unit4语法定语从句.ppt

1.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_allaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knew2.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown3.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.Itseemsasifit_rain. A . w i l l B . i s g o i n g t o C.istoD.weregoingto5.Tooursurprise,Garywasbehaving_nothinghadhappened.A.asthoughB.evenifC.thatifD.eventhough6.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislipsasif_thathehadsomethingtotellthethedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaid定语从句AttributeClause 必修一Attribute (定语定语)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautifulyour The positions of the attribute: （定语的位置）（定语的位置）1. She is a beautiful girl.2. She is a girl with long hair.3. She is a girl who is beautiful.通常情况下，通常情况下，单个词单个词作定语时要放作定语时要放于被修饰词的于被修饰词的前面前面，短语或从句短语或从句作作定语时要放于被修饰词的定语时要放于被修饰词的后面后面。一、概念一、概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的名从句。它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做词或代词叫做先行词先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词，有关系代词有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和和关系副词关系副词when，where，why。关系词既联系定语从。关系词既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分(主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语)。在复合句中，修饰或限定某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”。引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系词关系词关系副词关系副词:wherewhenwhy定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who、 whom、 that、 which、 whose相关概念主句、从句、关系词例句：例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句主句 在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。句子的主句。定语从句定语从句 相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词先行词先行词 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。从句的前面。关系词关系词 关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副关系副词词。相关概念主句、从句、关系词例句：例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句主句 在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 ( (例句中例句中This is the boy.是主句。是主句。) )定语从句定语从句 相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词 ( (例句中，例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰the boy。) )先行词先行词 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 ( (例句中例句中the boy是先行词。是先行词。) )关系词关系词 关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词。( (例句中例句中who是关系代词。是关系代词。) )关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词。2.看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。who关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）1)There are lots of people in the reading room, and most of _ was lost in their reading.2)There are lots of people in the reading room, most of _ was lost in the reading. A. whom B. which C. who D. themD DA A二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中所作的成分指代例句who主语，宾语(作宾语时可省略）指人(1)A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.(主语)(2)I know the boy (who) you are looking for.(宾语)whom宾语，常省略指人(1)The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor .(宾语) (2)I know the boy (who/whom) you are looking for.(宾语)二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中所作的成分指代例句that主语，宾语指物(1)A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主语)(2)The trees(that)we planted grow well.(宾语)指人(1)The passengers that were injured were sent to the nearest hospital .(主语) (2)The doctor (that) we sent for arrived very soon.(宾语)关系代词在从句中所做的成分指代例句which主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略)指物(1)People will never forget the accident which happened here last year.(主语)(2)The letter (which) I received yesterday was from my sister.( 宾语)二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中的成分指代例句whose定语指人The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in the class.(定语)指物At last we chose a room w h o s e w i n d o w f a c e d south.(定语)二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句例例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人: that/who (主语)例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主语)例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物: that/which (宾语,可省略) 例例5 The book _cover is red is mine. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用物时都用whose,whose,可理解为可理解为“的的”whose+n.= the n. + of which/whom=of whose+n.= the n. + of which/whom=of which/whom the n.which/whom the n.1.The nurse is kind. 2.The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.照顾我妹妹的照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。那个护士很友善。合并下列句子照顾我妹妹的照顾我妹妹的1.The girl is from America.2. I called her just now. The girl (whom/that/who) I called just now is from America.我刚才叫的我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。那个女孩来自美国。我刚才叫我刚才叫的的1. He is reading a book.2. Its name is Gone with the Wind . He is reading a book whose name is Gone with the Wind .他正在看一本名叫他正在看一本名叫飘飘的书。的书。名叫名叫飘飘的的whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中作主语或介词的宾语。如：和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中作主语或介词的宾语。如：He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten.=He has written a book the name of which Ive forgotten.=He has written a book the name that Ive forgotten the name of.=He has written a book of which Ive forgotten the name.关系代词在从句中的成分指代例句whose定语指人The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in the class.(定语)指物At last we chose a room whose window faced south.(定语)二、关系代词引导的定语从句二、关系代词引导的定语从句用适当的关系代词填空。