实用初中被动语态PPT.ppt

英语有两种语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如：。如：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我们昨天打扫了教室。我们昨天打扫了教室。(主动语态，主语主动语态，主语we是是clean这一动作的执这一动作的执行者行者)The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打扫。教室昨天被打扫。(被动语态，主语被动语态，主语the classroom是是clean这一这一动作的承受者动作的承受者)一、一般过去时被动语态一、一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态的结构为一般过去时被动语态的结构为“主语主语+ was /were +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执动作的执行者行者).”。如：。如： Trees were planted last spring.去年春天种了树。去年春天种了树。1. 肯定句肯定句： 主语主语+was / were+及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词+其他其他.e.g. Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 纸是中国人在二千多年前发明的。纸是中国人在二千多年前发明的。 2. 否定句：否定句：主语主语+ was/were not+及物动词的过及物动词的过 去分词去分词+其他其他.e.g. Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 开始妇女不允许参加奥运会。开始妇女不允许参加奥运会。e.g. Was this picture drawn by your sister? 这幅画是你妹妹画的吗？这幅画是你妹妹画的吗？ 3. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语主语 +及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分 词词+其他其他?二、被动语态的用法：二、被动语态的用法：1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者要指出谁是动作的执行者。 e.g. English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都在说英语。全世界都在说英语。2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 e.g. This dictionary is used by most students. 这本字典是大多数学生在用的。这本字典是大多数学生在用的。1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 e.g. They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。 三三、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题2. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时， 通常把指通常把指“人人”的间接宾语变为主语，的间接宾语变为主语， 指指“物物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把的直接宾语保留不变；如果把 指指“物物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接接 宾语前加宾语前加to或或for。e.g. My aunt gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday.3. 主动句中感官动词主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词等和使役动词make / let / have等后等后跟省略跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号时应加上不定式符号to。 e.g. I saw a heavy man enter the house. A heavy man was seen to enter the house.4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, take place, come true, fall asleep）没有被动语态。）没有被动语态。e.g. What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事？布朗先生发生了什么事？将下列句子变为被动语态。将下列句子变为被动语态。 1. He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _ _ by him the other day.2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack _ _ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully.was givenwere chosen3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the cake _ _ by a mouse last night.was eaten将下列句子变为主动语态。将下列句子变为主动语态。 4. Were these machines invented by Edison?_ Edison _ these machines?Did invent5. The post card was sent to Linda by Paul. Paul _ the post card _ Linda. 6. America was discovered by Columbus. Columbus _ America.sent todiscovered对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 7. Shoes with lights were used for seeing in the dark. _ _ shoes with lights _ for? 8. Paper was invented in China almost a thousand years ago. _ _ paper _ in China? usedWhat wereWhen was invented4aRewrite the sentences using the passive voice.点拨：原句为一般过去时态，原句的谓点拨：原句为一般过去时态，原句的谓语动词为语动词为sold，宾语为，宾语为the fridge；改为；改为被动语态时，应将被动语态时，应将the fridge作主语，谓作主语，谓语动词用语动词用was sold的形式。的形式。1. They sold the fridge at a low price. _The fridge was sold at a low price. 点拨：分析原句的句子结构可知，点拨：分析原句的句子结构可知，stole是谓语动是谓语动词，词，my camera是句子是句子的宾语；改为被动语态句时，应将的宾语；改为被动语态句时，应将my camera作句子主语，谓语动词用作句子主语，谓语动词用was stolen的形式。的形式。2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. _ _My camera was stolen from my hotel room. 3. Where did you take these photos? _4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone. _ _5. Different writers translated the book into different languages. _ _Where were these photos taken? We were advised by our parents not to go out alone. The book was translated into different languages by different writers. 温故温故 在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在前面两个单元我们已经学习了一般现在时在前面两个单元我们已经学习了一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态，它们的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态，它们的结构为：的结构为：are/ is +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词, were/ was+及物动词的过去分词。及物动词的过去分词。 知新知新 本单元我们主要了解含有情态动词的本单元我们主要了解含有情态动词的被动语态。它的结构是什么呢？观察下面被动语态。它的结构是什么呢？观察下面例句中含情态动词被动语态的各种形式例句中含情态动词被动语态的各种形式，然后补全结论中所缺的内容。，然后补全结论中所缺的内容。【例句例句】1. Many trees should be planted in the mountains. 应该在山上种许多树。应该在山上种许多树。2. You can take this book home. （改为被（改为被 动语态）动语态）This book can be taken home (by you). 3. This problem cant be worked out very easily. 这道题轻易算不出来。这道题轻易算不出来。4. Must the work be done at once? 这项工作必须立即完成吗？这项工作必须立即完成吗？【结论结论】A. 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情 态动词态动词+_+及物动词的及物动词的_。B. 含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态 时，要把主动语态的时，要把主动语态的_变成被动语变成被动语 态的主语。态的主语。C. 变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加 _。D. 变为一般疑问句时只需把变为一般疑问句时只需把_提到提到 句首。句首。be 过去分词过去分词宾语宾语not情态动词情态动词【运用运用】. 选择最佳答案。选择最佳答案。( ) Young trees should _ every year. A. be planted B. planted C. plantA. 按要求完成下列各句，每空一词（含按要求完成下列各句，每空一词（含 缩写）。缩写）。1. We must do the work right now. （改为被（改为被 动语态）动语态） _ _ _ _ _ right now.2. Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends on school nights. （改为否定句）（改为否定句） Teenagers _ _ _ to go out with their friends on school nights.The work must be done shouldnt be allowed 3. A book should be read each month. (改改 为一般疑问句为一般疑问句) _ _ _ _ _ each month?Should a book be read4a Rewrite the sentences according to the example.1. You must clean your bedroom every day. Your bedroom must be cleaned every day.2. Parents should encourage teenagers to do social work for their community. Teenagers _ _.3. Can Lucy do her homework tomorrow instead? Can _ _? should be encouraged (by their parents) to do social work for their community the homework be done (by Lucy) tomorrow insteadn. 社区，社区，社团社团4. Do you think we must keep teenagers away from the Internet? Do you think teenagers _?5. Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions. Teenagers _ _ must be kept away from the Internetshould be given chances to make their own decisions.keepaway from 避免接近，远离避免接近，远离n. 机会，可能机会，可能性性自己做决定自己做决定