语法填空之考点分析.ppt

高考英语语法填空考点解析考点1: 冠词真题再练真题再练在空白处填入适当的内容在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词个单词)。1. (2015卷卷II62) The adobe dwellings (土坯房土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern architects and engineers.由其后面的由其后面的“most modern”可知，这里是可知，这里是最高级，其前面通常用最高级，其前面通常用the。 the2. (2014卷卷I63) Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 在形容词最高级在形容词最高级(most outstanding)前，一般前，一般要用要用the。 the3. (2014样卷样卷8) Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of _ fridge?指说话人和听话人心目中都知道的指说话人和听话人心目中都知道的“那个那个”冰箱，故填冰箱，故填the。 the思路点拨思路点拨 当纯空格在没有限定词的名词前，特别当纯空格在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常是填冠词，根据语是单数可数名词前，通常是填冠词，根据语境及定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当境及定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当的冠词。的冠词。(注：限定词主要是指冠词、形容注：限定词主要是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，以及词性物主代词，以及some, any, another等不等不定代词定代词) 此外，这种情况下，也有可能要求考生此外，这种情况下，也有可能要求考生填填some, any, other, another等不定代词。等不定代词。考点归纳考点归纳定冠词的主要用法定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法1 表示特指，相当于表示特指，相当于this，these，that，those表示泛指的表示泛指的“一个一个/本本/支支/座座/”2 谈话双方都知道的人谈话双方都知道的人或事或事表示表示“任一任一”：A desk has four legs.桌子有四条桌子有四条腿。腿。3 序数词或最高级前序数词或最高级前: the first time第一次第一次表示数量表示数量“一一”：He has been here for a year.定冠词的主要用法定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法4 世界上独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的事物名词前名词前:the earth地球地球表示表示“每一每一”： twice a week一周两次一周两次5 西洋乐器名称前：西洋乐器名称前：play the piano弹钢琴弹钢琴表示表示“又又/再一再一”：Hell have to do it a second time.6 由普通名词构成的专有由普通名词构成的专有名词前：名词前：the West Lake西湖西湖表示表示“同一同一”：Tom and Kate are of an age.定冠词的主要用法定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法7 用于姓氏复数名词前：用于姓氏复数名词前：the Smiths史密斯夫妇史密斯夫妇表示表示“某一某一”“”“有有一一”： a Mr. Brown 有一位叫布朗的先生有一位叫布朗的先生8 表示表示“几十年代几十年代”：in the thirties在在30年代年代用于动作名词前：用于动作名词前：have a wash洗一洗洗一洗9 用于某些形容词前表示用于某些形容词前表示一类人：一类人：the rich富人富人使抽象名词具体化：使抽象名词具体化：a success一位成功的人一位成功的人定冠词的主要用法定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法不定冠词的主要用法10 在在“打、抓、拍打、抓、拍”的的部位名词前：部位名词前：hit him in the face表示表示“一杯一杯”(tea, coffee前前)：a coffee一杯一杯咖啡咖啡11用于度量单位前：用于度量单位前：He is paid by the hour (按小时按小时).在在most前表示前表示“非常非常”：a most interesting film12 用于某些固定词组或用于某些固定词组或短语中：短语中：by the way用于某些固定词组或短用于某些固定词组或短语中：语中：as a result结果结果考点练透考点练透在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个个单词单词)并说明理由。并说明理由。1. (2015广东卷广东卷) Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _ farm which looked almost abandoned.指拥有指拥有“一个一个”农场。农场。a2. (2014广东卷广东卷) She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor. 特指特指“在顶楼在顶楼” (on the top floor)。3. (2013广东卷广东卷) In the beginning, there was only _very small amount of unfairness in the world因因a small amount of (很少量的很少量的)是固定词组，故填是固定词组，故填a。另外，。另外，a large amount of意为意为“大量的大量的”，其，其后通常都是接不可数名词。后通常都是接不可数名词。thea4. (2012广东卷广东卷) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him He walked in For some reason he sat beside Mary. