2021年GRE考试模拟卷（3）.docx

2021年GRE考试模拟卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The medias depiction of America as a drug-ridden society is not only -, but leads to bad policy, for the tendency of some leaders to conflate both innocuous and serious drug abuse into - and dreadful statistic is often motivated by nothing more than paranoia.A(A) contemptuous . an accurateB(B) dishonest . a secretC(C) resilient . a realisticD(D) inaccurate . a singleE(E) remorseful . a unified 2.According to the passage, the optical anatomy of Bythograea thermydrons acquires which of the following features as it grows from larva to an adult . A higher sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light. An enhanced ability to form images. A greater range of spectral absorbanceA(A) onlyB(B) onlyC(C) and onlyD(D) and onlyE(E) , and 3.位于非洲的甲国和乙国爆发战争，丙国宣布战时中立，丙国作为战时中立的国家，下列哪一项不是丙国的权利或义务_A禁止甲国和乙国的军舰在丙国的领海内进行拿捕和临检等敌对行为B甲国和乙国不得以丙国口岸或中立水域为海战根据地攻击敌人C甲乙两国的军舰及其捕获物，不得在丙国领海内通过，非因风浪、缺少燃料等必要事由，不得在丙国口岸内停泊D丙国必须在对外关系中承担永久中立的义务4.Crosbys recent study of American historical demography is blithely based on the reconstitution of the records of single parishes, a method that often excludes migrants. Moreover, it is troublesome for historians to obtain information on the birthdates of people who relocated to the parish, and equally difficult to follow those who had migrated to new places of residence. Thus, the exclusion of migrants also followed from the way spatial units were once conceived by the parishioners themselves, a stable and unchanging pre-modern countryside of interchangeable towns unlike "modern" flows to cities. As a result, migration was improperly assumed to be irrelevant because the small units in the countryside were interchangeable and migrants into a parish could thus stand as a proxy for those who had left. In any case, it was thought that migration in the countryside was repetitive and occurred only in response to life course events, such as finding a spouse, and thus, like the parishioners themselves, Crosby complacently equates the demographics of migrants to those of more sedimentary populations.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.Asummarizing the findings of a studyBplacing new research within its historical contextCevaluating the methodology of a historianDcomparing various demographical techniquesEestablishing categories 5.As the political consequences of Nazism and the liberal tone of the postwar world proved inhospitable to Darwinist thinking, so the disintegration of the postwar order, the end of traditional leftwing politics, a growing social conservatism and disillusionment with the idea of social progress has led to its return. As anthropologist Foley expounded, the history of the twentieth century has transformed our vision of humanity, leading to a loss of confidence in the notion that humans may be raised on a taxonomical pedestal above the swamp of animal brutishness. In deriding any social explanation of human behavior, and implying that emotions are biologically shaped, hence universal, scientists have come to odds with cultural anthropologists, who ridicule any biological interpretation of human behavior and view humans in strictly cultural terms. There is convincing evidence that the anthropologists are correct, for even something as fundamental as an emotion is far more than simply an evolutionary trait, given that only some emotions-anger, disgust, sadness, enjoyment and fear-are known to be universal, while others, such as jealousy and envy, vary in their expression and are arguably not emotions at all. Even emotions known to be universal cannot be regarded as simply "natural", given that the evocation of a particular emotion is both culturally and historically specific. The connotation of anger or sadness and the elicitors of these emotions may vary across cultures and throughout human history. There.are also culturally bound "display rules", often unconscious, which dictate the means or time of displaying emotion. For instance, Japanese and American students are privately shown very similar emotions in response to similar stimuli, but their public expressions are far from identical, a fact that may owe to the Japanese cultural tendency of remaining demure in public expression.Even more contentious is the question of what emotions animals possess, of whether they are aware of such emotions, and of the relationship between animal responses and human emotions. The way of responding to these debates depends as much upon ones philosophical inciinations as on the facts: scientists philosophically disposed to minimize the gap between humans and animals are more likely to perceive animals as having emotions, as being aware of them, while those anthropologists who seek an unbridgeable gap between humanity and lower life forms are likely to see appreciable differences between human emotions and animal responses. Thus, the scientific idea of the human is not simply an objective truth, but shaped by wider issues such as the prevailing ideas of progress, notions of racial difference, and the comprehension of the relationship between Man and Nature. All that may safely be concluded is that what constitutes a human is not only innate, but also nurtured.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with_.Arefuting the notion that emotions are socially constructedBdelineating the difference between relative and universal behaviorCdescribing how anthropologists identify emotions in foreign culturesDmeasuring the extent to which emotions can be equated with evolutionary traitsEcomparing how emotions are expressed in various cultures 6.Crosbys recent study of American historical demography is blithely based on the reconstitution of the records of single parishes, a method that often excludes migrants. Moreover, it is troublesome for historians to obtain information on the birthdates of people who relocated to the parish, and equally difficult to follow those who had migrated to new places of residence. Thus, the exclusion of migrants also followed from the way spatial units were once conceived by the parishioners themselves, a stable and unchanging pre-modern countryside of interchangeable towns unlike "modern" flows to cities. As a result, migration was improperly assumed to be irrelevant because the small units in the countryside were interchangeable and migrants into a parish could thus stand as a proxy for those who had left. In any case, it was thought that migration in the countryside was repetitive and occurred only in response to life course events, such as finding a spouse, and thus, like the parishioners themselves, Crosby complacently equates the demographics of migrants to those of more sedimentary populations.According to the passage, early American parishioners held which of the following views concerning parish demographyAMigration between towns stands in direct contrast with the accumulation of population in cities.BParish populations would grow at fairly equal rates, given the fact that those who left a parish in response to life course events were usually replaced.CMigration between parishes was a rare enough phenomenon that it was unnecessary to keep records of it in any fashion.DParish populations often chose to remain sedimentary as a result of the homogeneity of the various countryside parishes.EParish populations owed their existence on the whole to the influx of populations due to life course events. 