositionintheofficewasshakyatbest.Withvirtuallynochoiceinthematter,theyboughtintothetraditionalnotionofsuccessintheworkplaceusuallyattainedatthehighcostofgivingupaninvolvedfamilylife.Iftheysufferedself-doubtorfrustrationabouthowhollowprofessionalsuccessfeltwithoutcomplementaryrewardsfromthehome,theyblamedthemselves-eitherforexpectingtoomuchorfordoingtoolittle.Andtheyaskedthemselvesquestionsthatheldnoeasyanswers:AmIexpectingtoomuch?Isitme?AmIaloneinthisdilemma?Dootherwomentrulyhaveitall?Untilnow,thishasbeenaprivatedilemma,unshared,aseachwomanwaslefttoforgeherownuniquesolutiontomergingherdualloyaltiestoworkandfamily.Toooftenshefeltthatalonehadfailedtoachieveacomfortablebalancebetweenthetwo.6Accordingtothepassage,today’swomen.A.wanttoachieveabalancebetweenherloyaltiestoworkandfamilyB.arestrongeradvocatesofgenderequalitythantheoldergenerationC.donotwanttosacrificeanythingatallforthedesiredliberationD.aregettingnonearertoachievingtheirambition查看原文7Themythheldbysomesuperwomenisthattheycan.A.reconciletheircareerswithparentalresponsibilities.B.devotethemselvestotheircareerwithoutregardfortheirchildrenC.resistthetemptationoftheirambitiontomakegreatachievementsD.resolvetheconflictsbetweentheircareersandchildrenwithoutanysacrifice查看原文8Inwhatwaydowomentodayfindthemselvesinanintensebattlewiththesociety?A.Thesocietyregardswomenaslessabletoperformsocialtasks.B.Womendotoomuchabouttheircareerandtoolittleabouttheirfamilies.C.Thesocietystillholdsthetraditionalimageaboutafamily.D.Womennolongerregardthefamilyasabasicunitofthesociety.查看原文9Whenwomenfailtoachieveabalancebetweenworkandchildren,they.A.letthingsgotheirowncoursesB.admitthattheyarenotsuperwomenC.usuallychoosetogiveuptheirworkD.oftenblamethemselvesforit查看原文第8页 共8页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页