复习课件——阅读理解.ppt
引领中考获胜的领路人引领中考获胜的领路人听力听力决胜中考决胜中考A+的水平凸显的水平凸显单项选择单项选择中考成功的分水岭中考成功的分水岭完形填空完形填空中考致胜的关键中考致胜的关键书面表达书面表达肩负中考的夺分重任肩负中考的夺分重任阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解的选材原则阅读理解的选材原则w 趣味性与教育性相统一的原则、新颖性与时代趣味性与教育性相统一的原则、新颖性与时代性相统一的原则、话题与文体的多样性原则性相统一的原则、话题与文体的多样性原则w 所选的材料一般涉及个人情况、环境、日常生所选的材料一般涉及个人情况、环境、日常生活、休闲娱乐、旅游、情感、人际交往、购物、活、休闲娱乐、旅游、情感、人际交往、购物、饮食、卫生与健康、文体、科普知识、异国历饮食、卫生与健康、文体、科普知识、异国历史文化与社会习俗、社会时政新闻话题等史文化与社会习俗、社会时政新闻话题等近年中考阅读理解题的赋分与材料近年中考阅读理解题的赋分与材料w 考查考查3篇阅读文，每篇设有篇阅读文，每篇设有5小题，共小题，共15小题即小题即56-70小题，每小题小题，每小题2分，共分，共30分。分。w 近四年以来，幽默笑话、科普文章、社会时政近四年以来，幽默笑话、科普文章、社会时政热点新闻热点新闻 、地震或火灾防范知识等。、地震或火灾防范知识等。2014中考命题预测中考命题预测w沿承沿承2013年的模式，所涉及的话题必然年的模式，所涉及的话题必然是贴近实际生活的话题及时事新闻，命是贴近实际生活的话题及时事新闻，命题将会在考查细节理解为主的基础上，题将会在考查细节理解为主的基础上，逐渐注重对文章整体的把握和理解。逐渐注重对文章整体的把握和理解。题型题型1 1：细节理解题细节理解题考查对时间、地点、特征、方式、数考查对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的字等的寻找寻找 对原因、结果、事实的对原因、结果、事实的正确理解正确理解常用提问方式：常用提问方式： According to the passage, 1. who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long).?2. which of the following is (not) true?1. We can go to visit the Body Image Exhibition _. A. at 4:30 p.m. B. at night C. for free D. at 325 Nanjing Road W The Body Image Exhibition is on! Address: 325 Nanjing Road W Transport: Subway line 1, 2 and 8 Opening hours: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. (No entering after 4 p.m.) Admission (入场费入场费): 20 yuan For more information call: 021-6327-2829“细节理解题细节理解题” 解题技巧：解题技巧：1.先看问题。先看问题。2.再对文章进行查读，从文再对文章进行查读，从文章中直接章中直接划出划出与问题相关的与问题相关的信息信息。实战演练（实战演练（20132013百色市中考）百色市中考） Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct.11,2012. He became the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Mo Yan was born on February 17, 1955 and grew up in Gaomi,Shandong Province. His famous novel Red Sorghum was published in 1986. sgm ( )56. What does Mo Yan do ? A. A doctor. B. A farmer C. A writer D. A soldier( )57. Mo Yans novel _ was published in 1986. A. Red Sorghum B. Republic of Wine C. Frog D. A Transparent RadishCA题型题型2：词义猜测：词义猜测考查多为名词、动词、词组或句子的含义。考查多为名词、动词、词组或句子的含义。常见的提问方式有：常见的提问方式有： 1) What does the underlined word “” mean? 2) What does the phrase “” in Paragraph 3 mean? 3) Here “it” means _ .“词义猜测词义猜测”题解题技巧：题解题技巧：1. 1. 根据上下文判断词汇在特定语根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境中的境中的确切含义确切含义。 2.2.根据构词法、同义词、反义词、根据构词法、同义词、反义词、等同关系、因果关系等进行等同关系、因果关系等进行猜测猜测。实战演练（实战演练（20132013百色市中考）百色市中考） China in recent years has experienced serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous（大方的）（大方的）. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.（ ）67. What does the underlined word “hospitable” mean in Chinese ? A. 吝啬的吝啬的 B. 好客的好客的 C. 勇敢的勇敢的 D. 可爱的可爱的B题型题型3：判断推理：判断推理考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。归纳能力。常见的提问方式有：常见的提问方式有：1) From the passage we know that_2) What can we learn from the passage?3) According to the story, what would happen next? If everyone sets their air conditioning (空调)at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦时) of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,said a TV advertisement. Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400A3. 逻辑推理型逻辑推理型 根据计算判断根据计算判断careful reading(细读细读)“判断推理判断推理”题解题技巧：题解题技巧： 这种题目往往这种题目往往不能直接不能直接从文中从文中找找到答案到答案，而需要根据，而需要根据上下文上下文及其相及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层深层理解理解后，后，加以推理加以推理，才能获得正确，才能获得正确答案。答案。实战演练：实战演练： When he was only 17 years old, Chaplin got his first real job as an actor. What he did was to do silly things to make people laugh in the theatre. Seven years later he went to the USA. From Paragraph 2, we can know that _.A. Chaplin went to the USA when he was 24 years old B. Chaplin became famous when he was 17 years oldC. People liked Chaplin because he was a homeless gentlemanD. Chaplin did many silly things to make people laugh in the streetcareful reading(细读细读)题型题型4：主旨大意与标题归纳：主旨大意与标题归纳主旨归纳题主旨归纳题常见题型为最佳标题常见题型为最佳标题(best title)或或中心思想中心思想(main idea)等。等。常见的提问方式有：常见的提问方式有：1) What is the main idea of the passage?2) Which of the following is the main idea?3) The passage is mainly about _.4) Which of the following is the best title?