情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt

情态动词的用法用法用法例句例句can和和could He can speak English better than you.You can have the book when I have finished it.Could you come again tomorrow?Accidents can happen on such rainy days.How can this green bike be Liu Dongs? 表示能力表示能力表示请求表示请求或允诺或允诺客观可能性客观可能性(有时候会有时候会）表示猜测（惊表示猜测（惊讶、怀疑、不讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）相信的态度）may和和might He may come if he likes. May I come in?May you great success . must She must come and look after the child. Must we finish the work tomorrow? No, you neednt (dont have to).You mustnt touch the fire. Why must you come at weekends?请求和允许请求和允许祝福祝福必须必须mustnt禁止；禁止；neednt/dont have to 表表示示“不必不必”偏偏偏偏WillwouldI have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 表示意志决心表示意志决心疑问句疑问句,第二人称，第二人称，说话人向对方提出说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的请求或询问对方的意愿意愿一种习惯性的动作，一种习惯性的动作，含有含有“总是总是”或或“会要会要”之意之意shallHe shall go first, whether he wants to or not. Shall I open the door? 用于第二、三人称，表示用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、说话人给对方命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺强制、威胁或允诺表示说话人征询对方意见表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示或请求指示shouldYou should learn from each other. If it should break down, we would repair it at our cost.Im amazed that Mr. Harris should have said nothing about the matter.表示表示“建议建议”或或“劝告劝告”，有，有“应该应该”之意之意万一万一惊奇、惊喜、怀疑（竟然）惊奇、惊喜、怀疑（竟然）have to表示必须，是一种表示必须，是一种客观需要客观需要I had to give it up because of illness. ought to表示根据某种义务表示根据某种义务或必要或必要“应当应当”做做某事某事 Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. dare常用于否定句，疑常用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中问句和条件从句中Dared he break the traffic regulations again？在疑问句或否定句在疑问句或否定句中，可接带中，可接带to或不或不带带to的不定式的不定式She doesnt dare (to) stay at home alone at night. need常用于否定句和疑常用于否定句和疑问句中问句中He neednt worry about us now. 判断正误判断正误: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.need 的被动含义：的被动含义：need，want, require, worth (adj.)后面接后面接doing 也也可表示被动可表示被动, need doing =need to be done考点一：情感态度的重要用法考点一：情感态度的重要用法1、cancant but do sth./cant help/choose but do sth.意为意为“不得不做某事，只好做某事不得不做某事，只好做某事”。 cant(never等否定词等否定词)与与enough连用，表示连用，表示“再再也不为过也不为过”，相当于，相当于“cant.too.”。情态动词情态动词can和和could可以表示能力；可以表示能力；be able to do强调设法成功完成某一具体动作强调设法成功完成某一具体动作(相当于相当于manage to do/succeed in doing)。2、may/mightmay well + 动词原形，表示动词原形，表示“完全能，很可能完全能，很可能”，相当于相当于be likely to do sth.。may as well + 动词原形，表示动词原形，表示“最好最好, 倒不如倒不如”。may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed. 3、must表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦，意为表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦，意为“偏要，非得偏要，非得”。4、Should 表示吃惊，惊讶；万一表示吃惊，惊讶；万一If you smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. mayThe fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. couldThis printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. mightLizawell not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may 5、表示请求、允诺，意愿的情态动词、表示请求、允诺，意愿的情态动词(1) Shall I ? May/Can I/we.? Shall he/she/they.?Would/Will you.?(2)could/might/回答时不用回答时不用could/might，用，用may/can;否定回答否定回答cant/mustnt。Could/May I use your bicycle tomorrow morning?Yes, you can/may.Shall he come to see you?Of course, please. And Id rather he told me the truth. Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall _ I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. NeedWhen I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. Amight Bmust Cshould Dwould He is at home. (事实事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）（非常肯定的推断） He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许（或许, 非常不确定）非常不确定） He might not be at home.（也许不在家）（也许不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事实）（事实）不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列层次排列程度可按下列层次排列考点二：考查情态动词表示推测的用法考点二：考查情态动词表示推测的用法1、should (ought to)表示推测When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12：00. Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed重点和难点重点和难点2、表示、表示“可能可能”：不可能不可能 可能不可能不可能吗可能吗 主观推测可能主观推测可能客观可能性客观可能性cant, couldntmay not, might notcan? could ?could, may, mightcanSorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.might B. should C. can D. willPeterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shallB.should C.can D.mustYoube hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt I cant leave. She told me that I _stay here until she came back.A. can B. must C. will D. may u Choose the best answers :1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. would D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box, for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can5. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A. who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be6. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see7. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed D. would have changed3、表示、表示“本本”：形式形式含义含义例句例句couldhave done本来有能本来有能力力，而，而实际上没实际上没有有He could have given you more helpmight have done本来有可本来有可能能，而，而实际上没实际上没有有He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.