专业英语四级语法与词汇精讲精练（11）.docx

专业英语四级语法与词汇精讲精练（11）在专业英语四级考试中，词汇语法这一题目主要考察考生对专业四级词汇的积累和常用语法知识的应用；为此，我们网站将常考语法知识点和高频词汇分类整理出来；同时附有大量的习题演练及其答案详解希望可以帮助大家加深记忆和理解；语法知识点情态动词注意情态动词完成式的用法有两方面的含义：1.表示已经发生的情况(1)musthave+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为(昨天)一定。如：MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:Areyoufeelingallright?(2)can’t/couldn’thave+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为(昨天)一定没。如：Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.(3)may/mighthave+过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为也许。如：AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRiverplant,apotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician.2.表示虚拟语气(1)needn’thave+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，译为其实没必要。如：Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,weneedn’thavedressedupsoformally.(2)should/shouldnothave+过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，或本不应该做但实际上做了,译为本(不)应该。如：Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully.(3)oughttohave+过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为该，与should的完成式含义类似。如：Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock,whichwentupinsmoke.(4)couldhave+过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为完全可以。如：Whatyousaidisright,butyoucouldhavephraseditmoretactfully.(5)may/mighthave+过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为(那样)也许会。如：Itmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurtherassistfirst-timeofficeautomationmanagers.3.几个情态动词常考的句型(1)may/might(just)aswell不妨，最好，与hadbetter相近。如：Sincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgobytrain.(2)cannot/can’ttoo越越好，怎么也不过分。注意这个句型的变体cannotover。如：Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.Thefinalchaptercoversorganizationalchangeanddevelopment.Thissubjectcannotbeoveremphasized.(3)usedn’t或didn’tuseto为usedto(do)的否定式。(4)should除了应该一层意思外，大纲还规定要掌握其竟然的意思。如：Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavebehavedlikethat.高频词汇1.becertainof(=besureof)有把握,一定a)Wearecertainofvictory.我们一定会获得胜利。2.forcertain(=forsure)肯定地,有把握地a)Somesoilsareactuallytooalkalineforcertainplantlife.3.bychance(=accidentally,byaccident)偶然a)Theymetbychanceonaplane.b)他们在飞机上不期而遇4.forachange换换环境(花样等)a)ateearlyforachange.变化一下提早吃饭5.inchargeof(=responsiblefor)负责(某事)a)Who'sinChargeofthisNetwork?6.takechargeof(beresponsiblefor)负责管理(照顾)a)Sheistheyoungestmanagerwhotakeschargeoftheoverseasbusinessinthecompany.她是这个公司里负责海外业务最年轻的经理。7.chargefor因索取(费用),chargesbwithsth控告某人犯有a)Chargestendollarsforahaircut.8.roundtheclock(=alldayandallnight,usuallywithoutstopping)昼夜不停地a)Tmentonsth评论a)Everyonecommentedonhernewhat.b)大家都在评论她的新帽子。c)Hecommentedonthebadroad.d)他评论这条糟糕的路。mitoneselfto致力于a)IcommitmyselftostriveforgradesofCorbetterinallmyhighschoolclassesandtobenefitfullyfromtheclassesofferedduringthesummerprogram.1_allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisabasicassumptionofsocialscientists.A)NearlyB)ThatnearlyC)ItisnearlyD)Whennearly2Oncloudynightsitisnotpossibletoseethestarswith_eye.A)nakedB)bareC)fleshD)pure3Duringthestormwetook_inthedoorwayofashop.A)rescueB)shelterC)shieldD)proof4Theship’scaptainandmembersofthe_welcomedusonboard.A)staffB)crewC)teamD)chain5Atthefirst_oftwelveeveryonestoppedforlunch.A)soundB)strokeC)momentD)minute6Themapwasdrawntothestandard_of1/100,000sotherewasnotmuchdetail.A)baseB)lineC)rateD)scale7Herskirthadbeenso_inpackingthatshehadtoironitbeforegoingout.A)crushedB)tornC)dirtyD)untidy8Wearetaking_acollectiontobuyflowersforJohnbecauseheisinthehospital.A)toB)upC)overD)off9It’snotwhatshesaysthatbothersme.It’sthereasonshesaysit.You’vegottoread_thelineswithher.A)amongB)amongstC)betweenD)through10Imistookyou_yourbrother.A)forB)asC)tobeD)by11Iameasilyhurtbecausemyfeelingsarevery_.A)sensibleB)sensationalC)sensitiveD)sentimental12Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,_killedhimseveralyearsago.A)theeffectsofwhichB)theeffectsofitC)finallyD)that13Whatyouhavedoneis_thedoctor’sorders.A)attachedtoB)responsibletoC)resistanttoD)contraryto14Youcan’tseethroughatelescopeunlessitis_correctlytoyoursight.A)adaptedB)adoptedC)adjustedD)accustomed15Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof_.A)crisisB)urgencyC)emergencyD)emergence16_nothingmoretodiscuss,thesecretary-generalgottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.A)TherewasB)BeingC)TherebeingD)Astherebeing17I_youthatthemachinewillarrivenextweek.A)insistB)confirmC)assureD)undertake18Manynew_willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.A)opportunitiesB)necessitiesC)probabilitiesD)realities19Hisdiscoverycounts_nothingthoughhetriedveryhard.A)onB)forC)inD)up20Hehasneverfelthimselfsopowerfully_tothescientificideal.A)interestedB)absorbedC)confidentD)attracted21Ifyoudon’tputthefoodintherefrigerator,itmaygo_.A)offB)overC)wrongD)out22Ifthisuniversity_suchagoodreputation,Iwouldnothavecomehere.A)didn’thaveB)hadn’thadC)doesn’thaveD)hasn’thad23Heagreedwiththeplanin_,butthoughtthatinpracticeitwouldnotwork.A)attitudeB)approachC)viewpointD)principle24Ifonlywe_thenthediseasewascurable.A)knewB)couldknowC)hadknownD)wouldhaveknown25Theweatherishighly_atthistimeoftheyearanditishardtoknowwhattowear.A)variousB)variantC)variableD)varied26Ourcompanydecidedto_thecontractbecauseanumberoftheconditionsinithadnotbeenmet.A)destroyB)refuseC)assumeD)cancel27EminentphysicistsfromallovertheworldcametotheU.S.to_thecentennial（一百周年）ofA.Einstein’sbirth.A)congratulateB)applaudC)celebrateD)participate28Notuntilmidnight_himinthehotel.A)wefoundB)wedidfindC)foundweD)didwefind29Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn’t_whatcoloritwas.A)makeoutB)looktoC)lookoutD)takein30Highintheskya_ofbirdswasflyingsouthward.A)swarmB)flockC)crowdD)herd第12页 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