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.特指最后的那一排，用定冠词。特指最后的那一排，用定冠词。the5. (2011广东卷广东卷) I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation.因为因为have a conversation 相当于相当于have a talk，是固定短语，意为，是固定短语，意为“谈话谈话”。amazing以元音音素开头，故其前用以元音音素开头，故其前用an。an6. (2010广东卷广东卷) A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet. 特指前面提到的特指前面提到的clear water，相当于，相当于“这这”种清泉种清泉, 故填故填The。The7. (2009广东卷广东卷) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet. 句中句中experience意为意为“经历经历”，是可数名，是可数名词词;由冒号之后的内容可知，一年的这个由冒号之后的内容可知，一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历，表示时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历，表示“一次一次”用不定冠词，故填用不定冠词，故填a。a8. (2007广东卷广东卷) the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.指将车拉到离那里大约有指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的公里远的“一个一个小镇小镇”去修去修, 表示表示“一个一个”用不定冠词，用不定冠词，small以辅音音素开头，故填以辅音音素开头，故填a。a9. So bright was _ moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 因因moon是世界上独一无二的事物，其前用是世界上独一无二的事物，其前用the。10. Argentina is _ second biggest nation in Latin America.在表示顺序的序数词前，要用在表示顺序的序数词前，要用the。thethe11. As we all know, its one of _ nicest parks in the country. 最高级前要用最高级前要用the。12. This is _ third time that Ive read the book.序数词前用定冠词序数词前用定冠词the。thethe13. _ Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.由普通名词构成的专有名词前一般要加由普通名词构成的专有名词前一般要加the。又如：又如：the Childrens Palace(少年宫少年宫)。14. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. 表示整个类属，要用定冠词表示整个类属，要用定冠词the。又如，。又如，The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎面老虎面临绝种的危险。临绝种的危险。Thethe15. Alice likes playing _ violin while Henry is interested in listening to music.表示演奏西洋乐器表示演奏西洋乐器, 乐器名称前习惯上用乐器名称前习惯上用the。16. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by _ hour.在计量单位名词前用在计量单位名词前用the，表示，表示“按按付付/租租/卖卖”，这里是，这里是“按小时付款按小时付款”。thethe17. The higher we go above the earth, _ rarer the air is. 表示表示“越越就越就越”用用the+比较比较级级the+比较级。比较级。 18. Im sure that zero-emission vehicles may take _ place of todays cars in the near future.因因take the place of (代替代替)是固定词组。是固定词组。thethe19. Its no trouble at all; on _ contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you.因因on the contrary (恰恰相反，与此相反恰恰相反，与此相反)是是固定词组。固定词组。20. She planned to go to France to study French, but that is out of _ question now.因因out of the question(不可能的不可能的)是固定词组。是固定词组。比较：比较：out of question (毫无疑问，没问题毫无疑问，没问题)。记忆方法：没有记忆方法：没有the就没有问题。就没有问题。thethe考点2: 介词真题再练真题再练在空白处填入适当的内容在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词个单词)。1. (2015卷卷I66) For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的“乘；坐乘；坐”用介词用介词by。又如：。又如：by boat/ bus/ car/ plane 乘船乘船/公共汽车公共汽车/小汽车小汽车/飞机，飞机，by air/ land/sea 航空航空/陆路陆路/航海。航海。by2. (2015卷卷II67) _ the same time, they warm up again for the night.因因at the same time(同时同时)是固定词组。是固定词组。At3. (2014卷卷II44) When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 因名词因名词the window在句中不作主语、表语，在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；的宾语；next to意为意为“在在的旁边的旁边;挨挨着着”, 故填故填to。