语法填空考点7非谓语动词.ppt

考点考点7: 非谓语动词非谓语动词真题再练真题再练1.(2015卷卷I68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词names，所以，所以conduct应应为非谓语动词；又由为非谓语动词；又由conduct a study /survey (进行研究进行研究/调查调查)可知，可知，a study与与conduct是被是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。conducted2.(2015卷卷I70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.因在因在says后的宾语从句中已有谓语后的宾语从句中已有谓语arranges,所以所以live应为非谓语动词；又因应为非谓语动词；又因people与与live是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。living3.(2015卷卷II61) The adobe dwellings(土坯房土坯房) _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词are admired，所以，所以build应为非谓语动词；又因应为非谓语动词；又因The adobe dwellings与与build是被动关系，加之有是被动关系，加之有by的提示，可知的提示，可知用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填built。built4.(2015卷卷II64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment.作介词作介词without的宾语，要用动名词，故填的宾语，要用动名词，故填using。using5.(2015卷卷II66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day. 在作表语或补语的形容词后，只能用不定在作表语或补语的形容词后，只能用不定式作状语，故填式作状语，故填to cool。另外，。另外，“形容词形容词/副词副词+ enough to do sth. (够够可以做某可以做某事事)”可看作固定搭配。可看作固定搭配。to cool6.(2014卷卷I65) But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. it takes some time to do sth.句型，用不定句型，用不定式作真正的主语。式作真正的主语。to reduce7.(2014卷卷I68) While there are _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 在名词在名词stories前作定语，表示前作定语，表示“惊人的惊人的”，要用现在分词作形容词用，故填要用现在分词作形容词用，故填amazing。 amazing8.(2014卷卷II41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be) late for school. 在介词在介词(about)后作宾语，动词后作宾语，动词be应用动名应用动名词形式。词形式。being9.(2014卷卷II43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint).因因looked作作“看起来看起来”解是系动词，故作解是系动词，故作形容词用的过去分词形容词用的过去分词disappointed作表语，作表语，表示表示“感到失望的感到失望的”。disappointed10.(2014卷卷II46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _(stop) until we reached the next stop. 表示表示“拒绝做某事拒绝做某事”，是，是refuse to do sth.。11.(2014卷卷II47) Still, the boy kept _ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 表示表示“继续继续/一直做某事一直做某事”，是，是keep doing sth.。to stopriding12.(2014样卷样卷3) I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre _(go).作表语用形容词，表示作表语用形容词，表示“不见了不见了”，故填，故填gone。 gone13.(2014样卷样卷5)Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen earlier.Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished _ (make) them, so he couldnt have done it.表示表示“做完做完”是是finish doing，故填，故填making。 making思路点拨思路点拨 当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式形式(doing, done, to do)。详见考点归纳。详见考点归纳。考点归纳考点归纳1.作主语作主语(1)作主语通常用动名词作主语通常用动名词(一般一般)或不定式形式或不定式形式(具体具体)。如：。如： _(smoke) may cause cancer, so you should give it up.解析：解析：在谓语在谓语may cause 前面一定是作主语，前面一定是作主语，“吸烟可能导致癌症吸烟可能导致癌症”是一般情况，故填是一般情况，故填Smoking，注意句首第一个单词的第一个字，注意句首第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。母要大写。SmokingIt is clear that _ (finish) this task will take a long time.解析：解析：完成这项任务是一次具体的情完成这项任务是一次具体的情况，故用不定式较好，填况，故用不定式较好，填to finish。to finish(2)用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。请用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。请熟记：如真题再练第熟记：如真题再练第6题题(it takes some time to do sth.)。熟记下列固定句式：。熟记下列固定句式： It takes me about two hours to finish all my homework every day. 我每天做完所有作我每天做完所有作业需要大约两小时。业需要大约两小时。 It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings. 经常有人提经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。 