专业英语四级语法与词汇结构应试强化训练八十.docx

专业英语四级语法与词汇结构应试强化训练八十认真做做题目，专心看看各个讲解，从而巩固你的语法和词汇知识！以前这一章节我们为大家整理的部分专四词汇语法知识，希望可以帮到各位考生！关于usedto的意义和用法usedto(只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：Heusedtosmokealot,buthehaslonggivenupsmoking.在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’tuseto或usedn’tto均可Hedidn’tusetosmokecigarettes.Heusedn’ttosmokecigarettes.Didn’tMariausetobeinterestedinthetheatre?Usedn’tMariatobeinterestedinthetheatre?在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：UsedyoutogotothesameschoolasEdward?DidyouusetogotothesameschoolasEdward?近义词辨析use,apply,avail,employ,utilize这组词均含有使用或利用之意。use强调利用人或物作为工具。Heusedupallhisresourcesinexperimentingwiththenewpaint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。apply指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsoknowhowtoapplyittopractice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。Idon’tthinkcomplaintswillavailyoumuch.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。WeavailourselvesofeveryopportunitytospeakEnglish.我们利用一切机会讲英语。employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。Hedoesn’tknowhowtoemployhisenergyandtime.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。Shehopestoutilizeherartistictalentsinthejob.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police,people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。如：Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.4)acommittee,etc.of+复数名词如果主语是由acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.近义词辨析tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,worn-out这组词均含有疲惫的的意思。tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。Henrywassotiredthathewenttobedimmediatelyafterhegothome.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了.exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。Theexhaustedengineerfellasleeponthebus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。Hefeltfatiguedanddidn’twanttosayasingleword.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。Afteralongandwearywait,theplanefinallycametotakethemback.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。wornout这个词不太正式，多用于口语。1As,afterhisdeath,hedefeatedtheforcesofinjustice,_thepositioninartthathadbeenkeptfromhimduringhislife.A.sodidhegainB.sohegainedC.andhegainedD.andgained2Hethoughthehadlosthis_forgood.However,hefoundhispillowalreadytakenbythedogwhenheenteredtheroom.A.beautifulyellowlittledogB.yellowbeautifullittledogC.littleyellowbeautifuldogD.beautifullittleyellowdog3In1900,theplacewherehehadbeenburiedwasfinallydiscovered,markedonlyby_,withevenasimplestone.A.the61numberB.thenumber61stC.thenumber61D.a61number4MorethanayearlaterhearrivedbackinAmerica_.A.ill,tiredandunhappyB.withill,tiredandunhappyC.feltill,tiredandunhappyD.hefeltill,tiredandunhappy5Shepossessedaquickmind,asharptongueand_astrongwill.A.aboveallB.firstofallC.mostofallD.moreover6Youknowsomuchaboutliterature.It’sapityyoufailedyourdegree,Harrysaid,You_agoodteacher.A.wouldhavebeenB.canhavebeenC.mustbeD.shouldhavebeen7_scientiststhoughttheRedPlanetwasaslifelessastheMoonwithdustswirlingovervastsandydeserts.A.TobeginwithB.BeginningwithC.ItwasbegunwithD.Whilebeginningwith8Thegirlalwayssaystoherboyfriend,Idowishyou_somuch.A.haven’tsmokedB.aren’tsmokingC.didn’tsmokeD.don’tsmoke9Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts_asubstancewhichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncoldVitaminC.A.havetakenB.havebeentakingC.havebeentakenD.havebeingtaken10_canmakeanimmensecontributiontothecreationofpeaceandplentyintheworldbytakingcaretounderstandothernations.A.IandyouandalltheordinarypeopleB.YouandIandalltheordinarypeopleC.YouandalltheordinarypeopleandmeD.Alltheordinarypeopleandyouandme11Ifyoustartasajuniorbankclerk,youwillhave_responsibilitiesconnectedwiththehandlingofcheques.A.minorB.lessC.smallD.little12Thecitypostmanhastogoonfoot,notonlyalongstreets,butalsoupanddownstairs,asmany_offlatshavenoliftsandnodownstairsletterboxes.A.flightsB.rowsC.blocksD.storeys13Myfatherwasadentistinthelittletownallhislife,anditwasalwaystakenforgrantedthatIwouldtakeoverhis_whenheretired.A.practiceB.jobC.workD.post14Thesamecanbesaidoffactoryfarms,whereanimalsarekeptundervery_conditions.A.similarB.likelyC.closeD.like15Thereissomuchterrorismthatpeoplearecryingoutandaskingformorelawand_.A.securityB.orderC.safetyD.protection16Colorblindpeoplehavedifficulty_betweenblueandgreen.A.separatingB.comparingC.contrastingD.distinguishing17Hefelt_assoonasherealizedthathehasaskedafoolishquestion.A.boredB.embarrassedC.displeasedD.disappointed18Thecitywas_tome,andIdidnotknowwheretogo.A.strangeB.oddC.uniqueD.curious19I’minno_thiseveningtolistentohissillyjokes.A.feelingB.emotionC.moodD.tendency20Thefirst,secondandthirdprizeswenttoBob,JackandHenry_.A.differentlyB.separatelyC.respectivelyD.equally21Thesegoodsdonotcomeuptothe_.A.markB.signC.tokenD.signal22Weexpressourthoughtsby_ofwords.A.methodB.wayC.mannerD.means23Ihopeyouwillbe_infutureaboutthethingsyousay.A.carefulB.attentiveC.cautiousD.precautious24Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerhisquestions.Youmaybe_intogivingawayvitalinformation.A.caughtB.capturedC.seizedD.trapped25Whenoperatingamachine,wemustuse_.A.warningB.cautionC.adviceD.counsel第10页 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