2022年考研英语精选练习题 5.docx

2022年考研英语精选练习题 5阅读理解单项选择题Theeradicationofpovertyisasharedresponsibilityfortheinternationalcommunityindeed，amoralimperative.Thistaskhasbecomenolessurgentinthelastdecade，inspiteofrapideconomicgrowthinmanypartsoftheworld.Whilethepercentageoftheworldspopulationlivingonlessthan$1perdayhasfallenfrom28.3%to24.0%between1987and1998，populationgrowthhaskepttheabsolutenumberofpoorsteadyatsome1.2billion.Ifwetakeahighercutoffpointof$2perday，thepoorhaveincreasedby250millionoverthesametimeperiod，encompassing2.8billionpeople，oralmosthalfoftheworld’spopulation.NordoWorldBankprojectionslendundividedhopeforthefuture.Underthebusinessasusualscenario，thenumberofpooronthe$1perdayscalewillnotchangeduringtheprojectionperiodupto2008.However，shouldpolicymeasuresbetakentoboosteconomicgrowthandmakethegrowthprocessmoreinclusivetothepoor，theWorldBankreckonsthat500millionpeoplecouldbebroughtoutofextremepovertyby2008.Evenunderthismoreoptimisticscenario，LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean，andespeciallySub-SaharanAfricawouldseelittle，ifany，progress.Thesamepatternemergesunderthehighercutoffpointof$2perday.Inthelightofthesedirestatisticsandprojections，itiseasytoappreciatethegrowingpublicconcernthatnotenoughisbeingdonetoaddresspovertyandpoverty-relatedsocialillnesses，suchaspoorworkconditions，alackofrespectforhumanrights，andnaturalresourcedegradation.Indeed，suchconcernshavebeenventedwithincreasingfrustration，includingattheMinisterialConferenceoftheWTOinSeattlelastyear，andmorerecentlyatthejointspringmeetingoftheIMFandtheWorldBank.Oneproblemfacinggovernmentsinpoverty-strickencountries，civilsociety，andinternationalorganizationsisthatpovertyisamultidimensionalproblemwithnosimplesolutionnotleastbecauseofitssheerscale.Thecausesandexpressionsofpovertyarenotthesameeverywhere，althoughsomecommontermscanoftenbefound，includingalackofaccesstoeducation，basichealthcare，andunequaldistributionofproductiveassets。Moreover，ruralcommunities，whichareoftenthehardesthitbypoverty，facetheirowndevelopmentproblemsrelatedtopoorinfrastructure，whichmakeitmorecostlytoparticipateinthenationalandglobaleconomy.Anotherfactorthatperpetuatespovertyisthatthepooroftenlackpoliticalleveragetoinfluencethepoliciesandprioritiesofgovernments.1Bysayingthattheeradicationofpovertyisamoralimperative，theauthormeans_.A.itisamoralresponsibilitytodoawaywithpovertyB.itiscloselyrelatedtotheformulationofmoralstandardC.raisingmoralstandardistheonlysolutiontopovertyD.itismorallyimpossibletofindasolutiontopoverty查看原文2Between1987and1998，thenumberofpeoplelivingontwodollarsaday_.A.actuallyincreasedB.fellslightlyC.wascutdowngreatlyD.keptrisingsteadily查看原文3Whatmighthappenintheyear2008ifproperpoliciesforeconomicgrowthweremade?A.500millionmorepeoplewouldjointheextremelypoor.B.Nodrasticchangewouldhappentothelifeofthepoorinthepresentpoorregions.C.Thenumberofthepooronthe$1perdayscalewouldbegreatlycut.D.Thenumberofthepoorlivingon$2dollarsperdaywouldbedrasticallydecreased.查看原文4Whyisitnoteasytosolvethepovertyproblem?A.Becausetheinternationalcommunityhasntmadeenougheffortatit.B.Becausethegovernmentsinpoorcountriesdonotgiveenoughattentiontoit.C.Becausesolvingtheproblemisbeyondthemeansofthepoorcountries.D.Becauseitisaproblemthatinvolvesmultiplefactors.查看原文5WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanobstacletothesolutionofpoverty?A.Theenormoussizeofthepoorpopulation.B.Slowereconomicdevelopmentinextremelypoorregions.C.Thegovernmentpolicyinpoverty-strickencountries.D.Theclassificationofthepoorpopulation.