2014年高考完形填空解题技巧.ppt

高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习-完形填空解题技巧指导完形填空解题技巧指导4.4.大多富有大多富有积极的教育意义积极的教育意义，给人以人生，给人以人生的的启迪启迪或是充满了生活情趣；或是充满了生活情趣；1.1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤: :很多考生一拿到很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，通篇文章，单纯求快单纯求快，忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多? ?切记切记: :一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间分钟时间先进行先进行缺词缺词阅读阅读, ,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空手逐个填空. .2. 2. 不注意不注意积累积累答题答题技巧技巧: : a.a.忽略文章忽略文章首句首句的提示作用；的提示作用； b.b.忽略文章中忽略文章中上下文之间的照应上下文之间的照应关系关系; ; c.c.遇到长句不注意遇到长句不注意分析句子结构分析句子结构, ,在在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择选择. . 3 3. .时间安排不当时间安排不当: :在几个选项上在几个选项上过分纠过分纠缠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。的题来不及做。切记切记: :正确的做法是正确的做法是由易到难由易到难，先做会做，先做会做 的，再考虑较难的。的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的题的可能的两项填入空格可能的两项填入空格, , 然后快速地整然后快速地整句整段地默读句整段地默读, , 选择某一项习惯或短语或选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的动宾搭配读起来较流畅的. .细读文章的第一句话细读文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Topic SentenceSentence），这就为我们理解文章的内），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个在联系提供了一个“窗口窗口”，它的句意，它的句意往往为往往为全文提供中心信息全文提供中心信息，能直接概括，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利争取开局胜利。 对于对于叙事，描述类叙事，描述类文章。短文的文章。短文的首句首句，往往点明故事发生的往往点明故事发生的人物人物(who),时间时间（when），地点），地点(where)，和事件，和事件(what)等背景等背景情况。例：情况。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 2010全国卷（全国卷（I） 对于对于论述文，首句表明了论述的论述文，首句表明了论述的主题主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：。起到揭示主题的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . . 2010全国卷（全国卷（II）词汇题词汇题高考完形填空高考完形填空考什么？考什么？篇章结构篇章结构(语境语境) 句际关系句际关系1.上下文和上下文和前后句的提示前后句的提示（复现、同（复现、同/近义词、反义词）近义词、反义词）词汇题词汇题 1.( 2010北京卷北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intentionopinions语境语境-原词重现原词重现2. (2010陕西卷）陕西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs语境语境-同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现3. Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .A hearing B health C eyesight D time4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous5. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor ,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.( NMET2000 ） A helpless B lazy C anxious D tiredD6. and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京）北京）A graduation B movement C separation D vacationA7The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 8The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabove 9In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time.44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an assistant10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky. 41. A. forward B. outward C. onward D. inward11.The art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(痕迹痕迹) of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45. A. try B. remove C. wash D. check1. （2010全国全国I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配take a 362.The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after 3. It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving4. Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京北京 春春 50小题）小题） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt5. , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第第30题题)A .doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 6.Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid37A. like B. as if C. so D. nor7.I called my beer Samuel Adams, 51 the brewer and patriot（爱国者）（爱国者）who helped to start the Boston Tea party.51A. for B. at C. in D. after 3. 3.根据词汇的根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义意义及用法辨析词义 1.(2010江苏卷江苏卷) My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 2.(2010全国全国I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析36 me tojust 54 the best of语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析4. The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A. on B. within C. in D. under A. running B. floating C. flowing D. pulling3. Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D.shout5 . Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as四个选项都可以表示时间。四个选项都可以表示时间。while强调一段时间强调一段时间内进行的动作，常与进行时连用；内进行的动作，常与进行时连用；till表示的是表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for表示的是表示的是动作持续了一段时间；动作持续了一段时间；as连接的是一个与谓语连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D，表示他，表示他一边向船靠近一边大声喊。一边向船靠近一边大声喊。1.Her face was familiar to me, but I could not r_ where and how I had seen her. 2.All at once I r_ where I had seen her. 3.Then I explained that I had r_ her from the photo I found in the purse. emeber ealizedecognized6. remember recognize realize7.The trainer decided it was useless trying to finish. He called to Trudy to 45 .45A. keep up B. slow down C. give up D. take up8.The forest began to disappear, which 53 all the animals dying out. 53. A. resulted in B. resulted from C. created D. lay in 4. 4.根据动作发出者确根据动作发出者确定所选的词定所选的词1. When the papers were_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered2. And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch3. Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _. A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh 只有只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕能够到太平洋捕鱼，因此第一个空答案鱼，因此第一个空答案A为。捕鱼用为。捕鱼用动词动词catch，第二个空答案为，第二个空答案为B。 5. 5.根据生活常识根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择及文化背景知识进行选择1. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding生活常识生活常识常识、背景知识常识、背景知识2. (2010福建福建)Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pused them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custorn B. games C .characters D. language 3. ,you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped byA.is coming B. is discovered C.is invented D. beginsthe international dateline是是国际日期变国际日期变更线更线，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，是人们所规定的，看不见，摸不着，但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答但是可以越过。