Its very kind of you to tell me the truth.你真好，告诉我真相。你真好，告诉我真相。 Its no use quarrelling about it. We are all in the same boat.为此事争吵是为此事争吵是没有用的，我们处境相同。没有用的，我们处境相同。 2.作宾语作宾语(1)在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。如在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。如真题再练第真题再练第4题和第题和第8题。有的短语中题。有的短语中的的to是介词而不是不定式符号，后面接动是介词而不是不定式符号，后面接动词时用动名词，最有可能考的有词时用动名词，最有可能考的有6个，请个，请牢记：牢记：be used to doing sth.习惯做某事习惯做某事be accustomed to doing sth.习惯做某事习惯做某事be devoted to doing sth.致力于做某事致力于做某事devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事致力于做某事look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事盼望做某事object to doing sth.反对做某事反对做某事(2) 只能接不定式的动词或短语动词。只能接不定式的动词或短语动词。如真题再练第如真题再练第10题。以下题。以下18条考条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：记：汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1 决定做某事决定做某事_ to do sth.2 拒绝干某事拒绝干某事_ to do sth.3 同意做某事同意做某事_ to do sth.4 希望做某事希望做某事_ to do sth.5 计划做某事计划做某事_ to do sth.6 打算做某事打算做某事_ to do sth.deciderefuseagreehopeplanintend 汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配7能够做某事能够做某事_ to do sth.8碰巧做某事碰巧做某事_ to do sth.9想做某事想做某事_ to do sth.10 假装做某事假装做某事_ to do sth.11 提出要做某事提出要做某事_ to do sth.12 努力做成某事努力做成某事_ to do sth.affordhappenwantpretendoffermanage汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配13 能够做某事能够做某事_ to do sth.14 碰巧做某事碰巧做某事_ to do sth.15 想做某事想做某事_ to do sth.16 假装做某事假装做某事_ to do sth.17 提出要做某事提出要做某事 _ to do sth.18 努力做成某事努力做成某事 _ to do sth.would loveget readycant waittry ones bestmake an attemptmake up ones mind(3)只能接动名词的动词或短语动词。只能接动名词的动词或短语动词。如真题再练第如真题再练第11和和13题。以下题。以下22条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：熟读牢记：汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1 喜爱做某事喜爱做某事_ doing sth.2 完成某事完成某事_ doing sth.3 讨厌做某事讨厌做某事_ doing sth.4 介意做某事介意做某事_ doing sth.5 练习做某事练习做某事_ doing sth.6 持续做某事持续做某事_ doing sth.7 允许做某事允许做某事_ doing sth.enjoyfinishdislikemindpractisekeeppermit/allow汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配8承认做某事承认做某事_ doing sth.9考虑做某事考虑做某事_ doing sth.10 建议做某事建议做某事_ doing sth.11 避免做某事避免做某事_ doing sth.12 不怕做某事不怕做某事_ doing sth.13 想象做某事想象做某事_ doing sth.14 想做某事想做某事_ doing sth.15 放弃做某事放弃做某事_ doing sth.admitconsider suggest/adviseescaperiskimaginefeel likegive up汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配16 推迟做某事推迟做某事_ doing sth.17 继续做某事继续做某事_ doing sth.18 反复做某事反复做某事_ doing sth.19 坚持做某事坚持做某事_ doing sth.20 忙于做某事忙于做某事_ doing sth.21 某事值得做某事值得做sth._ doing 22 不能忍受做某事不能忍受做某事 _ doing sth.put offcarry onkeep oninsist onbe busybe worthcant stand(4) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语动词也必须注意，常的动词或短语动词也必须注意，常见的有见的有8组，请根据汉语意思，用规组，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：记：汉语汉语意思意思英文英文搭配搭配汉语汉语意思意思英文英文搭配搭配1 停止做停止做某某 事事_ doing sth.停下来去停下来去做某事做某事_ to do sth.2 试着做试着做某某 事事_ doing sth.努力做努力做某某 事事_ to do sth.3 意味着意味着做某事做某事_ doing sth.打算做打算做某某 事事_ to do sth.4 忘记做忘记做过某事过某事_ doing sth.忘记做忘记做某某 事事_ to do sth.stopstoptrytrymeanmeanforgetforget 汉语汉语意思意思英文英文搭配搭配汉语汉语意思意思英文英文搭配搭配5 记得做记得做过某事过某事_ doing sth.记得要记得要做某事做某事_ to do sth.6 后悔做后悔做过某事过某事_ doing sth.遗憾地遗憾地做某事做某事_ to do sth.7 继续做继续做(同一事同一事)_ doing sth.接着做接着做(另另一事一事)_ to do sth.8 情不自禁情不自禁做做 某某 事事_ doing sth.不能帮助不能帮助做做 某某 事事_ to do sth.rememberrememberregretregretgo ongo oncant helpcant help3.