尾尾段段Scientists say it is important to protect African rain forests because there may be other new species like lesula to be discovered in the future.首段首段 The animal kingdom has a new member. On September 12, 2012, researchers made a report to the world that they discovered a new species of monkey. It is called the lesula. And it is only the second monkey species discovered in 28 years.65. Whats the best title for the passage? A. How the Lesula Was Found B. What the Lesula Looks Like C. A New Species of Monkey D. When the Lesula Was Found“主旨大意与标题归纳主旨大意与标题归纳”题解题技巧：题解题技巧：1.1.通过略读，找通过略读，找到到主题句主题句。2.2.抓住文章的抓住文章的中心中心思想，思想，注注意文章意文章的的开头开头和和结尾结尾. .首段首段 Every day in China, about 200 million children go to school. Many of them take school buses. What should we do to keep these students safe on the road ?尾尾段段 The most serious accident happened in November in Gansu, when a nine-seat minibus crashed. There were 62 children inside, and 21 of them died.实战演练（实战演练（20122012百色市中考）百色市中考）( ) 65. From the passage , we know that _.A. it is very important to keep the students safe on the road.B. it is very important to keep the students safe on food.C. it is very important to keep the students safe at school.D. it is very important to keep the students safe at home.阅读阅读题型题型及解及解题题方法方法细节理解细节理解主旨归纳主旨归纳推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义(查读查读) scanning(略读略读) skimming(细读细读) careful reading(查读查读) scanning1.先看问题。先看问题。2.再对文章进行查读，从文章中直再对文章进行查读，从文章中直接接划出划出与问题相关的信息与问题相关的信息根据根据上下文上下文及其相互间的关系或对及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行整篇文章进行深层理解深层理解后，后，加以推加以推理理，才能获得正确答案。，才能获得正确答案。1.通过略读，找通过略读，找到到主题句主题句。2.抓住文章的抓住文章的中心中心思想，思想，注注意文章意文章的的开头开头和和结尾结尾.1. 根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境根据上下文判断词汇在特定语境中的中的确切含义确切含义。 2.根据构词法、同义词、反义词、根据构词法、同义词、反义词、等同关系、因果关系等进行等同关系、因果关系等进行猜测猜测。Summary阅读技巧：阅读技巧： 1. 浏览问题，浏览问题，运用运用阅读方法（查读、阅读方法（查读、略读、细读）解决问题。略读、细读）解决问题。 2. 抓住中心句抓住中心句 （标题，首段，每段的首尾句）（标题，首段，每段的首尾句） 3. 遇到生词要沉着冷静遇到生词要沉着冷静，要学会猜词。要学会猜词。注意注意克服不良习惯克服不良习惯： 不要一个词不要一个词 一个词的看，只读不记。一个词的看，只读不记。Homework for TodayHomework for Today1. Finish off the other passages on the paper.2. Guess the meanings of the new words in passages.( )1. He is not interested in the new things around him, so we give him a nickname “Mr Out”, which is based on his _.A. dressing style B. personal look C. personality D. life style Do you have a nickname ? Most of us have the nickname based on our personal look, dressing style, or personality. But for cities, the meaning of their nicknames has much more than that.C( )2. “The Eternal City” is the nickname of _.A. New YorkB. RomeC. LondonD. BeijingMany big cities have nicknames, such as New York-The Big Apple, London-The Great Smog, and Rome-The Eternal City. Why do cities have such nicknames ?B( )3. John J. Fitz Gerald first called New York the Big Apple because _. A. there were many races in New York B. New York city was very large C. He liked big apples D. New York was the place that many people dreamed of going to In the 1920s, there were many races in New York. People called the prizes of these races apples. Writer John J. Fitz Gerald first called New York the Big Apple, because New York was the place that many people dreamed of going to.D( )4. In the fifth paragraph, we know that _.A. London had air pollution during the Victorian PeriodB. 10,000 people in London died of air pollution in 1952C. the air of London now is still dirtyD. the air in Beijing now is better than that of Victorian London As for London, in the Victorian period (18371901) it had problems with its air. Later in 1952, serious air pollution made 10,000 people fall ill. But now the air of London has become better. Some people even say the air pollution in Beijing now is like that of Victorian London.A( )5. Which is the best title for the passage ?A. Special names for special citiesB. Do you have a nickname ?C. History of a nicknameD. Better city, better nickname首段：首段：Do you have a nickname ? Most of us have the nickname based on our personal look, dressing style, or personality. But for cities, the meaning of their nicknames has much more than that.尾段：尾段：Sound interesting ? Does your city have a nickname ?A
