2015中考英语语法专题复习定语从句.ppt

I like the pen.Which pen? redI like the pen. ( which one ?)The pen cost me 10 yuan.I like cost me 10 yuan. which 先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词关系代词就是用来代替先行词的关系代词就是用来代替先行词的 the pen = whichThe penthe pen.概念：概念：在复合句中，在复合句中，充当定语的句子充当定语的句子叫定叫定语从句。语从句。什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？Iook at I took on my trip.the photosthe photos.whichLook at the photos which I took on my trip.Attributive clause关系代词关系代词which为引导词，在从句中代替为引导词，在从句中代替photos先行词先行词 that that先行词先行词：是：是被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词,通通 常是名词或代词常是名词或代词。 关系词关系词： 是是引导引导定语从句的词定语从句的词，在从，在从句中替代先行词。句中替代先行词。注意注意: 从句必须从句必须紧跟紧跟在先行词后。在先行词后。My dad has a friend that is good at English.Attributive clause关系代词关系代词that为引导词，在从句中代替为引导词，在从句中代替friend.先行词先行词which 可代替可代替物物that 可代替可代替人人（有生命的事物）或或物物that和which用法小结1.I cant find the letter. The letter came this morning. 2.Please give me the book. The book is about travel.3.This is the bag. My mother bought it last week.4. The house is made of wood. Jack built the house. This is the bag which my mother bought last week.I cant find the letter which came this morning.Please give me the book which is about travel.The house which Jack built is made of wood. Exercise: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略 / /thatthatthatthat1.The boy is called Tom. The boy broke the window. The boy that broke the window is called Tom.2.Mr. Li is the person. You talked with the person on the bus. Mr. Liu is the person that you talked with on the bus. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略 /Do you know the girl?(which girl?)1.The girl is running on the grass.2. The girl likes singing very much.1.Do you know is running on the grass. 2.Do you know likes singing very much. who whothe girl The girlthe girlThe girl? He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man I told you about . The woman is a teacher. We saw the woman in the park just now.The woman is a teacher. whoWe saw in the park just now whomthe woman whowhomhim.指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhomSummary 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句的用法关系代词在从句的用法何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略 The boy _ is standing under the tree is my friend Tom.He lives in a house _ stands on a hill. That little girl_ Tom often helps is his sister Mary. The bird _ is singing in the cage is Toms too. Bob is his dog _ Tom and Maryoften play with. The dog is great. Yesterday he caught a thief _ was running away. that who whom which / that who that which that which that / who that1.Last night I saw a very good film _ was about the youth.2.The student _ you want to see has come back.3.I like Judy and her house_ are very beautiful. whichwho/whom thatI want s window faces the sea.Eg:我看见一些叶子是黄色的树。I saw some trees _leaves were yellow.护士就是以照看病人为工作的人。A nurse is a person _ job is to take care of the patient in the hospital.a roomThe room. whosewhosewhose关系副词When 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语I still remember the year when you graduated from 8 Middle School.Why表示原因，在定从中作原因状语，先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。I dont know the reason why he was sick.Where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the school where I studied three years ago.I like I lived 2 years ago.I like the house in which I lived 2 years ago.I like the house where I lived 2 years ago.My birthday is a time _I get lots of presents.the house.the housein which wherewhen修饰修饰对象对象时间时间地点地点原因原因关系关系副词副词先行词和关系副词的搭配先行词和关系副词的搭配when= in/onwhichwhere = in/on/whichwhy = for which 难点难点(1)：区分：区分who, whom1. The man _ talked to you just now is a worker. 2. The foreigner _ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.3. Id like to see the boy _ you talked about .4. The girl _ we saw yesterday is Johns sister.whowhowhomwhom难点难点(2):关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作宾语宾语时时 可可省略省略，作主语则不可。，作主语则不可。1. Did you read the book _ I lend to you ? A. whose B. / C. who D. what2. Did you read the book _was popular at the moment. A. that B. / C. who D. what BA难点难点(3):介词前置介词前置： 1、介词前置时不可用、介词前置时不可用that 代替。代替。 2、词组不可前置、词组不可前置1. This is the dictionary _ I paid ten dollars.A. which B. / C. who D. for which2. I saw a woman _ I talked yesterday.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. whose3. This is the farm _ I once worked .A. in which B. on which C. at which D. which 4.Is this book _you are _?A. for which, looking B. for that , looking C. which , looking for D. which ,looking DCBC特特殊殊情情况况指物物时只能用that的情况1.先行词为_等不定代词时2.先行词被_修饰时3.先行词被_修饰时4.先行词被_修饰时5.先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时指人人时只能用that的情况1.2.不不能用that的情况1.2.everything , all ,little, muchall, every, no , any, some, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last序数词或形容词最高级先行词有人又有物有人又有物时当主句是以以who或或which开头的特殊问句时介词前置介词前置时非限制性非限制性定语从句难点难点(4):特殊情况特殊情况1. Tom told his father everything_ had happened. A. that B. which C. D. what 2. Finally ,the thief handed all money _ he had stolen to the police . A. which B. whose C. that D. what 3. This is the last time _ Ill teach you . A. which B. that C. when D. on which 4. The film I saw a few days ago is the best one _ Ill ever seen . A. which B. what C. that D. on which ACBC5. There is a book _you have read . A.that B. which C. what D. who6. It is a book _is very interesting. A. who B. which C. / D. that7. Who is the girl _ is singing at the party. A. who B. whom C. that D. which8. They visited the workers and factories _ they had known about . A. which B. who C. whom D. that ADCD限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。 She has found the nacklace（that）she lost two weeks ago, 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明（注：通常和主句间用逗号隔开，不受主句句子结构的影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立） 例：My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.