2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析4.docx

2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析4Test4Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.1Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif_.AitsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrificesBitisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpowerCitsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterialDitissharedbytherichandthefamous查看原文2Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis_.AcustomaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwordsBtoolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletoutCdishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoalDimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition查看原文3Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause_.AtheythinkofitasimmoralBtheirpursuitsarenotfameorwealthCambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefitsDtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible查看原文4Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained_.AsecretlyandvigorouslyBopenlyandenthusiasticallyCeasilyandmomentarilyDverballyandspiritually查看原文Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly。)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarketAmerica'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty。Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas。Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment,ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodasagoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates。5TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarbecause_。AithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoalBitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeCthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsDtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy查看原文6ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_。ATVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketBsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesCmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsDautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket查看原文7Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride。BIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。CTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation。DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment。查看原文8TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe_。AturningofthebusinesscycleBrestructuringofindustryCimprovedbusinessmanagementDsuccessineducation查看原文第7页 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