初中英语口语能力培养.ppt

初中英语口语能力的培养初中英语口语能力的培养陕西学前师范学院李娟2015年10月31日nI. Getting to know each othernII. Evaluation Criteria of students oral competencenIII. Factors that influence students oral performancenIV. Things that we can do to help students improve their oral performanceI. Getting to know each othernSelf-introductionnWhy are you here? (What do you expect to learn from this lecture?)nWhat are your strong points and weak points in speaking English?nWhat problems on oral English have you met in teaching?II. Evaluation Criteria of students oral competencen语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 三级）n1、能在课堂活动中用简短的英语进行交际； 2、能就熟悉的话题进行简单的交流； 3、能在教师的指导下参与简单的游戏和角色扮演活动； 4、能利用所给提示(如图片、幻灯片、实物、文字等)简单描述一件事情； 5、能提供有关个人情况和个人经历的信息； 6、能讲述简单的小故事； 7、能背诵一定数量的英语小诗或歌谣，能唱一些英语歌曲； 8、能在上述口语活动中语音、语调基本正确。 n语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 四级）n1、能根据提示给出连贯的简单指令； n2、能引出话题并进行几个回合的交谈； n3、能在教师的帮助下或根据图片用简单的语言描述自己或他人的经历； n4、能在教师的指导下参与角色扮演等活动；n5、能在上述口语活动中使用正确的语音、语调。 n语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 五级）n1、能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点和意见，参与讨论； n2、能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务； n3、能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正； n4、能有效地询问信息和请求帮助； n5、能根据话题进行情景对话； n6、能用英语表演短剧； n7、能在以上口语活动中语音、语调自然，语气恰当。 “说”的过程第一阶段：仿说。第一阶段：仿说。 第二阶段：说出单词和句子。第二阶段：说出单词和句子。 第三阶段：描述或讲述。第三阶段：描述或讲述。2022-6-168III. Factors that influence students oral performancen1、传统教学的不良影响（方式刻板，重读写，轻听说，作业以笔头为主，轻口头）n2、心理障碍的影响（自信不足，不敢开口）n3、缺少英语交际的氛围（非目的语环境，课堂是主要场所，但教师上课时英语用得较少，常常冷场，鼓励和激励之下无人响应）n4、重视程度不够（考试不考口语，教学只停留在词汇、语法和语言点上，口语活动流于表面，结果学生只会读，不会说）2022-6-169III. Factors that influence students oral performancen1、发音不准；n2、不敢说，怕犯错，声音小；n3、想说不知道怎么说；n4、表达方式不正确；n5、缺乏说的热情。2022-6-1610产生问题的原因是什么？n1、听力输入不够；n2、语音训练不够；n3、说的基础训练不够；n4、课堂机械操练过多，意义性和综合性操练过少。n5、课堂操练时缺少情景。n n基础知识，基本技能的掌握欠缺；n出现问题的主要原因在课堂教学。IV. Things that we can do to help students improve their oral performancen1、加强听力输入n2、加强语音教学n3、加强说的基础训练n4、在有意义的练习中熟练语言（课堂练习+第二课堂）2022-6-1612n问题讨论：n1、如果是新课，你什么时候让学生听录音？n2、一节课能听几次？都是在什么时候听？n3、留听、说的作业吗？n4、用英语授课的比例？1 1、在学生开口前先听。、在学生开口前先听。2 2、在学习过程中跟读模仿，在学生不会说时再听。、在学习过程中跟读模仿，在学生不会说时再听。3 3、留听、说的作业。、留听、说的作业。4 4、尽可能用英语授课。、尽可能用英语授课。策略一，加强听力输入Classroom Englishn1.问候（Greeting） Hello，boys and girlsGood morning，classeveryoneeverybodyboys and girlsGood afternoon，classeveryoneeverybodyboys and girlsHow are you today？ Im sorry Im late. /Excuse me for coming late. 2.考勤（Checking attendance） nWhos on duty today？ Is everyoneeverybody herepresent？Is anyone away？Is anybody away？Is anyone absent？Is anybody absent？Whos absent？Whos away？Where is heshe？Try to be on timeDont be late next timeGo back to your seat，pleaseWhat day is it today？Whats the date today？Whats the weather like today？3. 上课（Beginning a class） nLets start nowLets begin our classlesson Lets get ready for class. Class begins. First，lets do some reviewWhat did we learn In the last class？Who can tellremember what we did In the last class yesterday？Now were going to do something newdifferentWe have some now wordssentences4.提起注意（Directing attention） nReady？Are you ready？