7.As the political consequences of Nazism and the liberal tone of the postwar world proved inhospitable to Darwinist thinking, so the disintegration of the postwar order, the end of traditional leftwing politics, a growing social conservatism and disillusionment with the idea of social progress has led to its return. As anthropologist Foley expounded, the history of the twentieth century has transformed our vision of humanity, leading to a loss of confidence in the notion that humans may be raised on a taxonomical pedestal above the swamp of animal brutishness. In deriding any social explanation of human behavior, and implying that emotions are biologically shaped, hence universal, scientists have come to odds with cultural anthropologists, who ridicule any biological interpretation of human behavior and view humans in strictly cultural terms. There is convincing evidence that the anthropologists are correct, for even something as fundamental as an emotion is far more than simply an evolutionary trait, given that only some emotions-anger, disgust, sadness, enjoyment and fear-are known to be universal, while others, such as jealousy and envy, vary in their expression and are arguably not emotions at all. Even emotions known to be universal cannot be regarded as simply "natural", given that the evocation of a particular emotion is both culturally and historically specific. The connotation of anger or sadness and the elicitors of these emotions may vary across cultures and throughout human history. There.are also culturally bound "display rules", often unconscious, which dictate the means or time of displaying emotion. For instance, Japanese and American students are privately shown very similar emotions in response to similar stimuli, but their public expressions are far from identical, a fact that may owe to the Japanese cultural tendency of remaining demure in public expression.Even more contentious is the question of what emotions animals possess, of whether they are aware of such emotions, and of the relationship between animal responses and human emotions. The way of responding to these debates depends as much upon ones philosophical inciinations as on the facts: scientists philosophically disposed to minimize the gap between humans and animals are more likely to perceive animals as having emotions, as being aware of them, while those anthropologists who seek an unbridgeable gap between humanity and lower life forms are likely to see appreciable differences between human emotions and animal responses. Thus, the scientific idea of the human is not simply an objective truth, but shaped by wider issues such as the prevailing ideas of progress, notions of racial difference, and the comprehension of the relationship between Man and Nature. All that may safely be concluded is that what constitutes a human is not only innate, but also nurtured.According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning the cultural ermination of emotionsAEmotional expression varies between individuals to a significantly greater extent than it does between cultures.BNeither anthropologists nor Darwinists have successfully established a scientific method for comparing one emotion with another.CThe cause of the emotion may vary from one historical time or geographical place to another.DIt is impossible to say whether any given emotion is in fact an emotion, or merely a biological response.EIt is difficult to distinguish between culturally-acquired emotions and innate ones determined by biology. 8.Crosbys recent study of American historical demography is blithely based on the reconstitution of the records of single parishes, a method that often excludes migrants. Moreover, it is troublesome for historians to obtain information on the birthdates of people who relocated to the parish, and equally difficult to follow those who had migrated to new places of residence. Thus, the exclusion of migrants also followed from the way spatial units were once conceived by the parishioners themselves, a stable and unchanging pre-modern countryside of interchangeable towns unlike "modern" flows to cities. As a result, migration was improperly assumed to be irrelevant because the small units in the countryside were interchangeable and migrants into a parish could thus stand as a proxy for those who had left. In any case, it was thought that migration in the countryside was repetitive and occurred only in response to life course events, such as finding a spouse, and thus, like the parishioners themselves, Crosby complacently equates the demographics of migrants to those of more sedimentary populations.According to the passage, Crosby has made which of the following assumptions concerning historical means of demographyAMigration is in most cases dictated by life course events as opposed to the economic factors that contribute to the development of cities.BPopulation growth tends not to affect the availability of proxies for replacing emigrants from population centers.CSedimentary populations are more historically significant than nomadic or migratory ones.DIt is permissible to rely upon a single source of information in studying population movement patterns.EMigration can be disregarded as a demographic pattern in historical contexts prior to the development of large cities. 9.As the political consequences of Nazism and the liberal tone of the postwar world proved inhospitable to Darwinist thinking, so the disintegration of the postwar order, the end of traditional leftwing politics, a growing social conservatism and disillusionment with the idea of social progress has led to its return. As anthropologist Foley expounded, the history of the twentieth century has transformed our vision of humanity, leading to a loss of confidence in the notion that humans may be raised on a taxonomical pedestal above the swamp of animal brutishness. In deriding any social explanation of human behavior, and implying that emotions are biologically shaped, hence universal, scientists have come to odds with cultural anthropologists, who ridicule any biological interpretation of human behavior and view humans in strictly cultural terms. There is convincing evidence that the anthropologists are correct, for even something as fundamental as an emotion is far more than simply an evolutionary trait, given that only some emotions-anger, disgust, sadness, enjoyment and fear-are known to be universal, while others, such as jealousy and envy, vary in their expression and are arguably not emotions at all. Even emotions known to be universal cannot be regarded as simply "natural", given that the evocation of a particular emotion is both culturally and historically specific. The connotation of anger or sadness and the elicitors of these emotions may vary across cultures and throughout human history. There.are also culturally bound "display rules", often unconscious, which dictate the means or time of displaying emotion. For instance, Japanese and American students are privately shown very similar emotions in response to similar stimuli, but their public expressions are far from identical, a f