形式形式含义含义例句例句should have done过去本来应过去本来应该该，而，而实际上没实际上没有有The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given it more water.ought tohave done过去本过去本该该，而，而未未You ought to have given him more help.neednt have done本不本不必必，却却Mr Smith didnt come last night, did he?No. We neednt have waited for him.didnt need to do 不必做实际也未做。不必做实际也未做。would have done本想要本想要I would have come to help you but I didnt have timehad better(not) have done事后的建事后的建议，含轻议，含轻微责备的微责备的口吻，口吻，You had better have started earlier.You had better not have scolded her. would rather have done表示表示“后后悔悔”之意之意I would rather have taken his advice.I would rather not have told him the truth.would rather的用法的用法(1)would rather do sth.意为意为“宁可宁可(愿愿)”(2)would rather do sth. than do sth. would do sth. rather than do sth(3)would rather+从句（虚拟语气）表示从句（虚拟语气）表示“宁愿，宁愿，但愿但愿”。【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填空_, he is well. But I would rather _ to see him yesterday. A. Personally; goB. Personally; have gone C. As far as I am concerned; /D. As far as I am concerned; went注意：注意：didnt need to do sth. 表示没有必要做某事表示没有必要做某事其实也没有做。其实也没有做。-He didnt come to the concert yesterday.-No,_. He watched it long time ago.A.he neednt have. B. he neednt to.C. he didnt need to. C. he needs to.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. Mustnt have takenPractice1.Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving2. If he had been here yesterday, he _ this pop star.A. would meet B. would have metC. met D. must have met3.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fallHe must be reading, _ he?You must do it yourself, _ you?He must have gone over the article, _he?It must have rained last night, _ it?4、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成isntdonthasntdidnt四、虚拟语气1、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法【考点一考点一】考查条件句的基本用法考查条件句的基本用法ifshould/would/could/might现在 diddo过去 had donehave done将来(1) diddo(2)were to(3) should1. If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. （2010湖南）湖南）A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow2. John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. （2010天津）天津）A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told3. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （2010陕西）陕西） A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【考点二考点二】考查含蓄虚拟条件句考查含蓄虚拟条件句不含有不含有if从句，而是以从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替等引导的句子代替if从句，从句，But for your help/Without your help, we couldnt have finished the task ahead of time.【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填空Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we_ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could managed D. can have managed【考点三考点三】考查主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句考查主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在事实从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在事实不符不符。 从句的动作与现在相反，主句的动作与过去事实不符。从句的动作与现在相反，主句的动作与过去事实不符。 从句的动作与过去的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正从句的动作与过去的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。在发生的情况相反。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer. If he knew her, he would have greeted her.If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall【考点四考点四】考查真假不一致的考查真假不一致的If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A.rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_.（2010安徽）安徽）A. was busy B. is busyC. had been busy D. will be busy【考点五考点五】省略非真实条件句中的省略非真实条件句中的if当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时时,if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将将were, should, had等词置于句首。等词置于句首。_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be cut off.A.Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. May you beHad I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.（2010浙江）浙江）A. would have been saved B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved2 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法宾语从句愿望I wishdid现在不能实现的愿望主语had过去分词过去不能实现的愿望主语would/might动词原形将来不能实现的愿望I wish I were a doctor. I wish that the rain would stop. I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 【考点六考点六】考查坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词或名考查坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词或名词（词（suggest, demand, order, require, insist, propose, advise, suggestion, advice, proposal等）等）necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等等表示表示“惊奇、惋惜或理应如此惊奇、惋惜或理应如此”Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _he has refused to. A. will not be sent；thatB. not be sent；thatC. should not be sent；whatD. should not send；what 4. as if/though引导的状语从句中，引导的状语从句中， Ive loved you as if you were my relative.5 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1) Its high/above time (that-) should/did(2)would rather从句中从句中I would rather you came tomorrow. (3)if only要是要是多好啊。如：多好啊。如：If only you hadnt offended him,。He wouldnt feel hurt now.(4)lest/in case/for fear that.目的状语从句目的状语从句He took his umbrella lest it should rain.