Go. Did you get there？Do you understand？Can you follow me? / Is that clear？Any volunteers？Do you know what to do？Be quiet，pleaseQuiet，pleaseListen，pleaseListen carefully，pleaseListen to the tape recorderthe recording, please.Look carefully，pleaseLook over here, pleaseWatch carefully, please Please look at the black-boardpicturemapPlease Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation5.课堂活动（Classroom activities） nStart！Start nowEverybody togetherAll togetherPractice in a groupPractice In groupsIn groups，pleaseGet into groups of threefourEvery body find a partnerfriendIn pairs，pleaseOne at a timeLets do It one by oneNow you，pleaseYour turn（Students name）Next，pleaseNow you do the same，pleaseLets actLets act outdo the dialogueWho wants to be A？Practice the dialogue，pleaseNow Tom will be A，and the other half will be BPlease take（play）the part ofnWhose turn is It？Its your turn.Wait your turn，pleaseStand inlineLine upOne by oneOne at a time，pleaseIn twosIn pairsDont speak outTurn around6.请求（Request） and鼓励（Encouraging） nCould you please try It again？ Could you please try the next one？ Will you please help me？Would you like to have a try?Try your bestDo your bestThink it over and try againDont be afraidshy Take it easy. Come on. You can do it. Come on, youre almost there. Ill give you a clue (hint). 7. 指令（Issuing a command） nRead after me，pleaseFollow me，pleaseDo what I do Repeat，pleaseRepeat after meOnce more，pleaseOne more time，pleaseCome here，pleasePlease come to the frontCome up and write on the blackboardchalkboardCome and write It on the blackboardPlease go back to your seatIn English，pleasePut your hand up，pleaseRaise your hand，pleasePut your hands down，pleaseHands down，pleaseSay itWrite it in ChineseEnglishPlease take out your booksnPlease open your books at pageFind pageTurn to PagePlease answer the questionquestionsPlease answer my questions. Please read this letterwordsentence out loudPlease read out this letterwordsentencePlease stop nowStop now，pleaseStop here，pleaseClean up your deskthe classroom，pleaseIts cleanup timeTidy up your deskthe classroomClean off your deskPick up the scrapsClean the blackboardPlug in the taperecorder，pleasePut the taperecorder away, pleasePut the tape in its boxcassetteListen and repeatLook and listenRepeat after meFollow the wordsFastQuickly！Be quick，pleaseHurry！Hurry up，pleaseSlow down，pleaseBring me some chalk，please 8.评价 nGood，thank youGoodVery goodGod jobGood workGood exampleA good answerNice workExcellentGreat！Well done Thats Interesting！Dont worry about ItNo problemOK！Thats OKI dont think soA good try Not bad.9.布置作业（Setting homework） nFor todays homeworkPractice after classPractice at homeSay it out loud，before you write It downCopyPrintWrite each word twiceRemember（Memorize）these wordssentencesLearn these wordsthese sentencesthis text by heart10.下课（Dismissing the class） nHand in your workbooks，pleaseTime is upThe bell is ringingTheres the bellThere goes the bellLets stop hereThats all for todayClass is over Good byeByeSee you next time 其他其他n给词标重音。给词标重音。 Mark the word stress. n仿照例句做下列各题。