08 状语从句&主语从句、表语从句 讲义--高中英语语法高考专题复习.docx

高中英语新高考语法专题学习/复习讲义08 状语从句&主语从句、表语从句状语从句状语从句在主句中充当状语，用来补充说明动词、形容词、副词等，在句中起到副词的作用，所以又被称为副词从句。状语从句种类繁多，主要有以下9种。1. 时间状语从句引导词：before(在.之前)、after(在.之后)I'll come to see you before I leave.I'll go out for a walk after I finish my work.引导词：when/while/as(当.的时候)when强调时间点，while强调时间段，as强调两个动作的同时性。I was taking a shower when the light went off.While they are waiting, they listen to the music.He sang as he walked.引导词：since(从之前某一时间点开始算)She's kept herself very busy since she retired.引导词：until(直到之后某一时间点)He didn't come back until I called him.引导词：as soon as(一.就.)I'll call you as soon as I get to Shanghai.引导词：the moment、the next time、immediately等I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.2. 地点状语从句引导词：where、wherever、everywhere、anywhereWhere there is a will, there is a way.3. 比较状语从句引导词：than(更.)、as.as(同样得.)He is smarter than I am.He is as smart as I am.句型：the+比较级+从句，the+比较级+主句The harder we work, the happier we feel.4. 条件状语从句引导词：if、unless、in case、as long as等I won't go unless I'm invited.条件状语从句中描述的是不确定的内容，所以谓语动词需要去掉时间信息，使用一般现在时表达“一般、默认、普通”的状态，而不是用表达明确信息的一般将来时。通常，条件句比主句在时态上落后一个时间段，这也适用于虚拟语气（非真实条件句）。5. 让步状语从句引导词：even if、though、although等Although I see a carrot, I will not eat it.引导词：no matter/regardless of+疑问词no matter who/what/when/where/which/how=whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever/whichever/howeverNo matter what (=Whatever) happens, I will not eat the carrot.6. 方式状语从句引导词：as(就像某事正在发生)When in Rome do as the Romans do.引导词：as if、as though(就像某事发生过)，常用于表示与事实相反的假设You spend so much money as if you were a millionaire.If you were a millionaire, you would spend a lot of money.上面第一句是方式状语从句，第二句是条件状语从句（虚拟语气），差别在于，方式状语从句的主句是明确发生的状态，条件状语从句（虚拟语气）的主句是不明确发生的状态。7. 原因状语从句引导词：because、since、as从因果和语气的程度上说，because>since>as。because引导实实在在的因果关系，since引导众所周知的情况，as引导显而易见的事实。because引导的原因状语从句，放在主句之前和之后都可以，since/as引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前。He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.He must be ill, for he is absent today.for也可以表示因果关系，但for在这里构成的不是原因状语从句，而是复合句。8. 目的状语从句引导词：in order that、so thatso that不可以放在句首。目的状语从句中一般会使用情态动词，用来体现目的性。He got up early in order that he could catch the bus.引导词：for fear that、lest、in case(以防、以免)He wrote the name down lest (=for fear that) he would forget.9. 结果状语从句引导词：so that、so.that、such.thatThe temperature was low so that the lake froze.There were so many people in the room that we could not get in.He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.You know I'm telling the truth, so don't interrupt.so也有“因此是、结果是”的意思，但so在这里构成的不是结果状语从句，而是复合句。主语从句、表语从句主语从句在主句中充当主语，可以分为3类：1. 由从属连词that、whether、if引导主语从句在句首时，不能用if，只能用whether。That she survived the accident is a miracle.Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.2. 由连接代词who、whom、whose、which、what、whoever、whatever等引导Whoever breaks the law should be punished.3. 由连接副词when、where、why、how引导Where the test will be given is not yet decided.为了避免主语部分过于冗长，导致句子头重脚轻，通常使用it作为形式主语，而主语从句放在后面作为真正的主语。It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.表语从句又叫主语补语从句，在主句中充当表语，位于系动词之后。与主语从句类似，表语从句也可以用从属连词、连接代词、连接副词引导。The fact is that we have lost the game.This is what I want to tell you.The question is how he did it.reason作主语或why引导的主语从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because。The reason is that he got up late.Why he is absent is that he got up late.表语从句that is because.强调原因，that is why.强调结果。I was angry. That was because he didnt understand me.That is why she failed to pass the exam.That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.* 上面的例句为定语从句，注意与表语从句的区别。学科网（北京）股份有限公司