初中英语句子成分分析课件.ppt
1英语句子成分分析主讲：蔡伟波2 I can speak English very well!3取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石4句子成分(1) 谓主宾5表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主 语 What he needs is a book. Gina is from Australia.She often goes to the movies.Doing the work is hard for him. 6主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主语句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首7 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在 be动词之后。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.81. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. What he needs is a book. （ ）8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree. （ ）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语9形式主语It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.It is important to learn English well .不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。10 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列你懂得翻译下列句子吗？句子吗？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。11主语在哪里The young should respect the old.Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.What he has said is true.Seeing is believing. 12说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓 语 We love China.He has a bad cold.13 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当. 动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动情态动词和助动词词.实义动词或系动词实义动词或系动词14情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.15We have finished reading this book.谓语在哪里They can speak English well.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语He looked after two boys.They enjoyed playing computer games.16表示动作, 行为的对象说明主语“做什么”宾 语 Can I ask some questions?He is looking at the dog. 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后17宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词18He gave me two books.Tom teaches us English.双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词常跟双宾语的词 give , buy, teach191.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语20 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C DYou must pay good attention to A Byour pronunciation.C D 宾语在哪里21Summary2 2谓语 “做.” 或“怎么样”3 3宾语 动作行为”做”的对象主语 “什么人”或“什么事”1 122She is a beautiful girl.23句子成分(2)定状补表24说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词之后表 语Her mother is a bank clerk.The food tastes delicious.25表语表语：跟在：跟在 后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句,用来说用来说明主语的身份明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .系动词26He always kept silent at meeting. 系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。I am hungry.持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。27He became mad after that. 系动词感官系动词 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。This flower smells very sweet.变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。281. He is a teacher. ( )2. My idea is this.( )3. To see is to believe.( )4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( )5. He is out of danger.( )6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名词名词代词代词不定式不定式从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词29找出表语Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.He is happy.30修饰名词或代词定 语Shes a good basketball player.Whats your name?The girl with long hair is my sister.31定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_ . This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the door is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词或代词名词或代词321.Its a red car.( )2.They live in the room above.( )3.My brother is a teacher.( )4.We belong to the third world.( )5.Lucys father is a poor worker.( )6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( )8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词33找出定语Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C DThe man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D34修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状 语The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.He sat there quietly.351. He is often late for class.( )2. We saw that picture at the cinema.( )3. He sat there smoking.( )4. They returned tired and hungry. （ ）5. They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）6. Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )7. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句369. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）10.He was angry because we were late( ）11.If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句37找出状语He began writing when he was eleven. A B C DThere was a big smile on her face.A B C D38用来补充说明宾语的情况 宾语补足语We elected him our monitor.He asked her to take the boy out of school.39注意点 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。比如说： I like to keep everything tidy. Im going to paint it pink.40 感官动词和使役动词加宾补，如：（四看一听一感三使役）See，notice, watch, observe(感官动词)hear，feel , Make，have, let(使役动词)，接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 1. I hear him sing . 2. Let him help you.41形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式42 I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C DThey call me Lily sometimes.A B C D找出宾补43Summary2 2定语用来修饰名词或代词3 3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词4 4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1 144