仿照例句做下列各题。 Do the following after model.n把下列句子变成复数形式。把下列句子变成复数形式。 Put the following into plural form.n用过去进行时完成句子。用过去进行时完成句子。Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.n根据短文编写对话。根据短文编写对话。 Make a dialogue according to the passage.n用自己的话缩写短文。用自己的话缩写短文。 Shorten the text in your own words.n看图，用所给的词写一个看图，用所给的词写一个200字以内的故事。字以内的故事。Look at the pictures and the words given, write a story no more than 200 words.n完成对话。完成对话。 Complete the dialogue.n写出下列词的复数形式。写出下列词的复数形式。 Give the plural forms of the words.n下面自己读课文，有问题可以问。下面自己读课文，有问题可以问。Now read the text yourselves. If you have any questions, you can ask me.n你们最好默读课文。你们最好默读课文。Youd better read (the text) silently.n默读有利于更好地理解。默读有利于更好地理解。Reading silently can help you understand better.n我们进行测试。我们进行测试。 Lets have a test.n帮我发卷。帮我发卷。 Help me hand out the paper.n把卷子往下传。把卷子往下传。Hand on the paper.n十分钟答完。十分钟答完。You must finish it in ten minutes.n好了，时间到了，请交卷。好了，时间到了，请交卷。OK/Well, time is up. Hand in your papers, please.n布置家庭作业。布置家庭作业。 Now homework.n完成练习册上的练习。完成练习册上的练习。Finish off the workbook exercises.n完成课堂上未做的题。完成课堂上未做的题。Finish the exercise undone in class.n复习要点八。复习要点八。 Revise Checkpoint 8.n写第九课生词与短语。写第九课生词与短语。 Write out the words and phrases in Lesson 9.n读第二部分对话，编一段相似的对话。读第二部分对话，编一段相似的对话。Read the dialogue in Part 2 and make a similar one.n给朋友写封短信。给朋友写封短信。Write a short letter to your friend.n复习这单元的词汇和语言结构，灵活运用。复习这单元的词汇和语言结构，灵活运用。n Revise the new vocabulary and structures in this unit, then make good full use of them.n记住记住103页总结的内容。页总结的内容。Learn the contents of the summary on Page 103.n把答案写在一张纸上。把答案写在一张纸上。Write down the answers to the questions on a piece of paper.n练习练习when和和if引导的从句。引导的从句。Practice “when” and “if” clauses.n用下列句型造句。用下列句型造句。 Make sentences with the following sentence patterns.n默写生词。默写生词。Write the new words from memory.n抄写课文最后一部分。抄写课文最后一部分。 Copy the last part of the text.n背诵课文第一自然段。背诵课文第一自然段。Recite the first paragraph of the text.n预习形容词，副词的比较级和最高级。预习形容词，副词的比较级和最高级。nPrepare the comparative and superlative degree of adj. and adv.n读读80页上的短文，在词典中查找生词，并简要复述这页上的短文，在词典中查找生词，并简要复述这个故事。个故事。 Read the short passage on Page 80 and look up the new words in your dictionaries. Retell the story briefly.n 你不应该那样做。你不应该那样做。You shouldnt have done that.n 做事要三思而后行。做事要三思而后行。Think it over before you act.n回头回头/一会见。一会见。See you (soon/ later)n暑假到了。暑假到了。 The summer holiday/ vacation comes.n祝你们假期愉快！祝你们假期愉快！nWish you a good holiday! Have a good/ nice/ wonderful time in / during the holiday!n 祝你们好运！祝你们好运！ Wish you good luck! Good luck to you!n祝你们旅途愉快！祝你们旅途愉快！ Good trip to you! Have a good trip!n别忘了完成假期作业。别忘了完成假期作业。Remember to finish your vacation work.n你必须写日记，早晨大声朗读。你必须写日记，早晨大声朗读。You must keep a diary and read aloud in the morning.n记住，安全第一。记住，安全第一。 Remember safety first.n咱们常联系。咱们常联系。 Keep in touch with me.n如果你们遇到不理解的题，可以写信问。如果你们遇到不理解的题，可以写信问。nIf you come across puzzling questions, you can write them in your letters.n欢迎假期到我家来玩。欢迎假期到我家来玩。Welcome you to my home during the holiday.n好，下学期见。好，下学期见。 OK. See you next term .n 欢迎你们返校。欢迎你们返校。 Welcome you back to school.n很高兴又见到你们。很高兴又见到你们。Glad/ Nice to meet you again.n时间过得真快呀！