2022年考研英语精选练习题 9（3）.docx

2022年考研英语精选练习题 9（3）阅读理解单项选择题Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.ButevenifyouacceptFiredman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasasignalthatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffusehaloeffect,wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms’politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabourorincreasingcorporagivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbridingforeignofficials,saysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffectratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.1TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwithA.toleranceB.skepticismC.uncertaintyD.approval查看原文2AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanybyA.winningtrustfromconsumers.B.guardingitagainstmalpractices.C.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.D.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.查看原文3Theexpressionmorelenient’(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningtoA.moreeffectiveB.lesscontroversialC.lesssevereD.morelasting查看原文4Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSRrecordA.hasanimpactontheirdecision.B.comesacrossasreliableevidence.C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.D.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.查看原文5WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.B.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown.C.Companies’financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.D.Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.查看原文Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeoftheunsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.Butit'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions-norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.6Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,ElisabethwasupsetbyA.theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.B.companies'financiallossduetoimmoralpracticesC.governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.D.thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.查看原文7ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatA.GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.B.morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.C.AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.D.phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.查看原文8TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks'sdefenseA.revealedacunningpersonality.B.centeredontrivialissues.C.washardlyconvincing.D.waspartofaconspiracy.查看原文9TheauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshowsA.generallydistortedvalues.B.unfairwealthdistribution.C.amarginalizedlifestyle.D.arigidmoralcode.查看原文10.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.B.Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.C.Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.D.Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.查看原文第8页 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