高考英语阅读技巧-猜词.ppt

40/1509 9年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：简短文章。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息、理解文中具体信息(细节题细节题)；、根据上下文推断生词的词义、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。高考阅读技巧高考阅读技巧 猜测词义猜测词义0608年重庆卷阅读理解试题分类情况年重庆卷阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量题目设计数量200620072008试试题题设设计计分分类类事实细节题事实细节题787主旨大意题主旨大意题445词义猜测题词义猜测题222推理判断题推理判断题7661. The underlined word “ ” refers to (means) .2. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ ”?3. What is the meaning of “ ” as the words are used in the text?4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ ”? 常见词义猜测题型 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释1、利用定义线索、利用定义线索2 2、利用解释说明线索、利用解释说明线索3 3、利用举例线索、利用举例线索一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧1、利用定义线索、利用定义线索特征：常有特征：常有 be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。等词语来提示。例1 ,nrpldiAnthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _.人类学人类学例例2 Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. Desertrefers to_. 沙漠沙漠一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧2 2、利用解释说明线索、利用解释说明线索特征：常有特征：常有 that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来等词语来提示或者利用提示或者利用同位语同位语或或定语从句定语从句。例1 In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields.To irrigate means_.注：注：or=mean 表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语或为其同义词语例2His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. Zoologist refers to _.动物学家动物学家灌溉灌溉例例3 simntiksSemantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. Semantics means_. 例4The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. Herdsman refers to _.牧人牧人 语义学语义学一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧3 3、利用举例线索、利用举例线索特征：常有特征：常有 for example, for instance, such as, like等词语来提示等词语来提示。例例1 1,piridiklYou can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. Periodicals means_.期刊，杂志期刊，杂志例例2 2silebriti Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like. The word “celebrities”means_.名人名人常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系4 4、利用对比关系线索利用对比关系线索5 5、利用因果关系线索、利用因果关系线索6 6、利用同类关系线索、利用同类关系线索7 7、利用一般常识线索、利用一般常识线索三三 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧4 4、利用对比关系线索利用对比关系线索特征：常有特征：常有but, however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,instead,despite 等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。二、依据内在逻辑关系例1 Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knowHis brother，in contrast，is quite humble（谦虚的）（谦虚的） and modest supercilious means _.傲慢的，目空一切的傲慢的，目空一切的例例2 2 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Grubby means _.肮脏的肮脏的 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧5 5、利用因果关系线索、利用因果关系线索二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：常以特征：常以 because, so that, so/suchthat 等词汇及结构来体现。等词汇及结构来体现。例例1 1 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员）（管理人员） because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others autocratic means _.独断专行的独断专行的例例2 2 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow（浅（浅的）的）. Turbid means _.浑浊的浑浊的 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系6 6、利用同类关系线索、利用同类关系线索特征：常有特征：常有and,or, like, similarly, also 等表示词语来提示。等表示词语来提示。例例1 1 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your healthThey also regard drinking as harmful detrimental means _.有害的，不利的有害的，不利的例例2 2 The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady. eccentric means _.奇怪的奇怪的 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：特征： 一般能够根据自己的一般能够根据自己的生活经验生活经验及生活常识及生活常识来判断词义。来判断词义。7 7、利用一般常识线索、利用一般常识线索例例1 1 My parents went out and got a new TV. That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof. antenna means _.天线天线例例2 2 The students were jubilant when they learned that their school had placed first in the competition. jubilant mean_.兴高采烈的兴高采烈的 常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义8 8、利用构词法中的词缀法利用构词法中的词缀法9 9、利用、利用构词法中的合成法构词法中的合成法1010、利用构词法中的转化法、利用构词法中的转化法常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义特征：特征：1、利用、利用前缀和后缀前缀和后缀构成新的单词构成新的单词2、利用、利用合成两个意义不同的词合成两个意义不同的词组合构成组合构成新的单词新的单词3、利用、利用转变转变单词的单词的词性词性构成新的单词构成新的单词前缀：前缀：1. in-, im-,il-,ir-,non-, un-, dis-,mis-常表示否定常表示否定,如：如：incorrect, impossible, illegal,irregular, nonstop, unfair ，disappear， mislead后缀后缀:1. adj.-ness,如：如： happiness, illness, selfishness2. V.-ment,如：如：equipment, entertainment, movement3. V.-tion,如：如：education, communication,operation4.形容词词性的词缀：形容词词性的词缀：-able, -cal, -ish, -ful, -ous, -al,如：如： comfortable, physical, childish, hopeful, delicious, dangerous, national例例1 1When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. impassable means_.无法通过的无法通过的例例2 2Saint Valentines Day is a time of happiness for loversBoys like to give girls flowers as presentsOn that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand forget-me-not means _.勿忘我勿忘我例例3 3 Today its his turn to empty the rubbish. empty means_.倒空倒空小试身手：1 1 ArchaeologyArchaeology is the study of the buried remains of is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. A. 地理学地理学 B. B. 生态学生态学 C. C. 心理学心理学 D. D. 考古学考古学2 2Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just three months, he has already made much greater three months, he has already made much greater achievements than hisachievements than his predecessors predecessors. . A. A. 上级上级B. B. 前任前任 C. C. 同事同事 D. D. 下级下级3 3 The football game was getting more and more The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozydozy as she as she usually was.usually was. A. A. 昏昏欲睡的昏昏欲睡的B. B. 亢奋的亢奋的 C. C. 欣喜若狂的欣喜若狂的 D. D. 麻木的麻木的4. All his attempts to unlock the door was 4. All his attempts to unlock the door was futilefutile, , because he was using the wrong key.because he was using the wrong key. A. A. 成功的成功的 B. B. 徒劳的徒劳的 C. C. 有效的有效的D. D. 匆促的匆促的DBAB 5. Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you cant see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself. Thus someone who says that she is a 12-year-old girl. could really be an old man.A. making a wrong judgement aboutB. understanding somebody wronglyC. giving a wrong description ofD. forming a wrong opinion aboutC6（2002年全国卷年全国卷E篇）篇） A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun , according to Beth Aneclerio, an Evaston mother of two , ages 4 and 18 months.74、What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guestsC9.“But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior(领导领导,上司上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”( 2005 上海上海 B)A. full of respect B. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet10. Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. （ 2005 广东广东 B）The underlined word “ cultivated” roughly means: A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developedD11 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display（ 2006 江西江西 B） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word exotic in the third paragraph?A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensiveC. Comfortable and calming. D. foreign and unusualD7（2004的辽宁卷的辽宁卷B篇）篇）Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of .A. vegetable dishB. healthy juiceC. iced drinkD. red vegetableB 8. The Jet dEau together with the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva.The Jet dEau has become the symbol(象征象征)of Geneva for a long time.This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history.Eight 13,500 watt projectors light the grand column(圆柱圆柱)of the fountain in the evening,from early March until the second Sunday of October. (2004重庆卷重庆卷 A) The Jet dEau refers to _ A. the water fountain B. the English Garden C. a new scene with electric lighting D.the name of a famous watchmakerA