to思路点拨思路点拨 当空格后的名词当空格后的名词( (一般前有限定词一般前有限定词) )、代词或、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。 具体填什么介词具体填什么介词, ,可能是由介词与该名词的搭可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定配及其意义来决定, ,也可能是由动词或形容词与介也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。词的句式搭配来决定。考点归纳考点归纳从以上已考的三个小题来看，从以上已考的三个小题来看，by car, at the same time, next to都是习惯搭配或固定都是习惯搭配或固定词组。因此，对短语中的介词需高度重视。词组。因此，对短语中的介词需高度重视。填入适当的介词，完成下列词组或短语。填入适当的介词，完成下列词组或短语。1. _ nine oclock在在9点钟点钟2. _ Christmas在圣诞节在圣诞节3. _ noon/night在中午在中午/晚上晚上4. _ dawn /dusk在黎明在黎明/黄昏黄昏5. _ the moment此刻此刻6. _ Sunday (morning)在周日在周日(早上早上)7. _ July 1st 在在7月月1日日表示时间的介词表示时间的介词(2226除外除外)atatat atatonon8. _ the following day在第二天在第二天9. _ a clear night在一个晴朗的夜晚在一个晴朗的夜晚10. _ August 在在8月月11. _ 2015 在在2015年年12. _ the night of August 1st 2015在在 2015年年8月月1日晚上日晚上13. _ one time曾经，一度曾经，一度onon inin onat14. _ the age of 6在六岁时在六岁时15. _ the end of 在在的尽头的尽头16. _ the same time同时同时17. _ times (=sometimes)有时有时18. _ once (=immediately)立刻立刻19. _ present现在，目前现在，目前20. _ first在开始时在开始时at atatatat atat21. _ last最后，终于最后，终于22. _ table在进餐在进餐23. _ work在工作在工作24. _ school在上学在上学25. _ least至少，起码至少，起码26. _ most最多，至多最多，至多atatatatatat27.account _ your absence说明你缺席的说明你缺席的 原因原因28.apply _ the post申请这个职位申请这个职位29.approve _ your choice同意你的选择同意你的选择30.ask _ sick leave请病假请病假31.belong _ me属于我的，是我的属于我的，是我的动词动词+ +介词介词 forfor of forto32.believe _ God信仰上帝信仰上帝e _ London来自伦敦来自伦敦e _ an old friend碰见一位老朋碰见一位老朋 友友35.depend _ our parents依靠我们的父母依靠我们的父母36.deal _ an awkward situation处理尴处理尴 尬的局面尬的局面37.concentrate _ my studies全神贯注于全神贯注于 学习学习infromacross onwithon38.head _ the door向门口走去向门口走去39.hunt _ a lost book 寻找一本丢失的书寻找一本丢失的书40.learn _ ones mistakes 从错误中学习从错误中学习41.look _ the problem调查这个问题调查这个问题42.look _ the children照顾这些孩子照顾这些孩子43.look _ a job找工作找工作forforfromintoafter for44.lead _ an accident导致事故导致事故45.live _ ones salary靠工资生活靠工资生活46.operate _ her给她动手术给她动手术47.meet _ misfortune遇到不幸遇到不幸48.pay _ the book给这本书付款给这本书付款49.prepare _ the exam为考试作准备为考试作准备toononwithforfor50. refer _ a dictionary查词典查词典51. run _ a handsome boy追求帅哥追求帅哥52. send _ a doctor请医生来请医生来53. search _ the missing child寻找丢失寻找丢失 的孩子的孩子54. set _ solving the problem着手解着手解 决问题决问题 toafterforforabout55.suffer _ headache患头痛病患头痛病56.US stands _ the United States US代代 表美国表美国57.serve _ a gardener做园艺工人做园艺工人58.stick _ the rules坚持按规矩办事坚持按规矩办事59.worry _ personal gain计较个人得失计较个人得失60.wait _ the opportunity 等待机会等待机会 for fromfor astoabout61.break away _ a habit改掉习惯改掉习惯62.get along well _ him与他相处很好与他相处很好63.catch up _ him赶上他赶上他64.put up _ his cruelty忍受他的虐待忍受他的虐待65.go on _ his story继续讲他的故事继续讲他的故事66.look forward _ seeing you盼望见到你盼望见到你67.get close _ nature接近大自然接近大自然动词动词+ +副词副词+ +介词介词fromwithwithwith withtoto68. pay a visit _ the seaside去海滨游玩去海滨游玩69. go in _ sports爱好运动爱好运动70. look out _ pickpockets小心扒手小心扒手71. look around _ a room四处寻找房子四处寻找房子72. look down _ him瞧不起他瞧不起他73. think highly _ his works对他的作品对他的作品 评价很高评价很高of to for forforupon74.pay