作定语作定语 要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现在分词系用现在分词(如真题再练第如真题再练第2题题)，是，是被动关系就用过去分词被动关系就用过去分词(如真题再练第如真题再练第1、3题题)。若是表示未来的情况。若是表示未来的情况(发生在谓语发生在谓语动词之后动词之后)或表示或表示“有有要要”用动词用动词不定式，在最高级或不定式，在最高级或“序数词序数词(+名词名词)”后或后或在在ability, chance, way等抽象名词后作定语等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。如：也要用不定式。如： I borrowed some books _ (read) during my holiday.解析：解析：因因“阅读阅读”在在“借书借书”之后，即之后，即表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填to read。to read He told me that he had a composition _ (write).解析解析：“有一篇作文要写有一篇作文要写”，即，即“有有要要”表示未来，故用不定式作定语，表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填填to write。to writeJack, a hard-working student, is always the first _(come) to school and the last to leave. 解析：解析：序数词后用不定式作定语，序数词后用不定式作定语，故填故填to come。to come Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen _(win) a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5, 2015. 解析：解析：在在“序数词序数词+名词名词”后用不定式后用不定式作定语，故填作定语，故填to win。to win Happiness is the ability _ (make) the most of what we have.解析：解析：在抽象名词在抽象名词ability后，表示后，表示“做某事做某事的能力的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填，用不定式作定语，故填to make。 If I were you, I should seize the chance _ (practise) speaking English. 解析：解析：在抽象名词在抽象名词chance后，表示后，表示“做某事做某事的机会的机会”，用不定式作定语，故填，用不定式作定语，故填to practise。to maketo practise We found a way _ (solve) this problem. 解析：解析：在抽象名词在抽象名词way后，表示后，表示“做某做某事的方法事的方法”，用不定式作定语，故填，用不定式作定语，故填to solve。to solve4.作状语作状语(1) 在形容词后作状语用不定式。如在形容词后作状语用不定式。如 真题再练真题再练第第5题题(cold enough to do sth.)。又如。又如:She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (2009广东卷广东卷)解析：解析：因句中已有谓语因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语系动词加表语构成谓语构成谓语)，动词，动词please(使高兴使高兴)应为非谓语动词；应为非谓语动词；在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to please。to please(2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。如：作目的状语也只能用不定式。如：Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _(sell) the wood. (2015广东卷广东卷)解析：解析：因句中已有谓语因句中已有谓语started，而，而sell前没前没有并列连词，所以有并列连词，所以sell为非谓语动词；又因为非谓语动词；又因“卖木料卖木料”是是“砍树砍树”的目的，故用不定式的目的，故用不定式to sell。to sell(3) 作伴随状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系，作伴随状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词用现在分词(主动主动)或过去分词或过去分词(被动被动)。如：。如：Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sunglasses. (2012广东卷广东卷)解析：解析：因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词appeared，动词，动词wear前又没有并列连词，所以前又没有并列连词，所以wear应是非谓应是非谓语动词；又因语动词；又因he与与wear是主动关系，故用现是主动关系，故用现在分词在分词wearing作状语，表示伴随情况。作状语，表示伴随情况。wearing _ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 解析：解析：因因satisfy(使使满意满意)与与the teacher在在逻辑上有动宾关系，即逻辑上有动宾关系，即the teacher与与satisfy是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示原是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示原因，填因，填Satisfied。句意：由于老师对他所做。句意：由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。Satisfied _(tell) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 解析：解析：因因tell与与Li Lei在逻辑上有动宾关系，在逻辑上有动宾关系，即即Li Lei与与tell是被动关系，故用过去分词是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示时间，填作状语，表示时间，填Told。句意：当李。句意：当李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。Told5. 作补语作补语(1) 要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动主动)或过去分词或过去分词(被动被动)。如：。