2022年6月大学英语四级阅读理解练习题(一).docx
2022年6月大学英语四级阅读理解练习题(一)2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.SuchgroupingsasHelpWanted,RealEstate,LostandFoundaremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader’sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising?1AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat_.classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoneyitiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersitprovidesmoreinformationforthereadersitdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype查看原文2Oneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis_housesforsalepeoplewhoareaskingforhelppeoplewhoarelostjobvacancies查看原文3Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.查看原文4Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?Theydependmoreondisplaytype.Moremoneyischargedforthem.Theyaredividedintomoregroups.Theyarelessformal.查看原文5Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.查看原文Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.6Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward_.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardstheappropriateamountofexternalrewardsthestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance查看原文7Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?Theyapproveofexternalrewards.Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards.Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.查看原文8Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.Alwayspromiserewards.Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.查看原文9Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingfailinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsdiscouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency查看原文10Whichofthefollowingfactsabouttokeneconomicsisnotcorrect?Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.查看原文第7页 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