它是新的一天开始的地方。答案分别为案分别为B 和和D5.In 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who _47_ in the university during the school year. 47. A. worked B. studied C. lived D. played6.Interest is rising in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods, and to get water from the winter snow on mountain 36 .36Arocks Btips Ctops Dtrees 4. The space is left to let the rail expand when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry1.1.语法手段语法手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段句际关系句际关系1.1.语法手段语法手段1.（2010 陕西卷）陕西卷） I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking. 33. A. it B. all C. him D. them语法语法-指代指代2.（2010天津卷）天津卷） “ As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether 语法语法-句型句型3. When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly,figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37题）题） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested4. I realized that_ I had done that I would have lost a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together.(2003 北京北京 春季春季 53题）题） A.before B.if C. while D. as5. As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me, （2003 北京北京 54题）题） A.he B. that C. who D.whoever 逻辑手段逻辑手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段让步关系让步关系转折关系转折关系因果关系因果关系解释关系解释关系顺序关系顺序关系并列关系并列关系 1.（2010江苏卷江苏卷) Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放的途径）（释放的途径）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or语境语境-转折关系、搭配转折关系、搭配 the smartest 2.（2010湖南卷湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy语境语境-同类并列关系同类并列关系 3.（2010安徽卷安徽卷) First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally语境语境-顺序关系顺序关系4. A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes5. At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out ofthe A.and B. or C. so D.then6. My main responsibility(职责）职责） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京北京 第第40题）题） A. or B. so C. but D. even7.The explorers found that the island had good soil 37 the 200 natives living there survived with little food. 37. A. and B. but C. however D. still8.Her father had promised her two things. One was not to pull her out of the water _ she asked. 36A. as B. unless C. even if D. when语篇理解语篇理解作者观点、态度作者观点、态度Life is very 55 , so dont rush to make decisions. Life doesnt let you plan.55A. hard B. busy C. short D. longDr. Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and followed many rainbows searching for her dream. With courage and _55_, she never gave up.55.A.determinationB. intelligence C. strengthD. prideThis is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble.40Adesire Binspire Cinfluence Dattitude小结：完型填空考查内容小结：完型填空考查内容 原词复现原词复现同义同义.近义复近义复现现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 让步关让步关系系 解释关系解释关系语法项目语法项目 顺序关系顺序关系 因果关系因果关系词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段语篇信息语篇信息（语境理解）（语境理解）反义词反义词为动作发出为动作发出者者作者观点、态度作者观点、态度注意注意上下文语境上下文语境了解了解常识背景常识背景掌握掌握习惯搭配习惯搭配运用运用词义辨析词义辨析运用运用语法分析语法分析运用运用逻辑分析逻辑分析运用运用排除法排除法解题过程中应做到解题过程中应做到实实 战战 演演 练练 Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep seaWithout my peace, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）（笑道）, You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so striking that no one gives another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out, I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love. Then came Purple and Indigo （深蓝）（深蓝）. The colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷缩蜷缩) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of the clamor （叫嚷）（叫嚷）, rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支（支配）配） 50 . Dont you know that you were each made for a special purpose, 51 ? Join hands with 52 and come to me. Doing as they were told, the colors 53 and joined hands. They formed a colorful rainbow. From then on, whenever a good rain 54 the world, a rainbow appears in the sky. They remember to 55 one another. Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep seaWithout my peace, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）（笑道）, You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world 36.A.stay B.leave C.go out D.die 37. A.earth B.moon C.star D.sun 38A.That is B.I am C.It is D.This is 39A.anything B.nothing C.something D.Everything40A.warmth B.sadness C.depression D.anxiety语境语境-词义词义语境语境-转折转折.对比对比.排除排除语法语法-强调句强调句语境语境-词义词义语境语境-同类并列同类并列 Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so striking that no one gives another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out, I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.41.A.usual B.normal C.common D.scarce42A.at midnight B.at noon or at night C.at sunrise or sunset D.during the day 43A.gift B.honor C.thought D.respect 44A.for more B.any more C.very much D.no longer45A.turn to B.fight for C.struggle with D.bend over语境语境-转折对比转折对比语境语境-常识常识语境语境-搭配搭配语境语境-搭配搭配语境语境-词义词义gives another43 tocould stand it 44 Then came Purple and Indigo （深蓝）（深蓝）. The colors went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷缩蜷缩) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of the clamor （叫（叫嚷）嚷）, rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支配）（支配） 50 . 46A.superiority B.disadvantages C. reputation D.weakness 47.A.gently B.quietly C.violently D.peacefully 48A.with care B.in fear C.by chance D.on purpose49A.among B.by C.for D.against 50A.others B.themselves C.the other D.the rest语境语境-近义词再现近义词再现语境语境-词义词义.常识常识语境语境-词义词义语境语境-搭配搭配语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析 Dont you know that you were each made for a special purpose, 51 ? Join hands with 52 and come to me. Doing as they were told, the colors 53 and joined hands. They