如： I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _(sit) at the front. (2011广东卷广东卷)解析：解析：因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词noticed，且，且sit前没有前没有并列连词，因此，并列连词，因此，sit是非谓语动词；是非谓语动词；a man与与sit是是主动关系，故用现在分词，填主动关系，故用现在分词，填sitting。也可由固定。也可由固定句式句式notice sb. doing / do sth.(注意到某人在做注意到某人在做 / 做做了某事了某事)可知，填可知，填sitting或或sit，但根据语境，可知，但根据语境，可知作者作者“注意到注意到”时，那个人时，那个人“正坐在正坐在”作者前面，作者前面，故填故填sitting更准确、更生动。更准确、更生动。 sitting这类句型还有：这类句型还有：see /watch / observe / hear sb. doing sth.看看见见/观看观看/观察到观察到/听到某人正在做某事听到某人正在做某事see /watch / observe / hear sb. do sth.看见看见/观看观看/观察到观察到/听到某人做某事听到某人做某事(全过程全过程)find /feel /catch sb. doing sth.发现发现/感觉感觉/撞撞见某人在做某事见某人在做某事let /make /have sb. do sth.让让/使某人做某事使某人做某事While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car (2007广东卷广东卷)解析：解析：因句中已有谓语因句中已有谓语was getting，所以，所以settle应应为非谓语动词；又由为非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into / in / on(使某使某人舒服地处于某处人舒服地处于某处)可知，可知，me与与settle是被动关系，是被动关系，要用过去分词作宾补，故填要用过去分词作宾补，故填settled。另外，过去。另外，过去分词作宾补的固定搭配还有分词作宾补的固定搭配还有make oneself heard /understood (使自己的话被人听到使自己的话被人听到/理解理解)等。等。settled(2) 用不定式作宾补的固定搭配用不定式作宾补的固定搭配很多，但最可能考的且在写作中很多，但最可能考的且在写作中很可能会用到的有以下很可能会用到的有以下22个，请个，请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：熟读牢记：汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.2 恳求某人做某事恳求某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.3 邀请某人干某事邀请某人干某事 _ sb. to do sth.4 叫某人做某事叫某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.5 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.6 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.7 激励某人做某事激励某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.8 敦促某人做某事敦促某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.askbeginvitetellremindencourageinspireurge汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配9要求某人做某事要求某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.10 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.11 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.12 指派某人做某事指派某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.13 导致某人做某事导致某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.14 强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.15 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.16 警告某人做某事警告某人做某事 _ sb. to do sth.require /requestadviseconvince /persuadeappointcauseforcepromisewarn汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配17 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.18 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.19 希望某人做某事希望某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.20 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.21 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.22 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事_ sb. to do sth.would like/wantwait forallow/permitforbid /prohibitwish /desire/ expectcall on 6. 情感类动词的分词形容词情感类动词的分词形容词作形容词用的情感类作形容词用的情感类ing分词分词(令人令人的的)与与ed分词分词(感到感到的的)的差别。如的差别。如真题再练第真题再练第7和和9题。这类词中最题。这类词中最可能考的有可能考的有25对，请用规范工整的英对，请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：见书见书P1147. 固定句式中的非谓语动词固定句式中的非谓语动词汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1感谢某人做了某事感谢某人做了某事 _ sb. _ doing sth. 2表扬某人做了某事表扬某人做了某事 _ sb. _ doing sth.3责备某人做了某事责备某人做了某事 _ sb. _ doing sth. 4责骂某人做了某事责骂某人做了某事 _ sb. _ doing sth.5处罚某人做了某事处罚某人做了某事 _ sb. _ doing sth. thankpraiseblamescoldpunishforforforforfor汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配6感谢某人做了感谢某人做了某事某事_ sb. _ doing sth. 7最好做某事最好做某事_8何不做何不做呢？