attention _ your spelling注意你注意你的拼写的拼写75.take care _ his elderly parents照顾他照顾他年迈的父母年迈的父母76.take advantage _ the Internet利用互利用互联网联网动词动词+ +名词名词+ +介词介词toofof77.make use _ reference books利用参利用参考书考书78.make fun _ Mr. Smith嘲笑史密斯嘲笑史密斯先生先生79.have trust _ his judgment信任他的信任他的判断判断ofofin80.have difficulty _grammar语法方面语法方面 有困难有困难81.shake hands _ us同我们握手同我们握手82.catch sight _a car一眼瞥见一辆汽车一眼瞥见一辆汽车83.get rid _ carelessness克服粗枝大叶克服粗枝大叶84.take part _ a discussion参加讨论参加讨论withwithofof in85. take pride _ her success为她的成为她的成 功感到骄傲功感到骄傲86. play a part _在在方面起作用方面起作用87. show an interest _ science对理科对理科 感兴趣感兴趣in inin88.have a talent _ singing有唱歌的天赋有唱歌的天赋89.have a gift _ music有音乐的天赋有音乐的天赋90.have an effect _ her life对她的生活对她的生活 有影响有影响forforon91.keep an eye _ that fellow留意留意 那个家伙那个家伙92.play a joke _ his colleagues开开 他的同事的玩笑他的同事的玩笑93.play a trick _ him捉弄他捉弄他 on onon94.adapt oneself _ the new surroundings适应新环境适应新环境95.accustom oneself _ this lifestyle适适 应这种生活方式应这种生活方式96.devote oneself _ singing沉溺于唱歌沉溺于唱歌97.apply oneself _ learning English致致 力于学习英语力于学习英语动词动词+oneself+介词介词 (=be V-ed +介词介词) totototo98.addict oneself _ drinking沉湎于饮酒沉湎于饮酒99.abandon oneself _ sorrow沉溺于忧伤沉溺于忧伤 之中之中100.bury oneself _ the books埋头于读书埋头于读书101.busy oneself _ the housework忙于家忙于家 务务withto to in102.be good _善于善于103.be curious _对对好奇好奇104.be busy _ sth.忙于某事忙于某事105.be content _对对满意满意106.be satisfied _对对满意满意107.be popular _ sb.受某人的欢迎受某人的欢迎be+形容词形容词+介词介词ataboutwithwith with with108.be patient _ sb.对某人有耐心对某人有耐心109.be familiar _熟悉熟悉110.be angry _对对生气生气111.be tired _(=be fed up with) 对对厌倦厌倦112.be tired _因因感到疲劳感到疲劳113.be aware _知道，意识到知道，意识到withwithwithoffrom of114.be fond _ 喜欢，爱好喜欢，爱好115.be proud _以以自豪自豪116.be afraid _害怕害怕117.be full _充满充满118.be accustomed _习惯于习惯于119.be used _习惯于习惯于120.be related _与与有关有关of ofofoftoto to121.be equal _ 等于，能胜任等于，能胜任122.be absent _缺席，未到场缺席，未到场123.be different _与与不同不同124.be absorbed _专心于专心于125.be interested _对对感兴趣感兴趣126.be rich _富含富含 tofromfrom inin in127.be late _ 迟到迟到128.be fit _适合适合129.be similar _与与类似类似130.be surprised _对对感到惊讶感到惊讶131.be strict _ sb.对某人要求严格对某人要求严格132.be ashamed _对对感到惭愧感到惭愧of forfor toatwith考点练透考点练透在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个个单词单词)并说明理由。并说明理由。1. (2015广东卷广东卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _ other food 表示交换用介词表示交换用介词for。且。且exchange A for B (用用A换取换取B)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。 for2. (2015广东卷广东卷) While making great efforts to run away, the cow fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ the cow. 既然母牛死了，这家人就是在既然母牛死了，这家人就是在“没有没有”母母牛的情况下谋生了。牛的情况下谋生了。 without3. (2014广东卷广东卷) I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation. 因因chargefor (为为收费收费)是习惯是习惯搭配，故填搭配，故填for。for4. (2013广东卷广东卷) The only reason a man would sell salt _a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.表示表示“以某种价格以某种价格”, 用介词用介词at。at a lower price意为意为“以低价以低价”。另外。另外, 句中句中be desperate for意为意为“极需极需”。