2021宁夏同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷.docx

2021宁夏同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famous American physicist, who directed the (1) of the first atomic bombs. Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After (2) the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, where he built up large (3) of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions (4) to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars. From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills (5) him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there (6) the year before his death. He was also chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served (7) as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position (8) his past association with Communists. This action (9) the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike of some politicians and military (10) for Oppenheimers opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his (11) of arms control. His (12) was not really in doubt. (13) , efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC (14) him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Award. Oppenheimer (15) his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967. AgrantedBgreetedCgraspedDgrazed 2. Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition (1) may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to (2) . Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit (3) three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been (4) 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting (5) are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed (6) Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One (7) basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to (8) their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on wails, buses, and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subwayseven the doors of public toilets. (9) messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevatorsand (10) we. are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to (11) the junk mail. (12) Insiders Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated (13) of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have (14) to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money ! What is the effect of all of this One analyst (15) it this way: "Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. " AIt is said thatBApart fromCAccording toDIncluding in 3. A recent report on population trend conducted by the think (1) of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countriesall in the industrialized worldhave stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isnt something to (2) , because more people are dying. This trend is called "population fatigue", and its beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced (3) birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, (4) at the same time confronting the falling water (5) , deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threatinfectious disease, drought or faminecan become a (6) crisis. AIDS is a case (7) . WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, (8) , these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade from AIDS alone, a situation (9) since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14h century. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the (10) conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland (11) where it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or (12) in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom line is that human population growth is (13) to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems (14) the horizon and act to encourage smaller families or unchecked births will have their (15) in rising death rates. AonBatCinDto 4. Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City. It is one of the largest and most (1) art museums in the world. In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to (2) the American Independence Day. After dinner, John Jay, a (3) lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a "national institution and gallery of art. " During the next four years, he (4) American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was (5) in two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have (6) been built around this building. The north and south (7) were completed in 1911 and 1913, (8) Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the museums (9) collections, to expand gallery space and educational (10) . The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic (11) , representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present. Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a private (12) . The museum is one of the most popular tourist (13) in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. (14) , scholars of archeology and art history (15) advanced research projects at the museum. AcondemnBconductCconfineDconfront 5. In 1975 the Congress of the United States passed the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, a (1) document in special education that has since (2) numerous amendments. A 1990 amendment renamed the law the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). IDEA requires public schools (3) a free and appropriate education to all disabled children. The law also requires that all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 receive support services, such as (4) or physical therapy, (5) the type or seriousness of their disability. (6) the provisions of IDEA, schools must (7) all children with disabilities. To do this school officials provide each child with a comprehensive (8) conducted by teachers, the parents, and appropriate specialists, such as children with speech difficulties. IDEA also requires schools to give parents the opportunity to assist in the development and (9) of their childs education plan. The plan specifies goals for the students education, methods to achieve those goals, and services to be provided. Each students education plan is reviewed (10) . To the maximum extent appropriate, a child with a disability must be educated with children who do not have disabilities. In addition, IDEA requires that older children with disabilities receive transition services to assist in the change from school to adult activities, (11) employment, continuing education, and finding a place to live. IDEA provides federal financial support for schools to develop special education programs. Other federal laws prohibit discrimination (12) disability. Section 504 of the Act of 1973 (13) discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public schools and any other federally supported programs. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ensures (14) for individuals with disabilities in all (15) life, including education, the workplace, transportation, and telecommunications. AallowanceBaccessCpermissionDadmission 6. A recent report on population trend conducted by the think (1) of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countriesall in the industrialized worldhave stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isnt something to (2) , because more people are dying. This trend is called "population fatigue", and its beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced (3) birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, (4) at the same time confronting the falling water (5) , deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threatinfectious disease, drought or faminecan become a (6) crisis. AIDS is a case (7) . WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, (8) , these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade from AIDS alone, a situation (9) since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14h century. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the (10) conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland (11) where it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or (12) in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom line is that human population growth is (13) to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems (14) the horizon and act to encourage smaller families or unchecked births will have their (15) in rising death rates. AvalueBcostCpayDprice 7. Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often (1) between each established group of (2) and each succeeding group. As each group became (3) financially successful, and more powerful, they (4) newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are (5) U.S. history, (6) , this prejudicial treatment of different groups is (7) more unjust than with black Americans. Blacks had distinct (8) . For the most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and were not free to keep their (9) and cultural traditions. (10) most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes slave owners separated members of (11) family. They could not mix easily with the (12) society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to (13) the American culture. Even after they became flee people, they were still discriminated (14) in employment, housing, education, and even in public (15) , such as restrooms. AbyBtoCforDagainst 8. Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famous American physicist, who directed the (1) of the first atomic bombs. Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After (2) the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, where he built up large (3) of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions (4) to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars. From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills (5) him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there (6) the year before his death. He was also chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served (7) as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position (8) his past association with Communists. This action (9) the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike of some politicians and military (10) for Oppenheimers opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his (11) of arms control. His (12) was not really in doubt. (13) , efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC (14) him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Award. Oppenheimer (15) his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967. AdepictedBdevotedCdepositedDdeprived 9. Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition (1) may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to (2) . Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit (3) three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been (4) 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting (5) are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed (6) Some athletes receive most of t