查看原文Withitsalmostsixbillionpeople，theworldoffersafascinatingvarietyofhumanshapesandcolors.Ashumansspreadthroughouttheworld，theiradaptationstodiverseclimateandotherlivingconditionsresultedinthisfascinatingvarietyofcomplexions，colors，andshapes.Geneticmutationsaddeddistinctcharacteristicstothepeoplesoftheglobe.Inthissensetheconceptofrace，agroupwithinheritedphysicalcharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromanothergroup，isareality.Humansdoindeedcomeinavarietyofcolorsandshapes.Intwosenses，however，raceisamyth，afabricationofthehumanmind.Thefirstfabricationistheideathatanyoneraceissuperiortoanother.Allraceshavetheirgeniusesandtheiridiots.Likelanguage，noraceissuperiortoanother.AdolfHitlersideaswereextreme.Hebelievedthatasuperiorrace，calledtheAryans，wasresponsiblefortheculturalachievementsofEurope.Theypossessedthegeneticstuffthatmadetheminherentlysuperior.Evenmanyscientistsofthetime一notonlyGermanybutthroughoutEuropeandtheUnitedStatesespousedtheideaofracialsuperiority.Notsurprisingly，theyconsideredthemselvesmembersofthesupposedlysuperiorrace!Inadditiontothemythofracialsuperiority，thereisasecondmyththatoftheexistenceofapurerace.Fromtheperspectiveofcontemporarybiology，humansshowsuchamixtureofphysicalcharacteristics.thatthepureracesdonotexist.Insteadoffallingintodistincttypesclearlyseparatefromoneanother，humancharacteristicsflowendlesslytogether.Theseminutegradationsmadearbitraryanyattempttodrawdefinitelines.Largegroupingsofpeople，however，canbeclassifiedbybloodtypeandgenefrequencies.Yeteventhisarrangementdoesnotuncoverrace。Rather，suchclassificationsaresoarbitrarythatbiologistsandanthropologistscandrawuplistingsshowinganynumberofrace。AshleyMontagu，aphysicalanthropologist，pointedoutthatsomescientistshaveclassifiedhumansintoonlytworaceswhileothershavefoundasmanyastwothousand.Montaguhimselfclassifiedhumansintofortyracialgroups.Thisisnotmeanttoimplythattheideaofraceisamyth.Thatideaisdefinitelyverymuchalive.Itisfirmlyembeddedinourculture，asocialrealitythatweconfrontdaily.SociologistW.I.Thomasobservedthatifpeopledefinesituationsasreal，theyarerealintheirconsequences。Thefactthatnoraceissuperiororthatbiologicallywecannotevendecidehowpeopleshouldbeclassifiedintoracesisnotwhatcounts.Whatmakesadifferenceforsociallife，rather，isthatpeoplebelievetheseideas，forpeopleactonbeliefs，notfacts.Asaresult，wealwayshavepeoplelikeHitler.Mostpeople，fortunately，donotbelieveinsuchextremes，yetmostpeoplealsoappeartobeethnocentricenoughtobelieve，atleastjustalittle，thattheirownraceissuperiortoothers.6Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatthediversificationofhumanraceresultedfrom_.A.bothgeneticinheritanceandenvironmentalinfluencesB.thedifferentiationoftheinheritedphysicalcharacteristicsC.humansadaptationstodiverseclimateandotherlivingconditionsD.geneticmutationsalone查看原文7Thewordfabricationprobablymeans_.A.mysteryB.inventionC.exaggerationD.perspective查看原文8Whyistherenopureraceaccordingtothepassage?A.Becausepeopleofdifferentracesoftengetmarried.B.Becausepeoplehavedifferentbloodtypes.C.Becauseracialcharacteristicsoverlap.D.Becausetherearesomanyracesintheworld.查看原文9Anyattemptatclassifyingraces_.A.isatbestarbitraryB.isboundtobebiasedC.tendstopickoutoneraceassuperiorD.takescultureintoaccount查看原文10TheauthorconcludesthepassagebypointingoutthatA.itishardlypossibletoclassifyhumansintoracialgroupsB.weshouldbeonourguardagainstanyideaofracialsuperiorityC.raceisindeedamysterytobeexploredanduncoveredD.itisnotimportanthowpeopleshouldbeclassified查看原文第9页 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