at5. (2013广东卷广东卷) And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.因因show respect for sb./sth. (尊重尊重)是固定短语，是固定短语，故填故填for。6. (2012广东卷广东卷) The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and表示某个动词或状态延续了多久表示某个动词或状态延续了多久, 用用“for +时时间段间段”。forfor7. (2011广东卷广东卷) I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _ his own either.因因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配是固定搭配, 所以填所以填on。 on8. (2010广东卷广东卷) His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _ a happy heart.此处指这个年轻人此处指这个年轻人“带着带着”愉快的心情回家。愉快的心情回家。表示表示“带着带着”用用with，介词短语，介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语，修饰谓语作伴随状语，修饰谓语went home。with9. (2009广东卷广东卷) She found some good quality pipes _ sale.因表示因表示“出售出售”的的on sale是固定搭配是固定搭配, 故填故填on。10. (2009广东卷广东卷) When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.因因at table表示表示“在餐桌边；在进餐在餐桌边；在进餐”，是习，是习惯搭配。惯搭配。onat11. (2008广东卷广东卷) Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.指指“在中国的这些谚语的背后在中国的这些谚语的背后/里面里面”常常有常常有有趣的故事，故填介词有趣的故事，故填介词Behind或或In。注意，。注意，在句首，要大写首字母。在句首，要大写首字母。Behind/In12. (2008广东卷广东卷) He was very tired _ _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. 因因 “他感到很累他感到很累”应是应是“在他做了一整天在他做了一整天事之后事之后”, 表示表示“在在之后之后”用介词用介词after; 另外另外be tired from doing(因做某事而因做某事而累累) 是固定搭配，故也可填是固定搭配，故也可填from。 fromafter/13. (2007广东卷广东卷) I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.由句意由句意“把我当作客人来接待把我当作客人来接待(receive sb. as)” 可知填介词可知填介词as。as14. (2007广东卷广东卷) When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her. 表示表示“因因而酬谢而酬谢 / 报答某人报答某人”是是reward sb. for sth.，故填，故填for。15. School life has a great influence _ the formation of a childs character.因因have a great influence on(对对有巨大影有巨大影响响)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。 foron16. She made helpful comments _ my work.因因make comments on (对对的评论的评论)是固是固定搭配。定搭配。17. Poor health may be a barrier _ success. 因因barrier to (的障碍的障碍)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。toon18. You need a password to get access _ the computer system. 因因get access to(可以使用可以使用)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。19. They united to find a solution _ their problem.因因solution to (的解决办法的解决办法)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。toto20. I dont know the answer _ that question. 因因the answer to (的答案的答案)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。toto考点3: 连词真题再练真题再练在空白处填入适当的内容（在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）。个单词）。1. (2014卷卷I64) But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months. It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. 在否定句中起并列作用，用在否定句中起并列作用，用or。or2. (2014卷卷II42) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. 前后是两个句子，应填连词；不缺句子成前后是两个句子，应填连词；不缺句子成分，意义完整，再根据两句意义之间的逻分，意义完整，再根据两句意义之间的逻辑性判断，是并列关系，故填辑性判断，是并列关系，故填and。 and3. (2015卷卷I64) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是是mountain tops and dark waters。 which/that4. (2015卷卷II70) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe wa