2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析16.docx

2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析16Test16Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves。Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotestourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:Scienceneverhasalltheanswers。Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions。Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow。Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearchaclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis。Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound。1AnargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthatAtherewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath。Bthenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant。Cpeoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife。Dantismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense。查看原文2AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveasAaprotector。Bajudge。Cacritic。Daguide。查看原文3Whatdoestheauthormeanbyparalysisbyanalysis(Lastline,Paragraph4)?AEndlessstudieskillaction。BCarefulinvestigationrevealstruth。CPrudentplanninghindersprogress。DExtensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making。查看原文4Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?AOfferaidtobuildcleanerpowerplants。BRaisepublicawarenessofconservation。CPressforfurtherscientificresearch。DTakesomelegislativemeasures。查看原文5TheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecauseAtheybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence。Balessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer。Ctheoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer。Dbothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse。查看原文Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjustmentalnoisetherandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line。Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthat,theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.It’syourdream,saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit。Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleepwhenmostvividdreamsoccurasitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(theemotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement。ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’seventsuntil,itappears,webegintodream。Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep。Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingorwewakeupinapanic,Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleeporratherdreamonitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning。6ResearchershavecometobelievethatdreamsAcanbemodifiedintheircourses。Baresusceptibletoemotionalchanges。Creflectourinnermostdesiresandfears。Darearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs。查看原文7Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowAitsfunctioninourdreams。BthemechanismofREMsleep。Ctherelationofdreamstoemotions。Ditsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex。查看原文8ThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoAaggravateinourunconsciousmind。Bdevelopintohappydreams。Cpersisttillthetimewefallasleep。Dshowupindreamsearlyatnight。查看原文9CartwrightseemstosuggestthatAwakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams。Bvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol。Cdreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression。Ddreamsmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious。查看原文10WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?ALeadyourlifeasusual。BSeekprofessionalhelp。CExerciseconsciouscontrol。DAvoidanxietyinthedaytime。查看原文第8页 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