2022年考研英语一新题型--排序题4.docx

2022年考研英语一新题型-排序题4排序题1Passage7Directions:Forquestion15,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistAGandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphsAandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.AAGOODunitofmeasurement,writesRobertCrease,mustsatisfythreeconditions.Ithastobeeasytorelateto,matchthethingsitismeanttomeasureinscale(nopointusinginchestodescribegeographicaldistances)andbestable.Inhisnewbook,WorldintheBalance,MrCrease,whoteachesphilosophyatStonyBrookUniversityonLongIslandandwritesacolumnforthemagazinePhysicsWorld,describesman’squestforthatmetrologicalholygrail.Intheprocess,heshowsthatthestoryofmetrology,notobviousmaterialforapageturner,canintherighthandsmakeforarivetingread.BInresponsethemetre,fromtheGreekmetron,meaningmeasure,wasusheredin,helpedalongbyFrenchrevolutionaries,eagertoreplacetheBourbontoise(justundertwometres)withanallnew,universalunit.ThemetrewastobedefinedasafractionoftheParismeridianwhoseprecisemeasurementwasunderway.Togetherwiththekilogram,initiallythemassofadecaliterofdistilledwater,itformedthebasisofthemetricsystem.CSuccessfulFrenchmetrologicaldiplomacymeantthatintheensuingdecadesthemetricsystemsupplantedahotchpotchofregionalunitsinallbarahandfulofnations.EvenBritain,longweddedtoitsimperialmeasures,cavedin.(Americansaretakinglongertopersuade.)In1875Nature,aBritishmagazine,hailedthemetricsystemasoneofthegreatesttriumphsofmoderncivilisation.Paradoxically,MrCreaseargues,itthrivedinpartasaconsequenceofBritishimperialism,whichallbutwipedoutinnumerableindigenousmeasurementsystems,creatingavacuumthatthenewframeworkwasabletofill.DForallitsdiplomaticsuccess,though,themetrefailedtoliveuptoitsoriginalpromise.Tyingittothemeridian,oranyothernaturalbenchmark,provedintractable.Asaresult,theunitcontinuedtobedefinedinexplicitreferencetoauniqueplatinumiridiumingotuntil1960.Onlythenwasitrecastinlessfleetingterms:asamultipleofthewavelengthofaparticulartypeoflight.Finally,in1983,itwastiedtoafundamentalphysicalconstant,thespeedoflight,becomingthedistancelighttravelsin1/299,792,458ofasecond.(Thesecondhadbythenitselfgotametrologicalmakeover:nolongera60thofa60thofa24thoftheperiodoftheEarth’srotation,itiscurrentlythedurationof9,192,631,770periodsofaphenomenoncalledmicrowavetransitioninanatomofcaesium133.)ETheearliestknownunitsmetthefirsttwoofMrCrease’srequirementswell.Mostweredrawnfromthingstohand:thehumanbody(thefootorthemile,whichderivesfromtheLatinmiliapassuum,or1,000paces)andtools(barrels,cups).Othersweremoreabstract.Thejournal(fromjour,Frenchforday),usedinmedievalFrance,wasequivalenttotheareaamancouldploughinadaywithasingleox,aswastheacreinBritainorthemorgeninnorthGermanyandHolland.FButnotwofeet,barrelsorworkdaysarequitethesame.Whatwasneededwasafoot,notyoursormine.Callsforafirmstandardthatwasnotsubjecttofluctuationsorthewhimoffeudallords,grewlouderinthelate17thcentury.Theywereaconsequenceofthebeginningsofinternationaltradeandmodernscience.Bothrequiredgreaterprecisiontoadvance.GNowthekilogram,thelastartefactbasedunit,awaitsitsturn.Addingurgencyisthefacttherealkilogram,storedinasafeintheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinSèvres,nearParis,seemstobesheddingweightrelativetoitsofficialcopies.MetrologistsarebusytryingtorecastitintermsofPlanck’sconstant,aformulawhichisdeemedcosmiclyinviolate,asisthespeedoflight(pendingfurtherfindingsfromCERN,anyway).Inhisjollybook,MrCreaseischeeringthemon.A→1→2→3→4→5→G1.2.3.4.5.第4页 共4页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页