1The girl _leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.2Those _ want to see the film please write down your names here.3They are talking excitedly about the writers and their books _interest them.4A dictionary is a book _ gives the meanings of the words.5.The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.whosethatthatwhothat that/which 关系代词的选用关系代词的选用指物时必须用指物时必须用that而不用而不用which的情况：的情况： (1)先行词是先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，much，little，few，none，the one等不定代等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。词或先行词被这些词修饰时。We should hand in all that we have.(2)先行词前面有先行词前面有all，every，no，some，any，little，much，few，none，the only，the very，the same，the last以及序数词、形容词最高级等修饰词时。以及序数词、形容词最高级等修饰词时。This is the only thing that we can do.Its the best film that has been made by Zhang Yimou.It is the first one that he wanted.(3)先行词是两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词是两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的并列名词或词组时。并列名词或词组时。We talked about the things and persons that we saw and met during the trip.(4)主句是以主句是以who，which开头的疑问句时。开头的疑问句时。Who is the man that told you the news?Who is the man that you spoke to?Which is the cap that you have decided to buy?只用只用which, who, whom的情况的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用指代物，用who/whom指代人指代人He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.(2)在由在由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，指物，whom指人。指人。I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.(3) 先行词本身是先行词本身是that时，关系词用时，关系词用which；先行词为；先行词为those，one，he等指人的不定代词时多用等指人的不定代词时多用who。Those who respect others are usually respected by others.1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything _ you want? A. which B. that C. who D. whatChoose the best answers:3. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 2. Please take the second chair_ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it1.Which is the book you bought last week?A. where B. that C. who D. which 1)The couple have arrived at the point _ 1)The couple have arrived at the point _ they need to be separated for some time.they need to be separated for some time.2)This is the very point _ we must insist 2)This is the very point _ we must insist on.on. A. that B. which C. where D. what A. that B. which C. where D. whatC CA A1. All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. whatExercises:3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. what B. in where C. / D. when4. I dont like the way_ you speak to her. A. that B. in that C. who D. whose5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons_ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that7. Who is the person_ is talking about the accident _ happened on Highway 104? A. which; which B. who; what C. that; that D. what; what三、关系副词引导的定语从句三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中关系副词在从句中只能作状语只能作状语。when 指时间，指时间，where指地点，指地点，why指原因，指原因，how不能作关系词。不能作关系词。1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？Do you know the date when the Peoples Republic of China was founded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日子吗？2、where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the university where Grandpa studied 30 years ago.这是爷爷 30 年前就读过的大学。注意：关系副词 where 引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具体的地点名词,而是抽象名词 position, stage, situation, case,occasion 等。如：He got into a situation where it was hard to decide what was right and wrong.他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。3、why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he refused the job was that he thought the salary was too low.他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了。I dont know the reason why he didnt tell it to his father.我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。.4、由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词名词”，即“when on/in/during.(time); where in/at/on.(place); why for.(reason)”，因此关系副词可换为“介词which”引导定语从句。如：That is the day when/on which he did the experiments. 这就是他做实验的那一天。This is the house where/in which my father used to live.这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。That is the reason why/for which he is leaving very soon. 那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。注意：在“介词which”结构中，介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词短语与介词的搭配关系。如：In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.(固定搭配turn to sb.（for sth.）表示“（就某事或某物）求助于某人”)This is the farm where/on which I worked three years ago.(搭配：on a farm)He cant forget that moment when/at which he saw his long-lost child.(搭配：at that moment)5、当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用whom 也可以用 who 和 that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介词提前时，就一定要用 whom，且不能省略。如：Hes the singer (whom/who/that) we like.他是我们喜欢的歌手。Hes the man to whom she talked yesterday.他是她昨天与之交谈的人。【例例】The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months_ the sailing time was 226 days.Aof whichBduring whichCfrom which Dfor which用适当的关系副词或“介词which/whom”填空。1I will never forget the day _I organized a birthday party for my mother.2We havent found a good place _we are going to place our new sofa.3The reason _he refused to attend the meeting was that they didnt give him an invitation earlier.4The conference invited the scholar _the article referred.5Tom broke his glasses，_he could see nothing at all.when/on which where/in which why /for which to whom without which 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. whatD. who【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. where C. whichD. whom A AC C【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. whoD. that【2010天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. asB. which C. where D. that【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. where C. whichD. whom