高一定语从句之关系代词.ppt
先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.1.起起连接作用连接作用，连接主句和从句，连接主句和从句2.2.必定在所引导的从句中担当成分必定在所引导的从句中担当成分，如主语，宾语，如主语，宾语， 表语，定语；状语。表语，定语；状语。先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系代词 which -先行词指物，指物，which在从句中从句中充当主语或宾语主语或宾语的成分。The trees are behind the office building. They have lost their leaves.The trees have lost their leaves.which are behind the office building which 在从句中做主语，先行词在从句中做主语，先行词tree指物指物The school uniform isnt fit for me.My teacher gave the school uniform to me. The school uniform isnt fit for me.which 在从句中做在从句中做gave宾语，宾语，先行词先行词school uniform指物指物which my teacher gave to methatthat-先行词既可指人，也可指物既可指人，也可指物，that在从句中担当主语，宾语或表语主语，宾语或表语的成分。The man is talking with your mom. Do you know the man? Do you know the man that is talking with your mom?I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake.I made the cake.He is no longer He is no longer the boy.the boy.He used to beHe used to be the boy.the boy.He is no longer the boy that he used to be. That和和which在在指物指物的情况下一般都的情况下一般都可以互换可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 只能用只能用that。1.先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow.2 当先行词中有人又有物时。当先行词中有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they aretalking about?3 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine. 4.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book that he has read.5.先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.6.当主句为当主句为who,which引导的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，引导的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，关系代词用关系代词用that。Which is the room that he stayed in last week?7.关系代词在定语从句中做关系代词在定语从句中做to be的表语时，只能使用的表语时，只能使用thatHe is no longer the boy that he used to be.who-先行词必须是人是人，who在从句中做主语主语成分。The man is talking with your mom. Do you know the man? Do you know the man who is talking with your mom?注意：注意：在口语和非正式用语中，在口语和非正式用语中，whowho也可在也可在从句中担当宾语成分。但是不能用在介词之后。从句中担当宾语成分。但是不能用在介词之后。whom-先行词必须是人，whom在从句中做宾语成分。We saw the student just now.He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.that和who都可指人，什么时候只能用who呢？先行词为those,anyone,one,the onethose,anyone,one,the one 等不定代词，并且指人指人时，且关系词要在从句中做在从句中做主语主语时时，关系词只能用who，不用that。Those are devoted to helping the poor should be respected by all of us.whowhose-先行词既可是人，也可是物既可是人，也可是物；whose在从句中担当定语定语的成分。I sat next to a girl.The girls name was Diana. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.The book is mine.The books cover is red.The book whose cover is red is mine.The book whose cover is red is mine.The book the cover of which is red is mine.of which the cover I have a friend whose son is fond of making sculptures.I have a friend is fond of making sculptures.注意：whosewhose引导定语从句时，可以转换成其引导定语从句时，可以转换成其他的表达方法。他的表达方法。指人时，指人时，whose= whose= thethe+ +名词名词+of whom+of whom； of whom + the+ of whom + the+名词名词指物时，指物时，whose= whose= thethe+ +名词名词+of which+of which； of which +the+ of which +the+名词名词关系代词as既可指人，也可指物；在从句中做主语，宾语，或表语的成分。特殊之处特殊之处：先行词前往往有：先行词前往往有the same,so,such,asthe same,so,such,as来修饰。来修饰。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.This is such a difficult problem as I cant solve.This is the same book that I lost yesterday.相似的事物相似的事物同一事物同一事物This is such a difficult problem that I cant solve it. This is so heavy a bag I cant lift it.This is so heavy a bay I cant lift.It is such an interesting book we all like.It is such an interesting book we all like it.关系代词的省略当关系代词当关系代词whichwhich，thatthat，whowho，whomwhom在从句中充当在从句中充当宾语宾语成分是，是可以省略的。成分是，是可以省略的。The school uniform which/that my teacher gave to me isnt fit for me.定语从句中的主谓一致关系Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧紧的跟在所修饰的先行词后，定语从句一般紧紧的跟在所修饰的先行词后，然而在使用中，有时从句和先行词之间会谓然而在使用中，有时从句和先行词之间会谓语或状语等被隔开，这就是分隔式定语从句。语或状语等被隔开，这就是分隔式定语从句。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.The day was gone which we spent playing lightheartedlly.All is not gold that glitters.解题技巧-瞻前顾后瞻前瞻前-观察先行词是指人还是指物，缩小选观察先行词是指人还是指物，缩小选 择范围择范围顾后顾后-分析关系词到底在句中充当什么成分，分析关系词到底在句中充当什么成分，判断是用关系代词还是关系副词。判断是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词关系代词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语as人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语1.The girl _is standing who/thatThe scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. He lives in the house. The windows of the house face south. He lives in the house whose windows face south.
