2021山西在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（9）.docx

2021山西在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage Two When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not. Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But mans societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have. It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now mans societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units. The units may be "secondary"machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable (耐用的) materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle. Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.Even most imaginative people have to admit that _ . Ahuman societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsBplanets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayCit is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyDorganisms are more creative than machines 2.Passage One Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, todays international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 years before the first world war saw large cross-border flows of goods, capital and people. That period of globalization, like the present one, was driven by reductions in trade barriers and by sharp falls in transport costs, thanks to the development of railways and steamships. The present surge of globalization is in a way, a resumption (恢复) of that previous trend. The earlier attempt at globalization ended abruptly with the first world war, after which the world moved into a period of fierce trade protectionism and tight restrictions on capital movement. During the early 1930s, America sharply increased its tariffs, and other countries retaliated (报复), making the Great Depression even greater. The volume of world trade fell sharply. International capital flows virtually dried up in the interwar period as governments imposed controls to try to insulate (隔离) their economies from the impact of a global slump. Capital controls were maintained after the second world war, as the victors decided to keep their exchange rates fixed on arrangement known as the Bretton Woods System, named after the American town in which it was approved. But the big economic powers also agreed that reducing trade barriers was vital to recovery. They set up the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which organized a series of negotiations that gradually reduced import tariffs. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Trade flourished. In the early 1970s, the Bretton Woods System collapsed and currencies were allowed to float against one another at whatever rates the markets set. This signaled the rebirth of global capital market. America and Germany quickly stopped trying to control the inflow and outflow of capital, Britain abolished capital controls in 1979 and Japan (mostly) in 1980. This is part of the reason why continental Europeans tend to worry more about the power of global capital markets. America has been exposed to them for much longer. Two forces have been driving these increased flows of goods and money. The first is technology. With the costs of communication and computing falling rapidly, the natural barriers of time and space that separate national markets have been falling too. The second driving force has been liberalization. As a result of both the GATT negotiations and unilateral (单方面的，单边的) decisions, almost all countries have lowered barriers to foreign trade. Most countries have welcomed international capital as well.The global capital market didnt flourish until _ . Athe Bretton Woods system was establishedBthe Bretton Woods system collapsedCGATT was set up to reduce import tariffsDGATT was replaced by WTO 3.Passage Three One of Microsofts cool people, is Patrick Blackburn. As a test manager for the Product Group, Blackburns job may sound routine; however, he says its anything but that. "Most people ,think of software testing as a mundane task of punching the keyboard like a monkey, trying to break the program," Blackburn says. "Part of that is true, but we write software programs called Monkeys to do that for us so that we dont have to hire real monkeys. Real monkeys are too difficult to manage and dont usually pass the personal hygiene criteria !" In reality, Blackburn says, testing responsibilities are very technically challenging and often include complete development cycles of their own. He spends most of his time coming up with creative incentives to convince his team to believe in schedules for products that dont yet exist, hiring great people to build strong teams, and pounding on the products to find bugs before the customer sees them. According to Blackburn, the most critical thing you can do to succeed at Microsoft is to focus on what you believe is important. "Its easy to get overwhelmed with everything going on around you, so first and foremost you need to stay focused," he says. "What you focus on needs to be something you firmly believe in so that youll pursue it and defend your mission with a passion. " He also thinks that one of the biggest differences between his co-workers at Microsoft and those at his former workplace is the sense of ownership and the impact on the business that everyone shares. "We hire people who tend to become personally attached to the products and the success of the company, and the environment really perpetuates this," Blackburn says. "Its much easier to motivate a team at Microsoft than any other company Ive been in. " One of the most difficult parts of Blackburns job is staying ahead of the people who report to him. "Because there are so many smart people and technology is changing so quickly, it is a constant challenge to keep up," he says. "I hope thats because I hire such great people!" To succeed, Blackburn uses time management tactics and allocates a specific amount of time to education. "My personal goal is to spend at least 20 percent of my time learning new things through formal and informal methods. "Why is it easier to motivate a team at Microsoft than any other company, according to Patrick Blackburn ABecause Microsoft offers higher salaries and more generous benefits than do other companies.BBecause Microsoft employs people who tend to be more motivated and ambitious.CBecause Microsoft provides equal opportunity to all employees.DBecause Microsoft creates an environment in which everyone has a sense of ownership and can have an impact. 4.Passage FourThe face of the 21st century is already growing in a laboratory. Getting a piece of the new look could soon be as simple as writing a cheque.Scientists in recent years have made giant leaps in the artificial production of skin, bones and tissue. While their research has been motivated by a desire to help accident and medical victims, their work is about to go commercial.The burgeoning (萌芽) cosmetic surgery market has snapped up the technological advances. By the turn of the 21st century, changing your face or improving your body will be limited not by your imagination or desire, but by the size of your bank account.And there is even work being clone on that, with the costs of cosmetic surgery being cut to make it affordable and accessible for the average woman and her partner.It’s no longer a vanity thing, it’s simply making use of the available technology to improve those parts of the body you might not be happy with, Cindy Clovetti, a Toronto-based skin and beauty care expert, said. People who 10 years ago said they would never use a computer and would never get a boob job (胸部整形手术) are now surfing the web getting the latest information for their next operation. Latest figures in the United States indicate the number of patients receiving cosmetic surgery in 12 months will top the magic million within two years (there were 850 000 last year), while the number of men seeking image-improving operations has increased 35 percent in the past four years.Breast implants are now very much a bread-and-butter job for many cosmetic surgeons and the big advances have been made in the development of bone implants which can produce instant high cheek bones, sculpture better shaped noses and ears and give men the chisel-shaped jaw that is always a sure-fire (必定成功的) chick-magnet (吸引女人的东西).British futurologist Ian Pearson speculates that by 2020, up to 96 percent of body weight will be replaceable with the brain being the only organ not interchangeable. By 2020 you could have a new face, or new skim. and by 2030 a fully working replacement body part. By the end of the 21st century, people will be able to get an entirely new body. Now the main business of many cosmetic surgeons is ().Abreast implantBbone structure improvementCfacial beautificationDskin replacement5. Customs officers at a London airport yesterday found $ 500 000 worth of drugs which were being smuggled into Britain in boxes marked "Urgent Medical Supplies. " The (51) might have suspected for some time that the drugs were being brought into the country in this way. The (52) is believed to be the work of a well-organized international group. Four men were arrested at the airport and held for questioning, (53) it is unlikely that they are organizers. In fact, they declared that they were (54) of what the boxes contained and had acted in good faith in bringing (55) into Britain. This is the third time in six months that attempts have been made to smuggle (56) goods through Customs by declaring them to be medical supplies. They are frequently (57) in special containers and a warning is given that they may be (58) if they are not handled with care. They are determined to put a (59) to this practice, said one of the Customs officers today. (60) is no way these people are going to get away with this any lon- ger. We have the full cooperation of the International Police who are as anxious as we are to track down the main source of supply. AallBitCthemDsuch 6.Passage Two When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not. Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But mans societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have. It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now mans societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units. The units may be "secondary"machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable (耐用的) materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle. Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.It seems that the writer _ . Ais interested in the imaginary life formsBis eager to find a different form of lifeCis certain of the existence of a new life formDis critical of the imaginative people 7.Passage One Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, todays international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 years before the first world war saw large cross-border flows of goods, capital and people. That period of globalization, like