时间过得真快呀！ How time flies!/ How fast time goes by!n一个月很快过去了。一个月很快过去了。 A month passed quickly.n你们假期进得好吗？你们假期进得好吗？ Did you have a good time in the holiday?n假期你们都到哪去了？假期你们都到哪去了？ Where have you been? Where did you go for the holiday?n都看到什么了？都看到什么了？ What have you seen there?n你的暑假是怎样度过的？你的暑假是怎样度过的？ How did you spend your holiday?n讲一讲你的假期生活好吗？讲一讲你的假期生活好吗？Will/ Would you say something about your holiday?n给我们讲一讲你遇见的最有趣的事。给我们讲一讲你遇见的最有趣的事。nTell us the most interesting things you have seen/ met.n你参加了哪些有益你参加了哪些有益/意义的活动？意义的活动？What rewarding/ instructive activities did you attend / take part in?n假期有哪些收获？假期有哪些收获？ What have you learnt in the holiday? What reward have you gained/ got in the vacation?n新学期开始了，你们应该有一个新起色。新学期开始了，你们应该有一个新起色。New term begins, you should have a new start.n你们应该收回心来学习。你们应该收回心来学习。You should get your minds back to study.n一寸光阴一寸金。一寸光阴一寸金。 Time is money.n你们一定要好好学习，天天向上。你们一定要好好学习，天天向上。You must study hard and make progress every day.n你们应该互相学习，互相帮助。你们应该互相学习，互相帮助。You should learn from each other and help each othern再细读一遍课文，然后回答练习册再细读一遍课文，然后回答练习册24页上的问题。页上的问题。n Read it in detail/ more carefully for the second time, then answer the answer questions on Page 24 of your workbooks.n找出疑难点。找出疑难点。Find out the difficulties and what you dont understand.n谁能帮他解答这个问题？谁能帮他解答这个问题？Who can help him with the question? Who can help him out?n你最好用英语说。你最好用英语说。Youd better say it in English.n如果你用英语说有困难，可以用汉语。如果你用英语说有困难，可以用汉语。 You may say it in Chinese if you have difficulty in speaking English / cant speak it in English.n好，我告诉你们这两个句子的区别。好，我告诉你们这两个句子的区别。OK. I tell you the differences between the two sentences.n这两个词有什么不同？这两个词有什么不同？ Whats the difference between the two words?n请举例说明。请举例说明。 ( Give us ) An example, please.n这个词可以这样用。这个词可以这样用。 We can use it (in) this way / like this.n例如，例如，For example/ instance. n现在你能区分现在你能区分A和和B吗？吗？Can you tell A from B now?n分组讨论。分组讨论。 OK. Now lets have a discussion in groups of four.n我提一个问题供大家讨论我提一个问题供大家讨论I give you a question for discussion.n你认为这篇文章怎么样？你认为这篇文章怎么样？ What do you think of the article? How do you like the article? How do you find the article?n你从课文中学到了什么？你从课文中学到了什么？ What have you learned from the text?n别着急，慢慢来。别着急，慢慢来。Dont worry. Take it easy!n别紧张，慢点说。别紧张，慢点说。Dont be nervous. No hurry/ take your time.n看图复述课文。看图复述课文。Look at the pictures and retell the text.n看黑板上的关键词，复述课文。看黑板上的关键词，复述课文。Look at the key words on the blackboard and retell the text.n谁愿试一试？谁愿试一试？ Who wants a try/go? Who want to try/ have a go? Who would like to have a try? Volunteer, any volunteers?n还能说吗？还能说吗？/还有吗？还有吗？ Any more (about it)?n谁能补充？谁能补充？ Who can say more about it? Who has anything to add?n我们来唱首歌，轻松一下。我们来唱首歌，轻松一下。Lets sing a song to relax our minds.n我们来做一个游戏，轻松轻松。我们来做一个游戏，轻松轻松。Lets play a game to relax for a moment.n回过头来做练习，请看幻灯片。回过头来做练习，请看幻灯片。Come back to the exercises. Please watch the slide show.n看投影练习。看投影练习。 Look at the projection exercises.n第一题，填写所缺单词。第一题，填写所缺单词。No. 1/ Exercise One. Fill in the missing words.n第二题，用适当词填空。第二题，用适当词填空。No. 2/ Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with proper words.n用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。 