呢？_9怎么样？怎么样？_10 一般说来一般说来_11 根据根据来看来看_forhad better do sth.Why not do sth.?How /What about doing sth.?generally speakingjudging fromexcuse/forgive 汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配12 (情况情况)更糟糕的更糟糕的是是_13 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 _ sb. _ doing sth.14 在做某事方面花在做某事方面花费时间或金钱费时间或金钱_time or money (in) doing sth.15 在做某事方面浪在做某事方面浪费时间或金钱费时间或金钱_ time or money (in) doing sth.16 在做某事方面有在做某事方面有困难困难_ some difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth.to make/matters things worseprevent /stop /keepfromspend waste have 8. 其他：其他：作形容词的特殊分词作形容词的特殊分词(gone离去的，已去的，丢失的；离去的，已去的，丢失的；missing不见的不见的)。如真题再练第。如真题再练第12题。题。考点练透考点练透在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。确形式，并说明理由。1. I am writing this letter _ (invite) you to come with us.此处动词不定式作目的状语。此处动词不定式作目的状语。to invite2. There will be many wonderful performances _ (present) by the teachers and the students in our school.因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词will be, 所以所以present 此处应为非谓语动词，又因此处应为非谓语动词，又因performances 与与present 是被动关系，加之有是被动关系，加之有by的提示，的提示，可知用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填可知用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填presented。presented3. I felt quite _(excite) after hearing the _ (excite) news.第一空是指第一空是指“人人”感到兴奋的，故用感到兴奋的，故用excited, 第二空是指令人兴奋的消息，修饰的是物，第二空是指令人兴奋的消息，修饰的是物，故用故用exciting。4. We are eagerly looking forward to _ (receive) your reply and your decision.此处的此处的to 是介词是介词, 故用动名词构成介宾结构。故用动名词构成介宾结构。receivingexcitedexciting5. I am extremely _ (delight) to learn that you want a part-time editor.此处用形容词作表语，因为是此处用形容词作表语，因为是“人人”感到高感到高兴的，故用兴的，故用delighted。 6. I am confronted with many problems in English study and especially I have trouble _ (master) the grammatical rules.此处固定搭配此处固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth. 表表示做某事有困难。示做某事有困难。masteringdelighted7. _ (play) football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.此处缺主语，故用动名词短语此处缺主语，故用动名词短语Playing football 作主语。作主语。8. Whats worse, I find it quite hard _ (take) notes in classes because I cant follow the teachers words.句中句中it 是形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。是形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。Playingto take9. _(see) a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词reached, 所以所以see应该用非谓语应该用非谓语形式，且形式，且see 与逻辑主语与逻辑主语I 是主动关系，故用现在是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。分词短语作状语。10. The lecture, _(start) at 7:00 p.m. last night, was given by a famous professor.句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词was given, 所以所以start此处应该此处应该用非谓语形式，且与用非谓语形式，且与lecture是主动关系，故用现是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。在分词短语作后置定语。Seeingstarting11. Last week, I took part in an English speech contest _ (hold) in our school.因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词, 所以所以hold此处应为非谓此处应为非谓语动词语动词, 又因又因English speech contest 与与hold 是是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。12. Although I spent a lot of time _ (learn) English, I did not make great progress.短语短语spenddoing sth.属于固定搭配。属于固定搭配。heldlearning13. Recently, we students planned _(go) to the nursing home _ (learn) more about the old there.第一空第一空plan后接动词不定式作宾语，第二空后接动词不定式作宾语，第二空用动词