Fill in the blanks with the right form of the word given.n完成单词并朗读。完成单词并朗读。 Complete the words and read them out.n同义句转换，使两句意思相同。同义句转换，使两句意思相同。 Make the two sentences have the same meaning.n改错，每题只有一处。改错，每题只有一处。Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. Only one in each sentence.n给每空选择正确答案。给每空选择正确答案。Choose the correct / best answer for each blank.n按要求改写下列句子。按要求改写下列句子。Rewrite the sentences according to the requiring.n就划线部分提问。就划线部分提问。 Turn the following into questions according to the underlined part.n把下列句子变成否定句。把下列句子变成否定句。 Make the following into negative.n把下列句子变成问句，并写在作业本上。把下列句子变成问句，并写在作业本上。 Turn the following into questions and write them in your exercise book.n用动词的正确形式填空。用动词的正确形式填空。 Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms.n找出划给部分读音与其它不同的词。找出划给部分读音与其它不同的词。 Find the word with a different sound. (in each group)nFind the word which has a different sound from the others.n重新安排句子顺序。重新安排句子顺序。Re-arrange the sentences/ Put the sentences in the right order.n用适当的连词连接两个句子。用适当的连词连接两个句子。Join each pair of the sentences / the two sentences with proper conjunction.n选出与划线部分的意思最接近的选项。选出与划线部分的意思最接近的选项。Choose the closest in meaning to the underlined part.n 找出划线部分的最佳汉语释译。找出划线部分的最佳汉语释译。 Find the best Chinese meaning of the underlined part.n根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句子。Complete the sentences according to the Chinese( meaning)n词和词组释译。词和词组释译。 Match the words or phrases.n连词成句。连词成句。 Form sentences with the words given.n 根据答语写出问句。根据答语写出问句。 Write questions according to the answers.n写出下列缩写形式。写出下列缩写形式。 Write down the short forms of the following.n写出动词的过去式和过去分词形式。写出动词的过去式和过去分词形式。Give the past and past participle forms of the verbs.n给划线词选正确音标。给划线词选正确音标。 Choose the right sound of the underlined word.2022-6-1642n策略二，加强语音教学n 语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，不要一味追求单音的准确性。n英语课程标准2011版2022-6-1643n问题一，初中英语的语音知识包含哪些？n课标五级要求n1、了解语音在语言学习中的意义；n2、了解英语语音包括发音、重音、连读、语调、节奏等内容； n3、在日常生活会话中做到语音、语调基本正确、自然、流畅； n4、根据重音和语调的变化理解和表达不同的意图和态度； n5、根据读音拼写单词和短语。 2022-6-1644n语音教学要注意：n分散学习和集中学习相结合 n 分散学习是指与平时的教学相结合；分散学习语音是集中时间学习语音的基础，这样有利于提高学习效率。n 集中学习是指用一节或是半节课的时间专门学习语音。n Revision of English phonetics transcriptionsnCan you pronounce this 26 letters correctly? A B C D E F G H I J k L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 读读下面两组句子:He beat me.He bit me.Did he live here?Did he leave here?Revision of English phonetics transcriptionsn1. Compare the following two vowels: deep dip wheat wit green grin peak pick feel fill seat sit beach bitch deed didnbeg bag bit bet said sad lid led pet pat hill hell pen pan tin tennknow now peer pear poor noat out tear tare tourntone town mere mare moornload loud sheer share surencoat doubtnSaid z mouth mouths sick thick nRice rise thigh thy face faithnHiss his ether either seem themenPrice prize bath bathe mouse mouthnClosing clothing sake shakenBreeze breathe sew shownBays bathe sock shocknZoos those fasten fashion2. Linking (连读)n连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过。(连读符号：) n(1)“辅音+元音”型连读 n在同一个意群里，如果相